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51-64-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Direct Access to Primary Amines from Alkenes by Selective Metal-Free Hydroamination
Du, Yi-Dan,Chen, Bi-Hong,Shu, Wei
supporting information, p. 9875 - 9880 (2021/03/29)
Direct and selective synthesis of primary amines from easily available precursors is attractive yet challenging. Herein, we report the rapid synthesis of primary amines from alkenes via metal-free regioselective hydroamination at room temperature. Ammonium carbonate was used as ammonia surrogate for the first time, allowing for efficient conversion of terminal and internal alkenes into linear, α-branched, and α-tertiary primary amines under mild conditions. This method provides a straightforward and powerful approach to a wide spectrum of advanced, highly functionalized primary amines which are of particular interest in pharmaceutical chemistry and other areas.
Markovnikov Wacker-Tsuji Oxidation of Allyl(hetero)arenes and Application in a One-Pot Photo-Metal-Biocatalytic Approach to Enantioenriched Amines and Alcohols
Albarrán-Velo, Jesús,Gotor-Fernández, Vicente,Lavandera, Iván
, p. 4096 - 4108 (2021/08/19)
The Wacker-Tsuji aerobic oxidation of various allyl(hetero)arenes under photocatalytic conditions to form the corresponding methyl ketones is presented. By using a palladium complex [PdCl2(MeCN)2] and the photosensitizer [Acr-Mes]ClO4 in aqueous medium and at room temperature, and by simple irradiation with blue led light, the desired carbonyl compounds were synthesized with high conversions (>80%) and excellent selectivities (>90%). The key process was the transient formation of Pd nanoparticles that can activate oxygen, thus recycling the Pd(II) species necessary in the Wacker oxidative reaction. While light irradiation was strictly mandatory, the addition of the photocatalyst improved the reaction selectivity, due to the formation of the starting allyl(hetero)arene from some of the obtained by-products, thus entering back in the Wacker-Tsuji catalytic cycle. Once optimized, the oxidation reaction was combined in a one-pot two-step sequential protocol with an enzymatic transformation. Depending on the biocatalyst employed, i. e. an amine transaminase or an alcohol dehydrogenase, the corresponding (R)- and (S)-1-arylpropan-2-amines or 1-arylpropan-2-ols, respectively, could be synthesized in most cases with high yields (>70%) and in enantiopure form. Finally, an application of this photo-metal-biocatalytic strategy has been demonstrated in order to get access in a straightforward manner to selegiline, an anti-Parkinson drug. (Figure presented.).
ASPARAGINE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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, (2021/12/31)
The present invention relates to compounds of formulas (A) and (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and solvates of any of them, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, methods of preparation thereof, intermediate compounds useful for the preparation thereof, and methods of treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cancer, such as colorectal cancer, using these. (A) (I)
ISOINDOLINE COMPOUND, AND PREPARATION METHOD, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, AND APPLICATION OF ISOINDOLINE COMPOUND
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Paragraph 0313; 0317, (2021/10/22)
The present invention relates to an isoindoline compound as represented by general formula (I) and used as a CRBN regulator, and a preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition, and an application of the isoindoline compound. Specifically, a class of polysubstituted isoindoline compound provided in the present invention, as a class of CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase regulator having a novel structure, has good anti-tumor activity and immunoregulatory activity, and can be used for preparing drugs for treating diseases associated with a CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase.
Determination of the chiral status of different novel psychoactive substance classes by capillary electrophoresis and β-cyclodextrin derivatives
H?gele, Johannes S.,Hubner, Eva-Maria,Schmid, Martin G.
, p. 1191 - 1207 (2020/07/21)
Besides the abuse of well-known illicit drugs, consumers discovered new synthetic compounds with similar effects but minor alterations in their chemical structure. Originally, these so-called novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have been created to circumvent law of prosecution because of illicit drug abuse. During the past decade, such compounds came up in generations, the most popular compound was a synthetic cathinone derivative named mephedrone. Cathinones are structurally related to amphetamines; to date, more than 120 completely new derivatives have been synthesized and are traded via the Internet. Cathinones possess a chiral center; however, only little is known about the pharmacology of their enantiomers. However, NPS comprise further chiral compound classes such as amphetamine derivatives, ketamines, 2-(aminopropyl)benzofurans, and phenidines. In continuation of our project, a cheap and easy-to-perform chiral capillary zone electrophoresis method for enantioseparation of cathinones presented previously was extended to the aforementioned compound classes. Enantioresolution was achieved by simply adding native β-cyclodextrin, acetyl-β-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, or carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector additives to the background electrolyte. Fifty-one chiral NPS served as analytes mainly purchased from online vendors via the Internet. Using 10 mM of the aforementioned β-cyclodextrins in a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), overall, 50 of 51 NPS were resolved. However, chiral separation ability of the selectors differed depending on the analyte. Additionally, simultaneous enantioseparations, the determination of enantiomeric migration orders of selected analytes, and a repeatability study were performed successfully. It was proven that all separated NPS were traded as racemic mixtures.
Transaminase-mediated synthesis of enantiopure drug-like 1-(3′,4′-disubstituted phenyl)propan-2-amines
Lakó, ágnes,Mendon?a, Ricardo,Molnár, Zsófia,Poppe, László
, p. 40894 - 40903 (2020/11/23)
Transaminases (TAs) offer an environmentally and economically attractive method for the direct synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant disubstituted 1-phenylpropan-2-amine derivatives starting from prochiral ketones. In this work, we report the application of immobilised whole-cell biocatalysts with (R)-transaminase activity for the synthesis of novel disubstituted 1-phenylpropan-2-amines. After optimisation of the asymmetric synthesis, the (R)-enantiomers could be produced with 88-89% conversion and >99% ee, while the (S)-enantiomers could be selectively obtained as the unreacted fraction of the corresponding racemic amines in kinetic resolution with >48% conversion and >95% ee. This journal is
A Simple Biosystem for the High-Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines
Li, Zhi,Tian, Kaiyuan
supporting information, p. 21745 - 21751 (2020/09/21)
The amination of racemic alcohols to produce enantiopure amines is an important green chemistry reaction for pharmaceutical manufacturing, requiring simple and efficient solutions. Herein, we report the development of a cascade biotransformation to aminate racemic alcohols. This cascade utilizes an ambidextrous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to oxidize a racemic alcohol, an enantioselective transaminase (TA) to convert the ketone intermediate to chiral amine, and isopropylamine to recycle PMP and NAD+ cofactors via the reversed cascade reactions. The concept was proven by using an ambidextrous CpSADH-W286A engineered from (S)-enantioselective CpSADH as the first example of evolving ambidextrous ADHs, an enantioselective BmTA, and isopropylamine. A biosystem containing isopropylamine and E. coli (CpSADH-W286A/BmTA) expressing the two enzymes was developed for the amination of racemic alcohols to produce eight useful and high-value (S)-amines in 72–99 % yield and 98–99 % ee, providing with a simple and practical solution to this type of reaction.
ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY HYDROAZIDATION OF OLEFINS
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Page/Page column 63; 71-72, (2020/01/24)
The present invention provides processes for the synthesis of organic azides, intermediates for the production thereof, and compositions related thereto.
GZ-11608, a vesicular monoamine transporter-2 inhibitor, decreases the neurochemical and behavioral effects of methamphetamine
Lee, Na-Ra,Zheng, Guangrong,Leggas, Markos,Janganati, Venumadhav,Nickell, Justin R.,Crooks, Peter A.,Bardo, Michael T.,Dwoskin, Linda P.
, p. 526 - 543 (2019/11/19)
Despite escalating methamphetamine use and high relapse rates, pharmacotherapeutics for methamphetamine use disorders are not available. Our iterative drug discovery program had found that R-N-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-cis-di-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperidine hydrochloride (GZ-793A), a selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, specifically decreased methamphetamine’s behavioral effects. However, GZ-793A inhibited human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels, suggesting cardiotoxicity and prohibiting clinical development. The current study determined if replacement of GZ-793A’s piperidine ring with a phenylalkyl group to yield S-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)propan-1-amine (GZ-11608) diminished hERG interaction while retaining pharmacological efficacy. VMAT2 inhibition, target selectivity, and mechanism of GZ-11608-induced inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked vesicular dopamine release were determined. We used GZ-11608 doses that decreased methamphetamine-sensitized activity to evaluate the potential exacerbation of methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. GZ-11608-induced decreases in methamphetamine reinforcement and abuse liability were determined using self-administration, reinstatement, and substitution assays. Results show that GZ-11608 exhibited high affinity (Ki 5 25 nM) and selectivity (92–1180-fold) for VMAT2 over nicotinic receptors, dopamine transporter, and hERG, suggesting low side-effects. GZ-11608 (EC50 5 620 nM) released vesicular dopamine 25-fold less potently than it inhibited VMAT2 dopamine uptake. GZ-11608 competitively inhibited methamphetamine-evoked vesicular dopamine release (Schild regression slope 5 0.9 6 0.13). GZ-11608 decreased methamphetamine sensitization without altering striatal dopamine content or exacerbating methamphetamine-induced dopamine depletion, revealing efficacy without neurotoxicity. GZ-11608 exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and rapid brain penetration. GZ-11608 decreased methamphetamine self-administration, and this effect was not surmounted by increasing methamphetamine unit doses. GZ-11608 reduced cue- and methamphetamine-induced reinstatement, suggesting potential to prevent relapse. GZ-11608 neither served as a reinforcer nor substituted for methamphetamine, suggesting low abuse liability. Thus, GZ-11608, a potent and selective VMAT2 inhibitor, shows promise as a therapeutic for methamphetamine use disorder. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT GZ-11608 is a potent and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 inhibitor that decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release from isolated synaptic vesicles from brain dopaminergic neurons. Results from behavioral studies show that GZ-11608 specifically decreases methamphetamine-sensitized locomotor activity, methamphetamine self-administration, and reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior, without exhibiting abuse liability. Tolerance does not develop to the efficacy of GZ-11608 to decrease the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. In conclusion, GZ-11608 is an outstanding lead in our search for a therapeutic to treat methamphetamine use disorder.