603-48-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Mechanism of dye bleaching upon laser excitation of crystal violet bound to bovine serum albumin
Indig, Guilherme L.
, p. 243 - 244 (1997)
The laser induced photobleaching of crystal violet non-covalently bound to bovine serum albumin yields leuco crystal violet and Michler's ketone as reaction products. The first step of the bleaching process is postulated to be an electron or hydrogen atom transfer from the protein to the dye moiety.
Spectrofluorimetric Hydrodynamic Voltammetry: The Investigation of Electrode Reaction Mechanisms
Compton, Richard G.,Wllington, R. Geoffrey
, p. 270 - 273 (1994)
Spectrofluorimetric hydrodynamic voltammetry (SFV) is used to study the electroreduction of crystal violet in acetonitrile solution.The SFV technique is shown to have high sensitivity and to complement conventional electrochemical experiments through its identification of leucocrystal violet as an electrolysis product generated in low concentration in addition to the radical species formed as a one-electron adduct of the parent compound and previously thought to be produced exclusively.Mechanistic SFV studies show that the leucocrystal violet is formed via an EC process for which kinetic parameters are reported.
PHOTOREDUCTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET IN ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL. MECHANISMS INVOLVING A LEUCO ETHER DERIVATIVE AND DYE ION PAIRS
Jones, Guilford,Goswami, Kisholoy
, p. 5414 - 5419 (1986)
The photoreduction of crystal violet (CV+) has been studied as a function of excitation wavelenght and the nature of halide counterions in 90 percent isopropyl alcohol (IPA).The dye photobleaches upon excitation in the UV (283 nm) (but not in the visible) and on the selection of chloride and bromide (but not iodide) counterions.Leuco dye (CVH), acetone, and hydrogen ion are the products of photolysis.The presence of a leuco ether (CVOR) in equilibrium with CV+ in alcohol solution was confirmed by equilibration studies.The leuco ether and CV+ (with excess halide) werre subjected to laser flash photolysis (283-nm excitatiom).The transient radical, CV., was observed, consistent with homolytic cleavage of the leuco ether or with photoinduced electron transfer within a CV+X- ion pair involving an upper excited singlet state of CV+.The ion pair of CV+I- gave rise to a new absorption band on addition band of excess iodide; an ion-pair formation constant could be calculated (Kip= 30 M-1).Photoinduced (reversible) electron transfer for CV+I- was observed by flash photolysis (355-nm excitation), and the decay rates for recombination of CV. and I2.- radicals were obtained.Mechanisms of dye photoreduction-alcohol oxidation are propsed to involve hydrogen abstraction from solvent by halogen atoms (photogenerated from ion pairs) or indirectly via homolytic ether cleavage.The pathways of homolytic vs. heterolytic cleavage of CVOR in IPA were inspected by using the laser flash technique.Relevance of the mechanisms of leuco ether cleavage and ion-pair eklectron transfer to the general problem of dye photodegradation is emphasized.
Synthesis of symmetric triarylmethane derivatives catalyzed by AIL ionic liquid
Kang, Li Q.,Gao, Han,Cai, Yue Q.
, p. 57 - 62 (2017/12/06)
Abstract: An efficient, eco-friendly ionic liquid was described for the synthesis of symmetric triarylmethane derivatives via Baeyer condensation of N,N-dimethylaniline with different active aromatic aldehyde compounds using amide ionic liquid as a catalyst. The syntheses were achieved for the first time using amide ionic liquid as a catalyst eliminating the need for a volatile organic solvent. The advantages of this ionic liquid are low cost and operational simplicity.
Organic ligands incorporated hypercrosslinked microporous organic nanotube frameworks for accelerating mass transfer in efficient heterogeneous catalysis
Xu, Yang,Wang, Tianqi,He, Zidong,Zhou, Minghong,Yu, Wei,Shi, Buying,Huang, Kun
, p. 112 - 119 (2017/05/18)
Microporous organic polymers (MOP) usually have dominated micropores smaller than 2?nm, which may restrict their performance in the mass transfer processes. Adding mesopores into microporous materials to form hierarchical structure has been recognized as a promising route to eliminate their transport limitations and further improve their value in applications. Here we report a straightforward method for the synthesis of organic ligands incorporated hypercrosslinked microporous organic nanotube frameworks (O-HMONFs) via Friedel-Crafts hyper-crosslinking reaction of small aromatic organic ligands with core-shell bottlebrush copolymers as platforms for heterogeneous catalysts. In particular, because of the mesopores produced by the core degradation, O-HMONFs-based catalysts showed more comparable activities than the corresponding disordered MOP-based catalyst and homogeneous molecular catalyst under similar conditions. More importantly, this method might be suitable for various aromatic organic ligands and could be used as a general approach to produce a variety of functional microporous organic nanotube frameworks.
Redox inactive metal ion triggered N-dealkylation by an iron catalyst with dioxygen activation: A lesson from lipoxygenases
Zhang, Jisheng,Wang, Yujuan,Luo, Nengchao,Chen, Zhuqi,Wu, Kangbing,Yin, Guochuan
, p. 9847 - 9859 (2015/06/08)
Utilization of dioxygen as the terminal oxidant at ambient temperature is always a challenge in redox chemistry, because it is hard to oxidize a stable redox metal ion like iron(iii) to its high oxidation state to initialize the catalytic cycle. Inspired by the dioxygenation and co-oxidase activity of lipoxygenases, herein, we introduce an alternative protocol to activate the sluggish iron(iii) species with non-redox metal ions, which can promote its oxidizing power to facilitate substrate oxidation with dioxygen, thus initializing the catalytic cycle. In oxidations of N,N-dimethylaniline and its analogues, adding Zn(OTf)2 to the [Fe(TPA)Cl2]Cl catalyst can trigger the amine oxidation with dioxygen, whereas [Fe(TPA)Cl2]Cl alone is very sluggish. In stoichiometric oxidations, it has also been confirmed that the presence of Zn(OTf)2 can apparently improve the electron transfer capability of the [Fe(TPA)Cl2]Cl complex. Experiments using different types of substrates as trapping reagents disclosed that the iron(iv) species does not occur in the catalytic cycle, suggesting that oxidation of amines is initialized by electron transfer rather than hydrogen abstraction. Combined experiments from UV-Vis, high resolution mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, EPR and oxidation kinetics support that the improved electron transfer ability of iron(iii) species originates from its interaction with added Lewis acids like Zn2+ through a plausible chloride or OTf- bridge, which has promoted the redox potential of iron(iii) species. The amine oxidation mechanism was also discussed based on the available data, which resembles the co-oxidase activity of lipoxygenases in oxidative dealkylation of xenobiotic metabolisms where an external electron donor is not essential for dioxygen activation.
Solvent-free synthesis of 4,4-diaminotriarylmethanes-leuco malachite materials in the presence of FePO4
Behbahani, Farahnaz K.,Khademloo, Elham
, p. 1507 - 1510 (2015/02/05)
A fast, efficient and versatile route for the synthesis of 4,4-diaminotriarylmethanes is reported using N,N-dimethyl aniline and aryl aldehydes in presence of FePO4 under solvent-free condition at 100°C.
Towards a comprehensive hydride donor ability scale
Horn, Markus,Schappele, Ludwig H.,Lang-Wittkowski, Gabriele,Mayr, Herbert,Ofial, Armin R.
supporting information, p. 249 - 263 (2013/02/25)
Rates of hydride transfer from several hydride donors to benzhydrylium ions have been measured at 20 °C and used for the determination of empirical nucleophilicity parameters N and sN according to the linear free energy relationship log k20 °C=sN(N+E). Comparison of the rate constants of hydride abstraction by tritylium ions with those calculated from the reactivity parameters sN, N, and E showed fair agreement. Therefore, it was possible to convert the large number of literature data on hydride abstraction by tritylium ions into N and sN parameters for the corresponding hydride donors, and construct a reactivity scale for hydride donors covering more than 20 orders of magnitude.
Halogen-free room-temperature bronsted acidic ionic liquid [Hmim]+ HSO4- as a recyclable green "dual reagent" catalysis for the synthesis of triarylmethanes (TRAM s) ;
Mukhopadhyay, Chhanda,Datta, Arup,Tapaswi, Pradip Kumar
experimental part, p. 2453 - 2463 (2012/06/29)
The halogen-free Brnsted acidic ionic liquid methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]+ HSO4-) acts as a very efficient catalyst for the one-pot, two-component Baeyer condensation of a variety of aromatic aldehydes with dimethyl or diethyl aniline at room temperature. This green reagent behaves as both catalyst and solvent; that is, it exhibits dual-reagent catalysis. The room-temperature acidic ionic liquid could be recycled several times with almost no loss in the yield of the reaction. This is the first report of the Baeyer synthesis with a halogen-free ionic liquid.
SbCl3-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 4,4′-diamino- triarylmethanes under solvent-free conditions: Synthesis, characterization, and DFT studies
Bardajee, Ghasem Rezanejade
experimental part, p. 135 - 144 (2011/05/16)
A simple, efficient, and mild procedure for a solvent-free one-step synthesis of various 4,4′-diaminotriarylmethane derivatives in the presence of antimony trichloride as catalyst is described. Triarylmethane derivatives were prepared in good to excellent yields and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The structural and vibrational analysis were investigated by performing theoretical calculations at the HF and DFT levels of theory by standard 6-31Gs *, 6-31G*/B3LYP, and B3LYP/cc-pVDZ methods and good agreement was obtained between experimental and theoretical results.
