248281-84-7 Usage
Description
Laquinimod (248281-84-7) is an immunomodulator1 that inhibits inflammation2 and autoimmunity3,4 via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)5. It has been investigated as a treatment for multiple sclerosis6 and has shown efficacy in Huntington’s disease models7,8.
in vitro
abr-215062 was shown to completely inhibit the development of murine acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) [1].
in vivo
abr-215062 dose-dependently inhibited disease and showed better disease inhibitory effects as compared to roquinimex (linomide). furthermore, abr-215062 inhibited the inflammation of both cd4+ t cells and macrophages into central nervous tissues [2].
References
J?nsson et al. (2004), Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 1,2-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxamides for Treatment of Autoimmune Disorders: Structure-Activity Relationship; Med. Chem. 47 2075
Rothhammer et al. (2021); Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Astrocytes by Laquinimod Ameliorates Autoimmune Inflammation in the CNS, Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm., 8 e946
Pitarokoili et al. (2014), Laquinimod exerts strong clinical and immunomodulatory effects in Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis; Neuroimmunol., 274 38
Ott et al. (2019), Laquinimod, a prototypic quinoline-3-carboxamide and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, utilizes CD155-mediated natural killer/dendritic cell interaction to suppress CNS autoimmunity; Neuroinflammation, 16 49
Kaye et al. (2016), Laquinimod arrests experimental autoimmune encephalitis by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 113 E6145
Th?ne and Linker (2016), Laquinimod in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review of the data so far; Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 10 1111
Dobson et al. (2016), Laquinimod dampens hyperactive cytokine production in Huntington’s disease patient myeloid cells; Neurochem., 137 782
Garcia-Miralles et al. (2016), Laquinimod rescues striatal, cortical and white matter pathology and results in modest behavioural improvements in the YAC128 model of Huntington disease; Rep., 6 31652
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 248281-84-7 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 2,4,8,2,8 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 248281-84:
(8*2)+(7*4)+(6*8)+(5*2)+(4*8)+(3*1)+(2*8)+(1*4)=157
157 % 10 = 7
So 248281-84-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C19H17ClN2O3/c1-3-22(12-8-5-4-6-9-12)19(25)16-17(23)15-13(20)10-7-11-14(15)21(2)18(16)24/h4-11,23H,3H2,1-2H3
248281-84-7Relevant articles and documents
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Laquinimod
Huang, Yanyan,Feng, Ying,Gao, Wensheng,Zhang, Chao,Chen, Ligong
, p. 437 - 440 (2016/04/19)
Laquinimod, 5-chloro-1,2-dihydro-N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-N- phenyl-3-quinoline carboxamide, is an oral drug in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. An efficient synthetic method for laquinimod from 2-amino-6-chlorobenzoic acid via four steps was established. The overall yield of laquinimod is up to 82% as compared with 70% reported in literature. It has also been demonstrated that green reagent dimethyl carbonate is not suitable for the N-methylation of 5-chloroisatoic anhydride owing to the ring-cleavage reaction induced by the generated methanol. The ring-cleavage by-products were isolated and characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In addition, in the study of laquinimod derivatives, we found that 5-chloro-1,2-dihydro-N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-3-quinoline carboxamide (laquinimod) was obtained in much higher yield than 7-chloro-1,2-dihydro-N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-3-quinoline carboxamide under the same reaction conditions, and it is possibly attributed to a neighboring group effect.
HIGHLY PURE LAQUINIMOD OR A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT THEREOF
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, (2012/01/15)
Provided herein is an impurity of laquinimod, N-ethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide (deschloro laquinimod impurity), and process for preparation and isolation thereof. Provided further herein is a highly pure laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof substantially free of deschloro laquinimod impurity, processes for the preparation thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising highly pure laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof substantially free of deschloro laquinimod impurity.
INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES SUCH AS LAQUINIMOD SODIUM
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Page/Page column 27, (2012/06/15)
The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of quinoline-3 -carboxamide derivatives, such as sodium 5-chloro-3-(ethylphenylcarbamoyl)-l-methyl-2- oxo-l,2-dihydroquinolin-4-olate (Laquinimod sodium). The present invention further relates to intermediates formed in such processes.