504-57-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Characterization of uranyl soaps by spectroscopic and thermal measurements
Mehrotra, K. N.,Sharma, Meera,Gahlaut, A. S.
, p. 310 - 312 (1988)
The infrared and visible spectrophotometric data of uranyl soaps showed that metal-oxygen bonds in uranyl soaps are not purely ionic but are partially covalent in character.The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the double-layer structure with molecular
PROCESS FOR THE DECARBOXYLATIVE KETONIZATION OF FATTY ACIDS OR FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES
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Paragraph 00160-00166, (2016/11/21)
A process for the decarboxylative ketonizationof fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives or mixtures thereof in the liquid phase with metal compounds as catalyst wherein the fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives or mixtures thereof are added sequentially.
Direct conversion of carboxylic acids (Cn) to alkenes (C2n - 1) over titanium oxide in absence of noble metals
Oliver-Tomas, Borja,Renz, Michael,Corma, Avelino
, p. 1 - 8 (2016/02/05)
Carbon-carbon bond formations and deoxygenation reactions are important for biomass up-grading. The classical ketonic decarboxylation of carboxylic acids provides symmetrical ketones with 2n + 1 carbon atoms and eliminates three oxygen atoms. Herein, this reaction is carried out with titanium oxide at 400°C, and an olefin with 2n + 1 carbon atoms is obtained instead of the ketone. For olefin formation hydrogen transfer reactions are required from suitable precursors to form aromatics and coke. Additional aldol condensation reactions increase further molecular weight in the product mixture. Hence, a combination of titanium oxide with a hydrodeoxygenation bed provides double amount of diesel fuel as the combination with zirconium oxide when reacting hexose-derived pentanoic acid.
Conversion of levulinic acid derived valeric acid into a liquid transportation fuel of the kerosene type
Corma, Avelino,Oliver-Tomas, Borja,Renz, Michael,Simakova, Irina L.
, p. 116 - 122 (2014/06/09)
In the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals carboncarbon bond formations and rising hydrophobicity are highly desired. The ketonic decarboxylation fits these requirements perfectly as it converts carboxylic acids into ketones forming one carboncarbon bond and eliminates three oxygen atoms as carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is used, in a cascade process, together with a hydrogenation and dehydration catalyst to obtain hydrocarbons in the kerosene range from hexose-derived valeric acid. It is shown that zirconium oxide is a very selective and stable catalyst for this process and when combined with platinum supported on alumina, the oxygen content was reduced to almost zero. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that alumina is superior to active carbon, silica, or zirconium oxide as support for the hydrogenation/dehydration/hydrogenation sequence and a palladium-based catalyst deactivated more rapidly than the platinum catalyst. Hence, under optimized reaction conditions valeric acid is converted into n-nonane with 80% selectivity (together with a 10% of C10-C15 hydrocarbons) in the organic liquid phase upto a 100:1 feed to catalyst ratio [w/w]. The oxygen free hydrocarbon product mixture (85% yield) meets well with the boiling point range of kerosene as evidenced by a simulated distillation. In the gas phase, butane was detected together with mainly carbon dioxide.
TREHALOSE COMPOUND, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT CONTAINING THE COMPOUND
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, (2011/08/08)
It is an object of the present invention to provide a trehalose compound having high immunopotentiating activity and low toxicity. The trehalose compound is represented by formula (1). (In the formula, X and X' each represents a phenyl, a naphtyl, R1-CHR1- (wherein R1 and R2 each represents a C7-C21 alkyl group or the like) or the like; and n and n' each independently represents an integer of 0-3). The compound exhibits a high activating effect on macrophages and neutrophils.
Purification and characterization of OleA from Xanthomonas campestris and demonstration of a non-decarboxylative claisen condensation reaction
Frias, Janice A.,Richman, Jack E.,Erickson, Jasmine S.,Wackett, Lawrence P.
experimental part, p. 10930 - 10938 (2012/03/26)
OleA catalyzes the condensation of fatty acyl groups in the first step of bacterial long-chain olefin biosynthesis, but the mechanism of the condensation reaction is controversial. In this study, OleA from Xanthomonas campestris was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The purified protein was shown to be active with fatty acyl-CoA substrates that ranged from C 8 to C16 in length. With limiting myristoyl-CoA (C 14), 1 mol of the free coenzyme A was released/mol of myristoyl-CoA consumed. Using [14C]myristoyl-CoA, the other products were identified as myristic acid, 2-myristoylmyristic acid, and 14-heptacosanone. 2-Myristoylmyristic acid was indicated to be the physiologically relevant product of OleA in several ways. First, 2-myristoylmyristic acid was the major condensed product in short incubations, but over time, it decreased with the concomitant increase of 14-heptacosanone. Second, synthetic 2-myristoylmyristic acid showed similar decarboxylation kinetics in the absence of OleA. Third, 2-myristoylmyristic acid was shown to be reactive with purified OleC and OleD to generate the olefin 14-heptacosene, a product seen in previous in vivo studies. The decarboxylation product, 14-heptacosanone, did not react with OleC and OleD to produce any demonstrable product. Substantial hydrolysis of fatty acyl-CoA substrates to the corresponding fatty acids was observed, but it is currently unclear if this occurs in vivo. In total, these data are consistent with OleA catalyzing a non-decarboxylative Claisen condensation reactionin the first step of the olefin biosynthetic pathway previously found to be presentin at least 70 different bacterial strains.
A Highly Catalytic and Selective Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to 1-Alkenes of One Less Carbon Atom
Miller, Joseph A.,Nelson, Jeffrey A.,Byrne, Michael P.
, p. 18 - 20 (2007/10/02)
An equimolar mixture of a carboxylic acid and acetic anhydride produces a reagent combination that undergoes a highly efficient decarbonylation/dehydration at 250 deg C using either Pd- or Rh-based catalyst systems, affording excellent yields of the corresponding 1-alkenes of one less carbon atom.
Studies on the synthesis and C-C bond-forming reactions of binuclear iron complexes: Evidence for intramolecular interactions between organic fragments bonded to the metal
Sundararajan
, p. 1377 - 1382 (2008/10/08)
In an attempt to investigate the various reaction pathways available for C-C bond-forming reactions, the synthesis and study of the chemical behavior of the binuclear complex bis(μ,η2-decanoyl)hexacarbonyldiiron was undertaken. Thermal decomposition of the complex in cyclohexane yields three organic products, n-octadecane, 10-nonadecanone, and 10,11-eicosadione. The principal organometallic product is Fe(CO)5. The decomposition when monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy displays a clean first-order kinetics and is characterized by an unusually large negative entropy of activation, ΔS? = -29.7 eu (log A = 6.07). Absence of crossover products in the combined decomposition of mixtures of bis(acyl)diiron complexes indicates that the principal products are formed in processes that do not involve alkyl group scrambling and presumably occur by intramolecular pathways. Additional evidence for this postulate is derived from the observed kinetics of the reaction of the diiron complex with triphenylphosphine, implying a unimolecular rate-determining equilibrium step prior to a fast product-forming sequence. The reactivity of the bis(decanoyl)hexacarbonyldiiron complex with methyl iodide, methyl alcohol, and acetic acid is also briefly examined.
Physico-Chemical Studies on Samarium Soaps in Solid State
Mehrotra, Krishna N.,Chauhan, Mithlesh,Shukla, Rajeev K.
, p. 1063 - 1068 (2007/10/02)
The physico-chemical characteristics of samarium soaps (caproate and caprate) in solid state were investigated by IR, X-ray diffraction and TGA measurements.The IR results releaved that the fatty acids exist in dimeric state through hydrogen bonding and s
Thermal, Infrared and X-ray Investigations on Calcium Soaps
Mehrotra, K. N.,Upadhyaya S. K.
, p. 584 - 586 (2007/10/02)
Thermal decomposition of calcium caprate has been found to be of zero order.The energy of activation for the decomposition reaction is in the range 5-8 kcal mol-1.The IR results indicate that the fatty acids have dimeric structures achieved through hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl groups of two acid molecules whereas the metal soaps possess ionic character.The X-ray analysis shows that calcium soaps have single layer structures with molecular axes slightly inclined to the basal plane.
