46734-13-8

Upstream product

• 64-18-6 formic acid 
• 129-73-7 bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phenylmethane 
• 141-53-7 sodium formate 
• 510-13-4 1,1-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-phenyl-methanol 
• 13541-33-8 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl methyl ether 
• 857005-73-3 2-(4-dimethylamino-benzyl)-benzoic acid 
• 3204-68-0 benzyldimethylphenylammonium chloride 
• 29546-14-3 4-((1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline 
• 100-58-3 phenylmagnesium bromide 
• 825-85-4 N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine N-oxide 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 7494-77-1 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl(phenyl)methanol 
• 586-77-6 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline 
• 62673-31-8 benzyl(bromo)zinc 

Downstream Products

• 101-81-5 Diphenylmethane 
• 613-42-3 4-benzylbiphenyl 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl 2-Pyridyl Ethers with Organozinc Reagents: Removal of the Directing Group via Cleavage of the Carbon-Oxygen Bonds

Reaction of aryl 2-pyridyl ethers with arylzinc reagents under catalysis of NiCl2(PCy3)2 affords aryl-aryl cross-coupling products via selective cleavage of CAr-OPy bonds. The reaction features a wide substrate range and good compatibility of functional groups. β-H-free alkylzinc reagents are also applicable as the nucleophiles in the transformation, whereas β-H-containing alkylzinc reagents lead to a mixture of cross-coupling and hydrogenation products.

Iridium-Catalysed Reductive Deoxygenation of Ketones with Formic Acid as Traceless Hydride Donor

An iridium-catalysed deoxygenation of ketones and aldehydes is achieved, with formic acid as hydride donor and water as co-solvent. At low catalyst loading, a number of 4-(N,N-disubstituted amino) aryl ketones are readily deoxygenated in excellent yields and chemoselectivity. Numerous functional groups, especially phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyls, secondary amine, carboxylic acid, and alkyl chloride, are well tolerable. Geminally dideuterated alkanes are obtained with up to 90% D incorporation, when DCO2D and D2O are used in place of their hydrogenative counterparts. The activating 4-(N,N-disubstituted amino)aryl groups have been demonstrated to undergo a variety of useful transformations. The deoxygenative deuterations have been used to prepare a deuterated drug molecule Chlorambucil-4,4-d2. (Figure presented.).

Catalytic reduction of aryl trialkylammonium salts to aryl silanes and arenes

A new approach for the reduction of aryl ammonium salts to arenes or aryl silanes using nickel catalysis is reported. This method displays excellent ligand-controlled selectivity based on the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand employed. Utilizing a large NHC in non-polar solvents generates aryl silanes, while small NHCs in polar solvents promote reduction to arenes. Several classes of aryl silanes can be accessed from simple aniline building blocks, including those useful for cross-couplings, oxidations, and halogenations. The reaction conditions are mild, functional group tolerant, and provide efficient access to a variety of benzene derivatives.

Super electron donor-mediated reductive desulfurization reactions

The desulfurization of thioacetals and thioethers by a pyridine-derived electron donor is described. This methodology provides efficient access to the reduced products in high yields and does not require the use of transition-metals, elemental alkali-metals, or hydrogen atom donors.

Iridium-Catalyzed Highly Efficient and Site-Selective Deoxygenation of Alcohols

An iridium-catalyzed, highly efficient, and site-selective deoxygenation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols has been realized, under the assistance of a 4-(N-substituted amino)aryl directing group. Only the hydroxyl adjacent to the directing group can be deoxygenated. The deoxygenation is performed in water, with formic acid as both the promoter and hydride donor. Excellent yields and functionality tolerance, as well as high efficiency (S/C up to 1000 000, TOF up to 445 000 h-1), are obtained. The kinetic isotope effect studies show that hydride formation is the rate-determining step, and the deoxygenation follows an SN1-type pathway. The deoxygenation protocol has been demonstrated useful in the structural modification of naturally occurring ketones and steroids.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Benzyl Alcohols and Aryl Halides Assisted by Titanium Co-reductant

A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reaction between benzyl alcohols and aryl halides has been developed using a homolytic C-O bond cleavage protocol that has recently been established. The treatment of a benzyl alcohol and aryl halide with a nickel catalyst and low-valent titanium reagent generated from TiCl4(lutidine) (lutidine = 2,6-lutidine) and manganese powder afforded the cross-coupled product in high yield. A mechanistic study indicated the intermediacy of the benzyl radicals that originate from the benzyl alcohols.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling Between Benzyl Chlorides and Aryl Halides

A new protocol for the direct reductive cobalt-catalyzed arylation of benzyl chlorides has been developed in order to form functionalized diarylmethanes. A variety of reactive groups either on the aryl or the benzyl halide was employed. This represents the first cobalt-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling which does not require any ligand and pyridine. A reaction pathway is proposed involving a radical benzyl species. (Figure presented.).

Synthesis of Ni(II) complexes with unsymmetric [O,N,O′]-pincer ligands and their use as precatalysts in carbon-carbon bond formations to access diarylmethanes

1-Acetyl-[1a,3,5-CF3,1-C(=O)CH3] and 1-benzoyl-5-hydroxypyrazolines [1b, 3,5-CF3, 1-C(=O)C 6H5] have been synthesized and reacted with Ni(OAc) 2·4H2O in the presence of PPh3 to form square planar nickel complexes, which revealed a O,N,O′-coordination. An additional coordination site on the nickel center is occupied by one triphenylphosphane ligand. After having investigated the properties of the complexes, catalytic experiments have been carried out to synthesize diarylmethanes. Applying the complexes in the nickel-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross coupling of aryl halides with benzylzinc bromide excellent yields and selectivities of the corresponding diarylmethane have been obtained. Moreover, various experiments have been performed to shed light on the underlying reaction mechanism.

Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of (ArCH2)Ti(O-i-Pr) 3 with aromatic or heteroaromatic bromides

Three benzyltitanium compounds of (ArCH2)Ti(O-i-Pr)3 (Ar = Ph (1a), 4-MeOC6H4 (1b), 4-FC6H 4 (1c)) were prepared and used as benzyl nucleophiles for coupling reactions with aromatic or heteroaromatic bromides. The simple catalytic system of 1 mol % Pd(OAc)2 and 2 mol % PCy3 worked efficiently for a wide variety of aromatic bromides, producing diarylmethanes in good to excellent yields of up to 96%. Coupling reactions of hindered aromatic bromides or aromatic bromides containing electron-withdrawing substituents were slower over longer reaction times of 3-6 h. Reactions of heteroaromatic bromides of bromopyridines, bromofurans, or bromothiophenes with benzyl reagents of 1a or 1b required either longer reaction times of 12-24 h or a higher reaction temperature of 80 °C, producing pyridyl-, furyl-, and thienyl-arylmethanes in moderate yields.

Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of acid-catalyzed disproportionation of dialkyl diarylmethyl ethers: A combined experimental and theoretical study

The disproportionation reactions of various dialkyl diarylmethyl ethers have been carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount (10 mol-%) of o-benzenedisulfonimide as a Bronsted acid catalyst; the reaction conditions were mild, and the yields of the diarylmethane target products were good. The catalyst was easily recovered and purified, ready to be used in further reactions. The theoretical study confirmed that the reaction proceeds in two steps: The formation of a carbocation from the protonated ether followed by hydride transfer. Although the hydride transfer is the rate-determining step, it is the stability of the carbocation that determines the reaction rate and therefore the yields.