630-17-1Relevant articles and documents
?- and ?-Acetoxy Radicals
Skell, P. S.,May, D. D.
, p. 967 - 968 (1981)
-
The Walling, El-Taliawi, and Zhao "Carnonyl Effect" in Radical Brominations Is an Example of HBr Reversal. It Is Not Relevant to ? and ? Radical Chemistry.
Skell, P. S.
, p. 1838 - 1840 (1984)
Walling, El-Taliawi, and Zhao claim that our "S? chemistry" is reproduced in photobrominations employing Br2 in the presence of carbonyl compounds (no NBS).Photobromination of alkanes by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) shows selectivities that vary, but which show limiting values for significant ranges of rection conditions.We have attributed these different limiting values to three reaction paths which differ in involving either Br., S?, or S? as the intermediate hydrogen-abstracting radical.Walling, El-Taliawi, and Zhao (WEZ) have reported selectivities they belive are attributable to a carbonyl-bromine intermediate rather than our S?.Evidence is now presented to show that the WEZ results are due to HBr in varying amounts with or without carbonyl compounds present.This represents a fourth type of selectivity and one that is sensitive to HBr concentrations and probably arises in their systems from the following reaction: There is no carbonyl effect.This fourth type had been deliberately excluded from our work, so that reactions involving HBr reversal are not relevant to our published work on succinimidyl chemistry.Thus, the selectivities (per H basis) for the neopentane/methylene chloride competitions stand without modification, as published earlier: 0.067, 1.0 and 17 for B., S?, and S?, respectively.
Tandem cyclopropanation with dibromomethane under Grignard conditions
Brunner, Gerhard,Eberhard, Laura,Oetiker, Juerg,Schroeder, Fridtjof
, p. 7543 - 7554 (2008/12/22)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Tertiary Grignard reagents and dibromomethane efficiently cyclopropanate allylic (and certain homoallylic) magnesium and lithium alcoholates at ambient temperature in ether solvents. Lithium (homo)allyl alcoholates are directly cyclopropanated with magnesium and CH 2Br2 under Barbier conditions at higher temperatures. The reaction rates depend on the substitution pattern of the (homo)allylic alcoholates and on the counterion with lithium giving best results. Good to excellent syn-selectivities are obtained from α-substituted substrates, which are in accord with a staggered Houk model. In tandem reactions, cyclopropyl carbinols are obtained from allyloxylithium or -magnesium intermediates, generated in situ by alkylation of conjugated aldehydes, ketones, and esters as well as from allyl carboxylates or vinyloxiranes. Using this methodology, numerous fragrance ingredients and their precursors were efficiently converted to the corresponding cyclopropyl carbinols.
PHOTOSTIMULATED REACTIONS OF NEOPENTYL IODIDES WITH CARBANIONS IN DMSO BY THE SRN1 MECHANISM
Penenory, Alicia B.,Rossi, Roberto A.
, p. 605 - 610 (2007/10/03)
Neopentyl iodide, 1, reacted under photostimulation with several carbanionic nucleophiles in DMSO.With acetone enolate ion only reduction and dimerization occured, but good yields of substitution products have been obtained with acetophenone, 5, and anthrone, 9, anions as nucleophiles.Nitromethane anion, 7, does not react with 1 under irradiation, but good yields of the substitution products are obtained when the photostimulated reaction is carried out in the presence of acetone enolate ions (entrainment reaction).Inhibition experiments by p-dinitrobenzene and by the radical trap TEMPO, suggest that these reactions occur by the SRN1 mechanism of nucleophilic substitution.The photostimulated reaction of 1,3-diiodo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 15, with 5 gave the disubstitution product 17 and the reduced monosubstitution product 18.It has been found that the monosubstitution product 16 (in which iodine is retained) is not an intermediate of these reactions. 1-iodoadamantane, 12, is more reactive (ca. 4.9 times) than 1 in competitive experiments toward 5 and under photostimulation.
SELECTIVE HYDROBROMINATION OF BRANCHED ALCOHOLS USING PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS
Dakka, Gihad,Sasson, Yoel
, p. 1223 - 1224 (2007/10/02)
In the presence of quaternary ammonium phase transfer catalysts hydrobromination of branched alcohols proceed via selective SN2 mechanism practically without rearrangements.