4198-90-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Novel pleconaril derivatives: Influence of substituents in the isoxazole and phenyl rings on the antiviral activity against enteroviruses
Egorova, Anna,Ekins, Sean,Jahn, Birgit,Kazakova, Elena,Makarov, Vadim,Schmidtke, Michaela
, (2019/12/28)
Today, there are no medicines to treat enterovirus and rhinovirus infections. In the present study, a series of novel pleconaril derivatives with substitutions in the isoxazole and phenyl rings was synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activity against a panel of pleconaril-sensitive and -resistant enteroviruses. Studies of the structure-activity relationship demonstrate the crucial role of the N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group in the isoxazole ring for antiviral activity against pleconaril-resistant viruses. In addition, one or two substituents in the phenyl ring directly impact on the spectrum of antienteroviral activity. The 3-(3-methyl-4-(3-(3-N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-isoxazol-5-yl)propoxy)phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole 10g was among the compounds exhibiting the strongest activity against pleconaril-resistant as well as pleconaril-susceptible enteroviruses with IC50 values from 0.02 to 5.25 μM in this series. Compound 10g demonstrated markedly less CYP3A4 induction than pleconaril, was non-mutagenic, and was bioavailable after intragastric administration in mice. These results highlight compound 10g as a promising potential candidate as a broad spectrum enterovirus and rhinovirus inhibitor for further preclinical investigations.
Photoinduced Hydroxylation of Organic Halides under Mild Conditions
Cai, Yue-Ming,Xu, Yu-Ting,Zhang, Xin,Gao, Wen-Xia,Huang, Xiao-Bo,Zhou, Yun-Bing,Liu, Miao-Chang,Wu, Hua-Yue
supporting information, p. 8479 - 8484 (2019/10/16)
Presented in this paper is photoinduced hydroxylation of organic halides, providing a mild access to a range of functionalized phenols and aliphatic alcohols. These reactions generally proceed under mild reaction conditions with no need for a photocatalyst or a strong base and show a wide substrate scope as well as excellent functional group tolerance. This work highlights the unique role of NaI that allows a challenging transformation to proceed under mild reaction conditions.
Acetonitrile as a cyanating reagent: Cu-catalyzed cyanation of arenes
Zhu, Yamin,Zhao, Mengdi,Lu, Wenkui,Li, Linyi,Shen, Zengming
, p. 2602 - 2605 (2015/06/16)
A novel approach to the Cu-catalyzed cyanation of simple arenes using acetonitrile as an attractive cyano source has been documented. The C-H functionalization of arenes without directing groups involves a sequential iodination/cyanation to give the desired aromatic nitriles in good yields. A highly efficient Cu/TEMPO system for acetonitrile C-CN bond cleavage has been discovered. TEMPO is used as a cheap oxidant and enables the reaction to be catalytic in copper. Moreover, TEMPOCH2CN 6 has been identified as the active cyanating agent and shows high reactivity for forming the -CN moiety.
Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl bromides with malononitrile via acarbon-nitrile bond cleavage mediated by copper
Lu, Guo-Ping,Bu, Mei-Jie,Cai, Chun
supporting information, p. 547 - 550 (2014/03/21)
An efficient palladium catalytic system is developed for the cyanation of aryl bromides using malononitrile as a cheap, less toxic, stable and easy-to-handle 'nonmetallic' cyanide source, which proceeds via copper-catalyzed cleavage of carbon-nitrile (C-CN) bonds. The approach provides a novel and alternative route leading to aryl nitriles. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
Mechanistic insight into the formal [1,3]-migration in the thermal claisen rearrangement
Hou, Shili,Li, Xinyao,Xu, Jiaxi
, p. 10856 - 10869 (2013/02/23)
The thermal formal [1,3]-sigmatropic shift of allyl aryl ethers has been studied in depth experimentally with the aid of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the B3LYP function. Three mechanistic possibilities, referred to as the radical, ionic, and concerted mechanisms, have previously been put forth to explain the thermal [1,3]-rearrangement process. However, the intercrossing and radical trapping experiments indicate the rearrangement is an intramolecular process. The computational studies reveal that the concerted C[1,3]-sigmatropic shift suffered from a higher energetic barrier to allow the rearrangement to proceed under the conditions used. However, a tandem O[1,3]-sigmatropic shift with a configuration inversion of the oxygen atom and [3,3]-sigmatropic shift (the Claisen rearrangement) is the most likely pathway for the formal [1,3] rearrangement. Furthermore, the rearrangement experiments with a designed optically active substrate and O[1,3]-sigmatropic shift examples verify the new cascade rearrangement. In addition, computational and experimental studies indicate that water molecule assists the proton shift during the isomerization. The combined methods provide the new insight into the mechanism of the thermal formal [1,3]-migration in the Claisen rearrangement and the novel O[1,3]-sigmatropic shift as well.
Cyanation of arenes via iridium-catalyzed borylation
Liskey, Carl W.,Liao, Xuebin,Hartwig, John F.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 11389 - 11391 (2010/10/01)
We report a method to conduct one-pot meta cyanation of arenes by iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation and copper-mediated cyanation of the resulting arylboronate esters. This process relies on a method to conduct the cyanation of arylboronic esters, and conditions for this new transformation are reported. Conditions for the copper-mediated cyanation of arylboronic acids are also reported. By the resulting sequence of borylation and cyanation, 1,3-disubstituted and 1,2,3-trisubstituted arenes and heteroarenes containing halide, ketone, ester, amide, and protected alcohol functionalities are converted to the corresponding meta-substituted aryl nitriles. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated through the conversion of a protected 2,6-disubstituted phenol to 4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenol, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of the pharmaceutical etravirine. The utility of the method is further demonstrated by the conversion of 3-chloro-5-methylbenzonitrile, produced through the one-pot C-H borylation and cyanation sequence, to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted aldehydes, ketones, amides, carboxylic acids, tetrazoles, and benzylamines.
Increasing the scope of palladium-catalyzed cyanations of aryl chlorides
Schareina, Thomas,Jackstell, Ralf,Schulz, Thomas,Zapf, Alexander,Cotte, Alain,Gotta, Matthias,Beller, Matthias
experimental part, p. 643 - 648 (2009/11/30)
An improved protocol for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of electron-rich aryl chlorides with potassium ferrocyanide [K4[Fe(CN)6]] is presented. Compared to previous procedures the substrate scope is significantly broadened.
Method and compositions for identifying anti-HIV therapeutic compounds
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, (2008/06/13)
Methods are provided for identifying anti-HIV therapeutic compounds substituted with carboxyl ester or phosphonate ester groups. Libraries of such compounds are screened optionally using the novel enzyme GS-7340 Ester Hydrolase. Compositions and methods relating to GS-7340 Ester Hydrolase also are provided.
Method and compositions for identifying anti-HIV therapeutic compounds
-
, (2008/06/13)
Methods are provided for identifying anti-HIV therapeutic compounds substituted with carboxyl ester or phosphonate ester groups. Libraries of such compounds are screened optionally using the novel enzyme GS-7340 Ester Hydrolase. Compositions and methods relating to GS-7340 Ester Hydrolase also are provided.
Tetrazole compounds as thyroid receptor ligands
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to tetrazole compounds of Formula I, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the prodrugs. The invention also relates to compositions comprising the tetrazole compounds and to methods of treating obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, depression, glaucoma, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and osteoporosis using the tetrazole compounds.
