463-57-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films prepared through a treatment with geminal diols or amphiphilic fluoro compounds
Xia, Yijie,Ouyang, Jianyong
, p. 1785 - 1792,8 (2012)
Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films with high conductivity can have important application as the transparent electrode of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we report the significant conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS through a treatment with germinal diols which have two hydroxyl groups connected to one carbon atom or amphiphilic fluoro compounds which have hydrophobic fluorocarbon groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl or carboxylic groups. Several compounds, including hexafluoroacetone, cyclohexanehexone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and perfluorobenzophenone, which could convert into geminal diols, were used to treat PEDOT:PSS films. The conductivity enhancements are generally consistent with the equilibrium constants for the conversion of these compounds into geminal diols. PEDOT:PSS films were also treated with several amphiphilic fluoro compounds. The conductivity was significantly enhanced when PEDOT:PSS films were treated with hexafluoroisopropanol, trifluoroacetic acid and heptafluorobutyric acid, while it hardly changed when they were treated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Conductivities of more than 1000 S cm-1 were observed on the treated PEDOT:PSS films. The mechanism for the conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS through the treatment with geminal diols or amphiphilic fluoro compounds is attributed to the phase segregation of PSSH from PEDOT:PSS and conformational change of the PEDOT chains as the results of the compounds-induced reduction in the Coulombic attraction between the positively charged PEDOT and negatively charged PSS chains.
Methanol production from methane in lithium-doped argon matrices by photoassisted, dissociative electron attachment to N2O
Parnis,Hoover,Pedersen,Patterson
, p. 13528 - 13536 (1995)
Photolytic generation of methanol from methane in Ar matrices containing Li and N2O is proposed to occur via a UV-light-induced electron transfer from Li to N2O to form N2O-. A weak ground-state interaction between Li and N2O is suggested by the observation of a Li-N2O complex which decays rapidly during the initial stages of the reaction. N2O- is believed to decompose spontaneously or, following photo-excitation, to form N2 and O-. The O- thus formed, or O(1D) produced via photodetachment from O-, then reacts with methane to form methanol. An electron is believed to be transferred to a nearby Li+ ion in the process, thereby regenerating the initial electron donor and allowing significant amounts of N2O to be consumed, despite the limited amount of Li available in the matrix. Formation of the formaldehyde/water complex during the latter stages of the reaction occurs as a result of secondary reactions of methanol with O- or O(1D). The wavelength cutoff of 350-400 nm for the process is in reasonable accord with the predicted threshold for formation of a Li+/N2O- ion pair in an Ar matrix. The unusual dependence of the rate of methanol production, in irradiation time, with N2O concentration in the matrix is interpreted as arising from a reversible, redundant electron transfer from Li to N2O. This is believed to occur when there is an absence of significant stabilization from Ar polarization interactions, due to the ions being formed in too close proximity.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Photooxidation of Formaldehyde. 1. Flash Photolysis Study
Veyret, Bernard,Lesclaux, Robert,Rayez, Marie-Therese,Rayez, Jean-Claude
, p. 2368 - 2374 (1989)
Transient species in the photooxidation of formaldehyde in air have been investigated by using the technique of flash photolysis kinetic spectroscopy.The absorption spectrum attributed to the HOCH2O2 radical was observed with a maximum near 230 nm.This radical is formed by the reaction HO2+HCHOHOCH2O2 (1,-1).The rate constants were measured for the two reactions: k1=7.7E-15*exp cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k-1=2.0E12*exp s-1.The equilibrium constant is K1*=3.85E-27*exp(7625/T) cm3 molecule-1, which corresponds to a reaction enthalphy ΔH10=-16.25+/-0.30 kcal mol-1,which is based on the Kp value and quantum calculations of ΔS00 and therefore determined accurately.Kinetic measurements performed under various experimental conditions allowed determinations of the rate constants for the reactions HO2+HOCH2O2products (3) and 2HOCH2O2>O2+CH2(OH)2+HCOOH (4b); k3=5.6E-15*exp; k4b=5.65E-14*exp cm3 molecule-1 s-1.The branching ratios for k3 and k4 were determined in separate experiments described in part 2 of this work.
Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal formation of carbon-carbon bond in glycolic acid from a series of formaldehyde producers
Morooka, Saiko,Wakai, Chihiro,Matubayasi, Nobuyuki,Nakahara, Masaru
, p. 624 - 625 (2004)
The acid-catalyzed hydrothermal reaction is reported which forms a new carbon-carbon bond in the hydroxy carboxylic acid. It is found that glycolic acid is produced from formaldehyde in hot water at 225°C with HCl. This reaction is a chemical evolution process from a C1 compound to a C2, and does not proceed in the absence of acid. A reaction of 0.3 M (mol/dm3) of formaldehyde with the double amount of HCl yielded 60% of the maximum possible amount.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Photooxidation of Formaldehyde. 2. Molecular Modulation Studies.
Burrows, J. P.,Moortgat, G. K.,Tyndall, G. S.,Cox, R. A.,Jenkin, M. E.,et al.
, p. 2375 - 2382 (1989)
Transient species in the photooxidation of formaldehyde in air have been investigated by using the technique of modulated photolysis-long path kinetic spectroscopy.A transient absorption spectrum consisting of a broad band with a maximum near 230 nm was obseved, which is attributed to the HOCH2O2 radical formed by the reaction HO2+HCHOHOCH2O2 (1).The equilibrium constant, K1* was estimated from these measurements of the HOCH2O2 radical together with measurements of HO2 obtained with diode laser infrared absorption spectroscopy:K1*=4.0(+4.0,-2.0)E-16 cm3 molecule-1 at 298 K.Kinetic measurement of the two radicals allowed determination of the rate coefficients at 298 K for the following reactions: HOCH2+HO2products (3), k3=(1.2+/-0.3)E-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1; 2HOCH2O2HCOOH+CH2(OH)2+O2 (4b), k4b=(5.6+/-2.8)E-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1.The alternative pathway, 2HOCH2O22HOCH2O+O2 (4a), followed by HOCH2O+O2 leads to the chain generation of formic acid.The rate coefficient for reaction 4a, k4a=(5.5+/-1.1)E-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, was determined from the yields of formic acid.
Carbon-carbon bond formation in glycolic acid generated spontaneously from dichloromethane in hot water
Wakai, Chihiro,Morooka, Saiko,Matubayasi, Nobuyuki,Nakahara, Masaru
, p. 302 - 303 (2004)
Hydrothermal reaction of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) at 1 mol/dm3 leads to the formation of glycolic acid without metal catalysts at temperatures of 200-250°C. The reaction consists of three steps. First CH2Cl
AEROBIC ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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Paragraph 0074, (2022/01/04)
This invention is directed to a method of oxygenating hydrocarbons with molecular oxygen, O2, as oxidant under electrochemical reducing conditions, using polyoxometalate compounds containing copper such as Q10 [Gu4(H2O)2(B-α-PW9O)2] or Q12{ [Cu(H2O)]3[(A-α- PW9O34)2(NO3)-] } or solvates thereof as catalysts, wherein Q are each independently selected from alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, transition metal cations, NH4+,H+ or any combination thereof.
Evaluation of Organic Hydride Donors as Reagents for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Metal-Bound Formates
Elton, Timothy E.,Ball, Graham E.,Bhadbhade, Mohan,Field, Leslie D.,Colbran, Stephen B.
supporting information, p. 3972 - 3982 (2018/11/23)
A variety of organic hydride donors (OHDs) have been tested as reagents for the transfer of hydride to iron formato complexes in the activation and reduction of carbon dioxide. Theoretical calculations show that the selection of OHD and solvent is crucial when planning systems involving OHD cooperativity. Strong consideration is given to the likelihood that metal centers may deactivate formate to hydride attack, since, in general, the formate group has more resonance stabilization energy when complexed to a metal center compared to an organoformate or formic acid. It is experimentally demonstrated that 1,2-dihydropyridine is not a competent reducing agent for carbon dioxide.
Initial Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation during the Early Stages of the Methanol-to-Olefin Process Proven by Zeolite-Trapped Acetate and Methyl Acetate
Chowdhury, Abhishek Dutta,Houben, Klaartje,Whiting, Gareth T.,Mokhtar, Mohamed,Asiri, Abdullah M.,Al-Thabaiti, Shaeel A.,Basahel, Suliman N.,Baldus, Marc,Weckhuysen, Bert M.
supporting information, p. 15840 - 15845 (2016/12/16)
Methanol-to-olefin (MTO) catalysis is a very active field of research because there is a wide variety of sometimes conflicting mechanistic proposals. An example is the ongoing discussion on the initial C?C bond formation from methanol during the induction period of the MTO process. By employing a combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy with UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry on an active H-SAPO-34 catalyst, we provide spectroscopic evidence for the formation of surface acetate and methyl acetate, as well as dimethoxymethane during the MTO process. As a consequence, new insights in the formation of the first C?C bond are provided, suggesting a direct mechanism may be operative, at least in the early stages of the MTO reaction.
Highly Active Subnanometer Au Particles Supported on TiO2 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from a Well-Defined Organogold Precursor, [Au5(mesityl)5]
Siddiqi, Georges,Mougel, Victor,Copéret, Christophe
supporting information, p. 4026 - 4033 (2016/05/19)
A highly efficient H2 evolution photocatalyst based on TiO2 supported subnanometer Au particles was developed on the basis of the reaction of a gold(I) molecular precursor [Au5Mes5] (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), with titanium dioxide partially dehydroxylated at 120 °C. IR, UV-vis, elemental analysis, XANES, and STEM-EDX show that the deposition of [Au5Mes5] onto TiO2 leads to the formation of both subnanometer Au particles and chemisorbed [Au5Mes5]. The remaining organic ligands are removed via a mild treatment under H2, yielding subnanometer gold(0) particles. A range of Au loadings (0.3, 0.9, 2.4 wt %) with similar particle sizes (2 are obtained and tested in methanol-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen production under UV light. These catalysts display significantly higher activity than a commercial reference Au-TiO2 catalyst. The presence of chemisorbed [Au5Mes5] in the as-synthesized catalyst further improved activity, albeit at the expense of stability. This work demonstrates a simple synthetic route to obtain subnanometer Au particles on TiO2 that display exceptional activity in photocatalysis.
