467-63-0Relevant articles and documents
"Catalytic" Effects of Electrically Charged Polymer Latices on Interionic Reactions
Ishiwatari, Tsutomu,Maruno, Tohru,Okubo, Masayoshi,Okubo, Tsuneo,Ise, Norio
, p. 47 - 50 (1981)
Anionic latices, copolymers of styrene (St) and acrylic acid (AA), were sythesized, and their "catalytic" influences on interionic reactions between oppositely charged species, i.e., reaction between Co(NH3)5Br2+ and OH- and between crystal violet and OH-, were studied.The latices retarded the reactions, as was the case with anionic macroions.For the former reaction, the latices of higher AA content demonstrated greater retarding effects, indicating that the electrostatic interaction is important.For the latter reaction, on the other hand, there was no difference in the retarding effects of the latices, which implies that the hydrophobic interaction of the latices with the reactant ions plays a more important role than the electrostatic interaction.The activation parameters including the volume of activation were discussed in terms of these interactions.The "catalytic" influences of the latices and linear polymers (sodium polyacrylate and poly(styrenesulfonate)) were also compared.
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Eisenack
, p. 430 (1938)
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Chen,Laidler
, p. 599,605, 606 (1959)
Kinetics of fading of some triphenylmethane dyes: Effects of electric charge, substituent, and aqueous binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and 2-propanol
Samiey,Dalvand
, p. 60 - 70 (2014)
The rate constants of alkaline fading of a number of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes including methyl green (ME2+), brilliant green (BG +), fuchsin acid (FA2-), and bromophenol blue (BPB 2-) were obtained in aqueous binary mixtures of 2-propanol (protic solvent) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (aprotic solvent) at different temperatures. It was observed that the reaction rate constants of BG+ and ME2+ increased and those of FA2- and BPB2- decreased with an increase in weight percentages of aqueous 2-propanol and DMSO binary mixtures. 2-Propanol and DMSO interact with the used TPM molecules through hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interaction, respectively, in addition to their hydrophobic interaction with TPM dyes. The fundamental rate constants of a fading reaction in these solutions were obtained by the SESMORTAC model. Also, the effect of electric charge and substituent groups of a number of TPM dyes on their alkaline fading rate was studied.
Micellar rate effects in the alkaline fading of crystal violet in the presence of various surfactants
Roshchyna, Kateryna V.,Eltsov, Sergey V.,Laguta, Anna N.,McHedlov-Petrossyan, Nikolay O.
, p. 77 - 82 (2015)
The influence of surfactants of various types (nonionic, cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic) on the rate of reaction of the crystal violet, cationic triphenylmethane dye, with the hydroxide ion in unbuffered aqueous solutions was studied using the spectrophotometric method. It was found that the values of the rate constants increase in the presence of the cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, and decrease on the addition of the anionic surfactant at concentrations both below and above the CMC. The variation of the rate constants along with the change in the concentration of the surfactants may be explained on the basis of conception about distribution of the reagents between aqueous and micellar phases and the changing of their properties depending on local microenvironment. The character of the salt effects upon the rate constants was explained. It was revealed, that the Piszkiewicz's model of micellar catalysis is inapplicable even semi-quantitatively to the most of the examined systems.
Effect of Pressure on the Rate of Alkaline Fading of Triphenylmethane Dyes in Cationic Micelles
Taniguchi, Yoshihiro,Iguchi, Akira
, p. 6782 - 6786 (1983)
The rates of alkaline fading of triphenylmethane dyes in cationic micelles have been measured at pressures up to about 2 kbar and at 25 deg C in 0.1 M Tris buffer solution.These rates follow the kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten type.The volume changes for the incorporation of dyes in the micellar phase are 14-15 cm3/mol for ethyl violet and brilliant green and 3-4 cm3/mol for crystal violet and malachite green.It was confirmed that these differences are due to the hydrophobicity of dyes.The activation volumes for the fading reaction in micellar phases are positive except in the case of the crystal violet-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar system.However, the activation volumes in nonmicellar aqueous solutions are negative.The differences of the activation volumes between micellar and nonmicellar systems are discussed from the point of view of the general base catalysis, which contains both the water and hydroxide ion pathways.It was clear that micelles change the water control into hydroxide ion control.
General acid catalysis in benzoic acid-Crystal Violet carbinol base reactions in toluene
Gupta, Susanta K. Sen,Mishra, Sangeeta,Rani, V. Radha,Arvind, Udai
, p. 570 - 576 (2012)
Kinetics of benzoic acid-dye carbinol base reactions in an apolar aprotic solvent exhibit a complex dependence on the concentration of the acid, indicating the occurrence of general acid catalysis, the acid playing the dual role of the substrate and the catalyst. The complex kinetic behavior observed for 23 ortho- and meta-substituted benzoic acids has been traced to overlapping participations of the monomer acid, hyperacidic open chain homoconjugated complex (dimeric and trimeric) acids, and nonreactive cyclic dimer and trimer acids. It has been found that although the degree of proton transfer in the transition state is 50-60% when the acid acts exclusively in the monomeric form, it gets enhanced to as high as more than 90% when the role of homoconjugated complex acids is taken into consideration.
Applicability of positive cooperativity model in surfactant mediated Chemical reaction
London Singh,Srivastava,Singh, Amita,Niraj Luwang
experimental part, p. 2704 - 2710 (2010/11/04)
Reaction of crystal violet carbonium ion with hydroxide has been investigated in micellar media under pseudo-first order condition. The reaction is strongly catalyzed in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle, but is inhibited in presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelle. This can be explained by considering both the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions which are simultaneously operating in the reaction system. Quantitative analysis of the micellar data obtained is done by applying positive cooperativity model of enzyme catalysis. Presences of counter ions on the reaction system further inhibit the reaction rates. Thermodynamic activation parameters and binding constants have also been evaluated.
