Xn:Harmful;
74-95-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Occurrence of bromoperoxidase in the marine green macro-alga, ulvella lens, and emission of volatile brominated methane by the enzyme
Ohshiro, Takashi,Nakano, Satoru,Takahashi, Yoshinori,Suzuki, Minoru,Izumi, Yoshikazu
, p. 1211 - 1215 (1999)
Bromoperoxidase activity was detected in the marine green macro-alga, Ulvella lens, which is used to induce the larval metamorphosis of sea urchin in aquaculture in Japan. The enzyme activity was enhanced 8.5- and 2.2-fold by the addition of cobalt and vanadium ions to the reaction mixture, respectively. The volatile halogenated compounds dibromomethane and tribromomethane were formed in the reaction mixture when the enzyme was incubated with oxaloacetate, hydrogen peroxide and potassium bromide. These results suggest that dibromomethane, which was reported to be released by U. lens and play an important role as the inducer of larval settlement and metamorphosis, is produced by bromoperoxidase in the alga.
Facile continuous process for gas phase halogen exchange over supported alkyl phosphonium salts
Sharma, Priti,Sasson, Yoel
, p. 2824 - 2828 (2018/02/06)
Chloride-bromide halogen exchange was realized when a mixture of an alkyl chloride and an alkyl bromide were reacted over a supported molten alkyl phosphonium catalyst. Conversion was found to be near equilibrium in a tubular flow reactor at 150 °C and 1500 GHSV. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation of alumina or silica support and found to be highly stable for relatively long periods of time. A pathway for the catalytic cycle is proposed.
One-Pot Conversion of Methane to Light Olefins or Higher Hydrocarbons through H-SAPO-34-Catalyzed in Situ Halogenation
Batamack, Patrice T. D.,Mathew, Thomas,Prakash, G. K. Surya
, p. 18078 - 18083 (2017/12/26)
Methane was converted to light olefins (ethene and propene) or higher hydrocarbons in a continuous flow reactor below 375 °C over H-SAPO-34 catalyst via an in situ halogenation (chlorination/bromination) protocol. The reaction conditions can be efficiently tuned toward selective monohalogenation of methane to methyl halides or their in situ oligomerization to higher hydrocarbons. The presence of C5+ hydrocarbons in the reaction products clearly indicates that by using a properly engineered catalyst under optimized reaction conditions, hydrocarbons in the gasoline range can be produced. This approach has significant potential for feasible application in natural gas refining to gasoline and materials under moderate operational conditions.
Dehalogenation of organic halides in aqueous media by hydrogen transfer from formate catalyzed by water-soluble Ru(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Marozsán, Natália,Horváth, Henrietta,Erdei, Anikó,Joó, Ferenc
, p. 103 - 109 (2016/10/09)
Water-soluble [RuCl(NHC)(L)(η6-arene)] complexes (NHC?=?bmim?=?1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole-2-ylidene;?L?=?tertiary phosphine, such as mtppms, mtppts, pta, pta-Me and pta-Bn; η6-arene?=?η6-p-cymene) were succesfully applied for the first time as catalysts in hydrodehalogenation of organic halides by hydrogen transfer from aqueous Na-formate with turnover frequencies up to TOF?=?112?h?1 at 80?°C. Simultaneous to hydrodehalogenation, aqueous formate was also decomposed to H2 and HCO3?. In case of [RuCl(bmim)(pta)(η6-p-cymene)]Cl (pta?=?1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) a reaction mechanism is suggested on basis of kinetic and NMR measurements which accounts for both hydrodehalogenation and formate dehydrogenation and involves [RuH(bmim)(pta)(η6-p-cymene)]+ as the key catalytic species for both cycles.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING METHYLENE BIS(THIOCYANATE)
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Page/Page column 14; 15, (2014/10/29)
This invention provides pure methylene bis(thiocyanate) in an ecor industrial process. The product is practically free of insolubles (0.1%) after prolonged storage.
Transformation of methane to propylene: A two-step reaction route catalyzed by modified CeO2 nanocrystals and zeolites
He, Jieli,Xu, Ting,Wang, Zhihui,Zhang, Qinghong,Deng, Weiping,Wang, Ye
supporting information; experimental part, p. 2438 - 2442 (2012/04/23)
Propylene from methane: The transformation of methane to propylene has been realized in a two-step route via CH3Cl or CH3Br. CeO 2 serves as an efficient and stable catalyst for the oxidative chlorination and bromination of methane to CH3Cl and CH 3Br. In the second step, a modified zeolite is highly a selective and stable catalyst for the conversion of CH3Cl or CH3Br into propylene. Copyright
PROCESSES FOR CONVERTING GASEOUS ALKANES TO LIQUID HYDROCARBONS USING MICROCHANNEL REACTOR
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Page/Page column 69-71, (2012/01/06)
A process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes may be thermally or catalytically reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrogen bromide. Poly-brominated alkanes present in the alkyl bromides may be further reacted with methane over a suitable catalyst to form mono-brominated species. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrogen bromide may then be reacted over a suitable catalyst at a temperature sufficient to form olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof and hydrogen bromide. Various methods and reactions are disclosed to remove the hydrogen bromide from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, to generate bromine from the hydrogen bromide for use in the process, to store and subsequently release bromine for use in the process, and to selectively form mono-brominated alkanes in the bromination step. One or more of the reactions of the processes of the present invention may be conducted in a microchannel reactor.
AN INTEGRATED PROCESS TO COPRODUCE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE
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Page/Page column 20, (2010/04/28)
An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting at least one low molecular weight alkane, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine. under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2+ alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, and (d) cracking at least part of the C2+ alkanes in an alkane cracking system to produce ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins.
INTEGRATED PROCESS TO COPRODUCE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE
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Page/Page column 8, (2010/09/18)
An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting one or more low molecular weight alkanes, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine, under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting a first portion of the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst under process conditions sufficient to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2-5 alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, (d) reacting a second portion of the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst under process conditions sufficient to produce ethylene and/or propylene.
PROCESS FOR CONVERTING HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS WITH ELECTROLYTIC AND PHOTOELECTROCATALYTIC RECOVERY OF HALOGENS
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Page/Page column 33, (2010/11/05)
A method for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into higher hydrocarbons is provided comprising reacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with a molecular halogen to form alkyl halides; reacting at least a portion of the alkyl halide in the presence of a catalyst to form higher hydrocarbons and a hydrogen halide; and converting at least a portion of the hydrogen halide into the molecular halogen via photoelectrocatalysis. Additional methods are also provided.
