4916-82-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Titanium and Cobalt Bimetallic Radical Redox Relay for the Isomerization of N -Bz Aziridines to Allylic Amides
Wood, Devin P.,Guan, Weiyang,Lin, Song
supporting information, p. 4213 - 4220 (2021/08/10)
Herein a bimetallic radical redox-relay strategy is employed to generate alkyl radicals under mild conditions with titanium(III) catalysis and terminated via hydrogen atom transfer with cobalt(II) catalysis to enact base-free isomerizations of N-Bz aziridines to N-Bz allylic amides. This reaction provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of allylic amides from alkenes via a three-step sequence to accomplish a formal transpositional allylic amination.
Palladium-Catalyzed β-Mesylation of Simple Amide via Primary sp3 C-H Activation
Zhao, Ren,Lu, Wenjun
supporting information, p. 1768 - 1771 (2017/04/11)
A β-mesylation of primary sp3 C-H bonds from simple amides with methanesulfonic anhydride (Ms2O) has been established successfully at 80 °C in a Pd(OAc)2 (catalyst)/K2S2O8 (oxidant)/CF3CH2OH (solvent) system. These amide substrates involve N-monosubstituted linear, branch, or cyclic alkanes, and electron-deficient benzyl compounds. The β-mesylated amide products can be converted easily to β-fluoroamides or β-lactams through inter- or intramolecular SN2 processes.
Nickel-catalyzed transamidation of aliphatic amide derivatives
Dander, Jacob E.,Baker, Emma L.,Garg, Neil K.
, p. 6433 - 6438 (2017/08/29)
Transamidation, or the conversion of one amide to another, is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Although notable progress has been made in the transamidation of primary amides, the transamidation of secondary amides has remained underdeveloped, especially when considering aliphatic substrates. Herein, we report a two-step approach to achieve the transamidation of secondary aliphatic amides, which relies on non-precious metal catalysis. The method involves initial Boc-functionalization of secondary amide substrates to weaken the amide C-N bond. Subsequent treatment with a nickel catalyst, in the presence of an appropriate amine coupling partner, then delivers the net transamidated products. The transformation proceeds in synthetically useful yields across a range of substrates. A series of competition experiments delineate selectivity patterns that should influence future synthetic design. Moreover, the transamidation of Boc-activated secondary amide derivatives bearing epimerizable stereocenters underscores the mildness and synthetic utility of this methodology. This study provides the most general solution to the classic problem of secondary amide transamidation reported to date.
One-pot synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles via the addition of hydrazides to activated secondary amides
Bechara, William S.,Khazhieva, Inna S.,Rodriguez, Elsa,Charette, André B.
supporting information, p. 1184 - 1187 (2015/03/14)
A general approach has been developed for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles from secondary amides and hydrazides via triflic anhydride activation followed by microwave-induced cyclodehydration. In addition, the 1,2,4-triazole moiety is shown to be a useful directing group for Ru-catalyzed C-H arylation. Access to 1,2,4-triazolophenanthridine can be achieved from the reaction products using a Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-H functionalization reaction.
Palladium-catalyzed β-acyloxylation of simple amide via sp3 C-H activation
Zhou, Lihong,Lu, Wenjun
supporting information, p. 508 - 511 (2014/04/03)
β-Acyloxy amides are prepared in moderate to high yields by palladium-catalyzed acyloxylation of primary sp3 C-H bonds from simple amides without any special directing group. A catalytic system of Pd(OAc)2/CF3CO2H/ K2S2O8 is available to various amides with N-substituted by linear alkanes, cyclic alkanes, and electron-deficient benzyl compounds in this reaction. Acyloxylated products could be transformed easily to the corresponding β-hydroxy amides.
Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation of amides with unactivated secondary alkyl halides at room temperature
Do, Hien-Quang,Bachman, Shoshana,Bissember, Alex C.,Peters, Jonas C.,Fu, Gregory C.
supporting information, p. 2162 - 2167 (2014/03/21)
The development of a mild and general method for the alkylation of amides with relatively unreactive alkyl halides (i.e., poor substrates for S N2 reactions) is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a versatile transition-metal-catalyzed approach: in particular, a photoinduced, copper-catalyzed monoalkylation of primary amides. A broad array of alkyl and aryl amides (as well as a lactam and a 2-oxazolidinone) couple with unactivated secondary (and hindered primary) alkyl bromides and iodides using a single set of comparatively simple and mild conditions: inexpensive CuI as the catalyst, no separate added ligand, and C-N bond formation at room temperature. The method is compatible with a variety of functional groups, such as an olefin, a carbamate, a thiophene, and a pyridine, and it has been applied to the synthesis of an opioid receptor antagonist. A range of mechanistic observations, including reactivity and stereochemical studies, are consistent with a coupling pathway that includes photoexcitation of a copper-amidate complex, followed by electron transfer to form an alkyl radical.
Catalytic hydrogenation of amides to amines under mild conditions
Stein, Mario,Breit, Bernhard
supporting information, p. 2231 - 2234 (2013/03/28)
Under (not so much) pressure: A general method for the hydrogenation of tertiary and secondary amides to amines with excellent selectivity using a bimetallic Pd-Re catalyst has been developed. The reaction proceeds under low pressure and comparatively low temperature. This method provides organic chemists with a simple and reliable tool for the synthesis of amines. Copyright
Indium-mediated mild and facile method for the synthesis of amides
Cho, Dae Hyan,Jang, Doo Ok
, p. 2285 - 2287 (2007/10/03)
Indium-mediated coupling reactions of acyl chlorides and amines for the synthesis of amide bonds are described. The reaction afforded high yields of the desired amides under mild and neutral conditions, and it was applicable also to the preparation of peptides without epimerization.
Facile Conversions of Carboxylic Acids into Amides, Esters, and Thioesters Using 1,1'-Oxalyldiimidazole and 1,1'-Oxalyldi(1,2,4-triazole)
Kitagawa, Tokujiro,Kuroda, Hiroko,Sasaki, Hideaki,Kawasaki, Koichi
, p. 4294 - 4301 (2007/10/02)
Aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids react with 1,1'-oxalyldiimidazole (1) or 1,1'-oxalyldi(1,2,4-triazole) (2) in acetonitrile for 40 min at 40 degC to give the corresponding 1-acylazole intermediates (11), which promptly undergo aminolysis and alcoholysis to form amides (13) including dipeptides (14), esters (16), and thioesters (19).These findings show that both 1 and 2 can be utilized as condensing reagents for the synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives.Keywords --- 1,1'-oxalyldiimidazole; 1,1'-oxalyldi(1,2,4-triazole); 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole; 1-acylazole; condensing reagent; amidation; esterification; dipeptide; aminolysis; alcoholysis
2-CHLORO-4,6-DISUBSTITUTED-1,3,5,-TRIAZINES A NOVEL GROUP OF CONDENSING REAGENTS
Kaminski, Zbigniew J.
, p. 2901 - 2904 (2007/10/02)
The title compounds form in reaction with carboxylic acids highly reactive intermediates, which are useful as acylating reagents in the preparation of esters, amides, acid anhydrides, and peptides in 64-98 percent yield.
