52805-92-2Relevant articles and documents
Biogenic synthesis of Pd-nanoparticles using Areca Nut Husk Extract: a greener approach to access α-keto imides and stilbenes
Dateer, Ramesh B.,Ghosh, Arnab,Hegde, Rajeev V.,Jadhav, Arvind H.,Nizam, Aatika,Patil, Siddappa A.,Peter, Febina
supporting information, p. 16213 - 16222 (2021/09/22)
An eco-friendly green method for a one-step synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and their synthetic utility are reported. Phytochemicals like amines, alcohols, and phenols present in the Areca Nut Husk extract facilitate the reduction of Pd(ii) to Pd(0). The phytochemicals serve as stabilising agents and ligands for palladium reduction and the need for an external ligand is avoided. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy of newly synthesized palladium nanoparticles revealed a spherical morphology. The catalytic activity of the nanoparticles was tested for 1,2-difunctionalization of ynamides, Heck coupling, denitrogenative coupling of phenylhydrazine and C-H arylation of indole. Moreover, catalyst recyclability, control experiments, mechanistic elucidation, and gram-scale synthesis are elaborated.
Palladium supported aminobenzamide modified silica coated superparamagnetic iron oxide as an applicable nanocatalyst for Heck cross-coupling reaction
Fatahi, Yousef,Ghaempanah, Aram,Ma?mani, Leila,Mahdavi, Mohammad,Bahadorikhalili, Saeed
, (2021/01/26)
An applicable palladium-based nanocatalyst was constructed through the immobilization of palladium onto 2-aminobenzamide functionalized silica coated superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The nanocatalyst (named as Pd@ABA@SPIONs@SiO2) was characterized by several characterization methods, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Microscopy results showed that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape with 20–25 nm size. The size of the nanoparticles was confirmed by the DLS method. The superparamagnetic nature of the catalyst was confirmed by the VSM method. The successful functionalization of SPIONs@SiO2 was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The presence of palladium in the structure of the nanocatalyst was illustrated by XRD and EDS analysis. Also using XPS technique, the oxidation state of palladium in Pd@ABA@SPIONs@SiO2 was determined zero before and after the catalyst was applied in Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Several aryl halides and alkenes were reacted in the presence of the nanocatalyst and formed the corresponding products in high isolated yields. The nanocatalyst showed very good reusability and did not decrease its activity after 10 sequential runs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to provide a mechanism for the reaction and confirmed the role of the palladium catalyst in the reaction function.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed E-Selective Partial Hydrogenation of Alkynes under Transfer-Hydrogenation Conditions using Paraformaldehyde as Hydrogen Source
Fetzer, Marcus N. A.,Tavakoli, Ghazal,Klein, Axel,Prechtl, Martin H. G.
, p. 1317 - 1325 (2021/02/11)
E-alkenes were synthesized with up to 100 % E/Z selectivity via ruthenium-catalyzed partial hydrogenation of different aliphatic and aromatic alkynes under transfer-hydrogenation conditions. Paraformaldehyde as a safe, cheap and easily available solid hydrogen carrier was used for the first time as hydrogen source in the presence of water for transfer-hydrogenation of alkynes. Optimization reactions showed the best results for the commercially available binuclear [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 complex as pre-catalyst in combination with 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1-binaphthyl (BINAP) as ligand (1 : 1 ratio per Ru monomer to ligand). Mechanistic investigations showed that the origin of E-selectivity in this reaction is the fast Z to E isomerization of the formed alkenes. Mild reaction conditions plus the use of cheap, easily available and safe materials as well as simple setup and inexpensive catalyst turn this protocol into a feasible and promising stereo complementary procedure to the well-known Z-selective Lindlar reduction in late-stage syntheses. This procedure can also be used for the production of deuterated alkenes simply using d2-paraformaldehyde and D2O mixtures.
