2499-59-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Reduce the β-Sheet Content of SEVI Amyloid Fibrils and Inhibit SEVI-Enhanced HIV Infectivity
Sheik, Daniel A.,Chamberlain, Jeffrey M.,Brooks, Lauren,Clark, Melissa,Kim, Young Hun,Leriche, Geoffray,Kubiak, Clifford P.,Dewhurst, Stephen,Yang, Jerry
, p. 2596 - 2602 (2017)
Semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) fibrils are naturally abundant amyloid aggregates found in semen that facilitate viral attachment and internalization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cells, thereby increasing the probability of infection. Mature SEVI fibrils are composed of aggregated peptides exhibiting high β-sheet secondary structural characteristics. Herein, we show that polymers containing hydrophobic side chains can interact with SEVI and reduce its β-sheet content by ～45% compared with the β-sheet content of SEVI in the presence of polymers with hydrophilic side chains, as estimated by polarization modulation-infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy measurements. A nanoparticle (NP) formulation of this hydrophobic polymer reduced SEVI-mediated HIV infection in TMZ-bl cells by 60% compared with the control treatment. Although these NPs lacked specific amyloid-targeting groups, thus requiring high concentrations to observe biological activity, the use of hydrophobic interactions to alter the secondary structure of amyloids represents a useful approach to neutralizing the SEVI function. These results could, therefore, have general implications in the design of novel materials that can modify the activity of amyloids associated with a variety of other neurological and systemic diseases.
A ε - ester perfume compound and its preparation method
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Paragraph 0031-0033, (2017/11/17)
The invention discloses an epsilon-lactone flavor chemical compound. The epsilon-lactone flavor chemical compound is shown as a structural formula. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the epsilon-lactone flavor chemical compound. The method includes enabling acid chemical compounds and alcohol chemical compounds to carry out esterification reaction in organic solvents by the aid of acid catalysts to obtain acrylic acid n-octyl chemical compounds; enabling the acrylic acid n-octyl chemical compounds and alkenes chemical compounds to carry out addition and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction in organic solvents by the aid of base catalysts and acid catalysts to ultimately obtain the epsilon-propanoic acid n-octyl-epsilon-caprolactone chemical compound. The epsilon-lactone flavor chemical compound and the method have the advantages that the epsilon-lactone flavor chemical compound is a novel epsilon-lactone chemical compound with characteristic aroma of mellow and sweet rice wine, and is the latest domestic and overseas research result for epsilon-lactone chemical compounds with characteristic aroma.
Non-Viral CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing In Vitro and In Vivo Enabled by Synthetic Nanoparticle Co-Delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA
Miller, Jason B.,Zhang, Shuyuan,Kos, Petra,Xiong, Hu,Zhou, Kejin,Perelman, Sofya S.,Zhu, Hao,Siegwart, Daniel J.
supporting information, p. 1059 - 1063 (2017/01/18)
CRISPR/Cas is a revolutionary gene editing technology with wide-ranging utility. The safe, non-viral delivery of CRISPR/Cas components would greatly improve future therapeutic utility. We report the synthesis and development of zwitterionic amino lipids (ZALs) that are uniquely able to (co)deliver long RNAs including Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs. ZAL nanoparticle (ZNP) delivery of low sgRNA doses (15 nm) reduces protein expression by >90 % in cells. In contrast to transient therapies (such as RNAi), we show that ZNP delivery of sgRNA enables permanent DNA editing with an indefinitely sustained 95 % decrease in protein expression. ZNP delivery of mRNA results in high protein expression at low doses in vitro (?1). Intravenous co-delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgLoxP induced expression of floxed tdTomato in the liver, kidneys, and lungs of engineered mice. ZNPs provide a chemical guide for rational design of long RNA carriers, and represent a promising step towards improving the safety and utility of gene editing.
METHODS OF MAKING (ALK)ACRYLIC ESTERS IN FLOW REACTORS
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Page/Page column 21, (2017/09/15)
A method of making an (alk)acrylic ester in a microflow reactor.
Synthesis and Surface Properties of a Novel Sodium 3-(3-Alkyloxy-3-oxopropoxy)-3-oxopropane-1-sulfonate at the Air-Water Interface
Kumar, Pandari Phani,Nayak, Rati Ranjan,Kanjilal, Sanjit
, p. 689 - 695 (2015/06/23)
The present paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of surface properties of a novel series of anionic surfactant, namely sodium 3-(3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropoxy)-3-oxopropane-1-sulfonate with varying alkyl chain length (C8-C16). Synthesis involves initial formation of the 3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropyl acrylate along with fatty acrylate during the direct esterification of fatty alcohol with acrylic acid in the presence of 0.5 % NaHSO4 at 110 C followed by sulfonation of the terminal double bond of the 3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropyl acrylate. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for surface and thermodynamic properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γcmc), efficiency of surface adsorption (pC20), surface excess (Γmax), minimum area per molecule at the air-water interface (A min), free energy of adsorption (?G ads), free energy of micellization (?G mic), wetting time, emulsifying properties, foaming power and calcium tolerance. Effect of chain length on CMC follows the classic trend, i.e. decrease in CMC with the increase in alkyl chain length. High pC20 (>3) value indicates higher hydrophobic character of the surfactant. These surfactants showed very poor wetting time and calcium tolerance, but exhibited good emulsion stability and excellent foamability. Foaming power and foam stability of C14-sulfonate were found to be the best among the studied compounds. Foam stability of C14-sulfonate was also studied at different concentrations over time and excellent foam stability was obtained at a concentration of 0.075 %. Thus this novel class of surfactant may find applications as foam boosters in combination with other suitable surfactants.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING 4-HYDROXYBUTYL ACRYLATE
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Paragraph 0549; 0550; 0551; 0552; 0553; 0554; 0555; 0556, (2015/04/22)
A process for preparing 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate by transesterifying an alkyl acrylate with 1,4-butanediol in the presence of a dialkyltin oxide such that each of the alkyl groups has 4 to 8 carbon atoms, characterized in that the amount of the dialkyltin oxide is adjusted to 0.00001 to 0.01 moles per one mole of the alkyl acrylate.
Nanostructure formation in aqueous solution of amphiphilic copolymers of 2-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)methacrylate and alkylacrylate: Characterization, antimicrobial activity, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity studies
Dutta, Pranabesh,Dey, Joykrishna,Shome, Anshupriya,Das, Prasanta Kumar
experimental part, p. 298 - 311 (2012/06/01)
Three amphiphilic random copolymers poly(2-(dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate-co-alkylacrylate) (where, alkyl = hexyl, octyl, dodecyl) with 16 mol% hydrophobic substitution were synthesized. Surface tension, viscosity, fluorescence probe, dynamic light scattering (DLS), as well as transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques were utilized to investigate self-assembly formation by the hydrophobically modified polymers (HMPs) in pH 5. Formation of hydrophobic domains through inter-polymer chain interaction of the copolymer in dilute solution was confirmed by fluorescence probe studies. Average hydrodynamic diameter of the copolymer aggregates at different polymer concentration was measured by DLS studies. The copolymer with shorter hydrophobic chain exhibits larger hydrodynamic diameter in dilute solution, which decreased with either increase of concentration or increase of hydrophobic chain length. TEM images of the dilute solutions of the copolymers with shorter as well as with longer hydrophobic chain exhibit spherical aggregates of different sizes. The antimicrobial activity of the copolymers was evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration value against one Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis and one Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The copolymer with the octyl group as pendent hydrophobic chain was found to be more effective in killing these microorganisms. The interaction of the cationic copolymers with calf-thymus DNA was studied by fluorescence quenching method. The polymer-DNA binding was found to be purely electrostatic in nature. The hydrophobes on the polymer backbone were found to have a significant influence on the binding process. Biocompatibility studies of the copolymers in terms of cytotoxicity measurements were finally performed at different concentrations of the HMPs to evaluate their potential application in biomedical fields.
Rational design of pseudozyma antarctica lipase B yielding a general esterification catalyst
Liu, Danni,Trodler, Peter,Eiben, Sabine,Koschorreck, Katja,Mueller, Monika,Pleiss, Juergen,Maurer, Steffen C.,Branneby, Cecilia,Schmid, Rolf D.,Hauer, Bernhard
experimental part, p. 789 - 795 (2011/02/25)
Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (CALB) shows activity in the acrylatlon of hydroxypropylcarbamate, a racemic mixture of enantiomers of primary and secondary alcohols. However, full conversion is hampered by the slowly reacting S enantiomer of the secondary alcohol. The same is true for a wide range of secondary alcohols, for example, octan-2- and -3-ol. In order to get high conversion in these reactions in a short time, the stereospeciflclty pocket of CALB was redesigned by using predictions from molecular modeling. Positions 278, 104, and 47 were targeted, and a library for two-site saturation mutagenesis at positions 104 and 278 was constructed. The library was then screened for hydrolysis of acrylated hydroxypropylcarbamates. The best mutants L278A, L278V, L278A/W104F, and L278A/W104F/S47A showed an increased conversion in hydrolysis and transesterificatlon of more than 30%. While the wildtype showed only 73% conversion in the acrylation of hydroxypropylcarbamate after 6 h, 97% conversion was achieved by L278A in this time. Besides this, L278A/W104F reached >96% conversion in the acrylation of octan-2- and -3-ol within 48 h and showed a significant decrease in stereoselectivity, while the wild-type reached only 68 and 59% conversion, respectively. Thus the new biocatalysts can be used for efficient transformation of racemic alcohols and esters with high activity when the high stereoselectivity of the wild-type hampers complete conversion of racemic substrates in a short time.
INHIBITORS OF BIOFILM FORMATION OF GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
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Page/Page column 64-65, (2009/07/18)
The present invention relates to the use of compounds as broad spectrum inhibitors of bacterial biofilm formation. In particular the invention refers to a family of compounds that block the quorum sensing system of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, a process for their manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use for the treatment and prevention of bacterial damages and diseases, in particular for diseases where there is an advantage in inhibiting quorum sensing regulated phenotypes of pathogens.
Solvent-free esterification catalyzed by surfactant-combined catalysts at room temperature
Gang, Li,Xinzong, Li,Eli, Wumanjiang
, p. 348 - 351 (2008/02/10)
Solvent-free esterifications of various carboxylic acids and alcohols can be catalyzed by surfactant-combined catalysts dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and copper dodecylbenzene sulfonate (CDBS) in moderate to excellent yield at room temperature. The esterification method has two notable advantages: first, there is no need for any solvent, even water, and secondly, no need for energy, the reaction can proceed smoothly at room temperature. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
