4525-46-6Relevant articles and documents
Insight into the Alkaline Stability of N-Heterocyclic Ammonium Groups for Anion-Exchange Polyelectrolytes
Chen, Nanjun,Fan, Jiantao,Hu, Chuan,Jin, Yiqi,Lee, Young Moo,Li, Hui,Liu, Haijun,Wu, Bo,Xu, Shaoyi
supporting information, p. 19272 - 19280 (2021/07/25)
The alkaline stability of N-heterocyclic ammonium (NHA) groups is a critical topic in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we report a systematic study on the alkaline stability of 24 representative NHA groups at different hydration numbers (λ) at 80 °C. The results elucidate that γ-substituted NHAs containing electron-donating groups display superior alkaline stability, while electron-withdrawing substituents are detrimental to durable NHAs. Density-functional-theory calculations and experimental results suggest that nucleophilic substitution is the dominant degradation pathway in NHAs, while Hofmann elimination is the primary degradation pathway for NHA-based AEMs. Different degradation pathways determine the alkaline stability of NHAs or NHA-based AEMs. AEMFC durability (from 1 A cm?2 to 3 A cm?2) suggests that NHA-based AEMs are mainly subjected to Hofmann elimination under 1 A cm?2 current density for 1000 h, providing insights into the relationship between current density, λ value, and durability of NHA-based AEMs.
A general and practical sulfonylation of benzylic ammonium salts with sulfonyl hydrazides for the synthesis of sulfones
Zhu, Haibo,Zhang, Yingying,Liu, Yishuai,Yang, Liu,Xie, Zongbo,Jiang, Guofang,Le, Zhang-Gao
supporting information, (2020/05/06)
A practical and efficient approach adopting transition-metal-free cross-coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides with benzyl ammonium salts has been developed to synthesize benzyl sulfones using Cs2CO3 as base under mild conditions. The protocol employs stable and easy to handle coupling partners, and is endowed with good substrate compatibility, leading to functional benzyl sulfones in good yields.
Mechanism of the Stevens rearrangement of ammonium ylides
Maeda, Yasuhiro,Sato, Yoshiro
, p. 1491 - 1493 (2007/10/03)
Isomerization of trimethylammonium N-benzylide 2 failed to occur at room temperature in a non-basic medium (HMPA) or at -78°C in the presence of butyllithium in THF. However, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylethylamine 4 (Stevens rearrangement product) was formed when the temperature of the latter reaction was raised to room temperature. The mechanism of the Stevens rearrangement is discussed.