7758-95-4

Basic information

• Product Name: Lead dichloride
• Synonyms: Lead chloride (PbCl2);leadchloride(pbcl2);leaddichloride;Leclo;NA 2291;PbCl2;Plumbous chloride;plumbouschloride
• CAS NO: 7758-95-4
• Molecular Formula: Cl2Pb
• Molecular Weight: 278.11
• EINECS: 231-845-5
• Product Categories: Inorganics;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Lead Salts;LeadMetal and Ceramic Science;Salts;metal halide;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Lead;Lead Salts;Materials Science;Metal and Ceramic Science;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Ultra-High Purity Materials
• Mol File: 7758-95-4.mol
• Article Data: 30

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 501 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 950 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 951°C
• Appearance: White to off-white/powder
• Density: 5.85 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 547 °C)
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility: aliphatic hydrocarbons: slightly soluble(lit.)
• Water Solubility: Soluble in hot water, alkali hydroxides and NH₄Cl solution. Insoluble in cold water and alcohol.
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
• Merck: 14,5404
• CAS DataBase Reference: Lead dichloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Lead dichloride(7758-95-4)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Lead dichloride(7758-95-4)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T,N
• Statements: 61-20/22-33-50/53-62
• Safety Statements: 53-45-60-61
• RIDADR: UN 2291 6.1/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: OF9450000
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 6.1
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7758-95-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 7758-95-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Lead(II) chloride is a white crystals or powder. Insoluble in cold water; soluble in hot water. It is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PbS. It is also known as galena, which is the principal ore and important compound of lead. It is one of the earliest materials to be used as a semiconductor as it tends to crystallize in sodium chloride. Lead sulfide is toxic if it is heated to decomposition, which forms lead and sulfur oxides. Lead(II) chloride has been used in the synthesis of methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite nanocrystals with potential application in optoelectronics due to its tuneable electronic bandgap and superior photovoltaic performance. It may be used in the preparation of mixed halide perovskite (PRV) with potential application in absorber layer of PRV solar cells. Lead chloride is used as a precursor material in the fabrication of methyl ammonium lead iodide-chloride (MAPbI3-xClx) perovskites.
2. Lead chloride is a white crystalline powder

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 7758-95-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Lead (II) chloride is also known as lead chloride, lead dichloride, and plumbous chloride. Lead chloride is one of the most important lead-based reagents. It occurs naturally in the form of the mineral cotunnite. The solubility of lead chloride in water is low. Lead (II) chloride is the main precursor for organometallic derivatives of lead. Lead chloride has extensive applications in industries. Lead chloride is an intermediate in refining bismuth (Bi) ore. The ore containing Bi, Pb, and Zn is first treated with molten caustic soda to remove traces of acidic elements such as arsenic and tellurium. The molten lead chloride is used in the synthesis of lead titanate (PbTiO3) and barium PbTiO3. It is used in organometallic synthesis to make metallocenes, known as plumbocenes. Lead chloride is used in production of infrared transmitting glass and in production of ornamental glass called aurene glass. This stained glass has an iridescent surface formed by spraying with lead chloride and reheating under controlled conditions. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is used for the same purpose.
2. Lead (II) chloride (PbCl2) is commonly known as the mineral cotunnite.
3. Lead(II) chloride is used in the synthesis of lead titanate and barium lead titanate ceramics; employed in the production of infrared transmitting glass and ornamental glass (aurene glass); useful as an electrode in geophysical applications and in solar cells. Analytical reagent, preparation of lead salts, as solder and flux. Pattinson's white lead, pigment in white paint, is the basic lead chloride.
4. ▼▲ Industry Application Role/benefit Chemical manufacture Manufacture of other lead compounds Source of lead Glass Infrared transmitting glass Additive Ornamental glass Sprayed to make the glass have an iridescent surface Ceramics Barium lead titanate ceramics Raw material Paint White pigment Ingredient/has natural white color Pigment Pattison's white lead, verona yellow, turner's patent yellow and lead oxychloride Raw material Others Welding Fluxing agent Wire coatings Flame retardant Magnesium-lead dichloride seawater batteries Cathode material Asbestos clutch or brake linings Additive
5. Lead dichloride occurs in nature as the mineral cotunnite. The compound is used in making many basic chlorides, such as Pattison’s lead white, Turner’s Patent Yellow, and Verona Yellow, used as pigments. Also, it is used as a flux for galvanizing steel; as a flame retardant in nylon wire coatings; as a cathode for seawater batteries; to remove H2S and ozone from effluent gases; as a sterilization indicator; as a polymerization catalyst for alphaolefins; and as a co-catalyst in manufacturing acrylonitrile.

Reactions

Lead(II) chloride reacts with chlorine to produce Lead(IV) chloride: PbCl2+ Cl2→PbCl4.

Physical properties

White orthorhombic crystals; refractive index 2.199; density 5.85 g/cm3; melts at 501°C; vaporizes at 950°C; partially soluble in cold water (6.73 g/L at 0°C and 9.9 g/L at 20°C); KSP 1.17x10-5 at 25°C; moderately soluble in boiling water (33.4 g/L at 100°C); slightly soluble in dilute HCl and ammonia; insoluble in alcohol.

Occurrence

Lead dichloride occurs in nature as the mineral cotunnite. The compound is used in making many basic chlorides, such as Pattison’s lead white, Turner’s Patent Yellow, and Verona Yellow, used as pigments. Also, it is used as a flux for galvanizing steel; as a flame retardant in nylon wire coatings; as a cathode for seawater batteries; to remove H2S and ozone from effluent gases; as a sterilization indicator; as a polymerization catalyst for alphaolefins; and as a co-catalyst in manufacturing acrylonitrile.

Preparation

Lead dichloride is precipitated by adding hydrochloric acid or any chloride salt solution to a cold solution of lead nitrate or other lead(II) salt: Pb2+ + 2Clˉ → PbCl2 Alternatively, it is prepared by treating lead monoxide or basic lead carbonate with hydrochloric acid and allowing the precipitate to settle..

Definition

ChEBI: An inorganic chloride consisting of two chlorine atoms covalently bound to a central lead atom.

General Description

Prepared by reacting lead(II) oxide /acetate or carbonate with HCl. In crystalline PbCl2, each atom is coordinated by nine Cl atoms, six of which lie at the apices of a trigonal prism and the remaining three beyond the centers of the three prism faces. Each Cl is coordinated by four or five Pb atoms. Upon exposure to air it form basic chlorides such as PbCl2.Pb(OH)2.

Reactivity Profile

Lead dichloride is a weak reducing agent. Interaction of Lead dichloride and calcium is explosive on warming, [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 3, 369].

Hazard

Toxic effects from ingestion may vary from low to moderate. The oral lethal dose in guinea pigs is documented as 1,500 mg/kg. (Lewis (Sr.), R. J. 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).

Health Hazard

DUST AND FUMES. POISONOUS IF INHALED. SOLID: If swallowed, may cause metallic taste, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Fire Hazard

Not flammable. POISONOUS METAL FUMES MAY BE PRODUCED IN FIRE. Toxic metal fumes. Can emit toxic metal fumes.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Potential Exposure

Used to make lead salts; lead chromate pigments; as an analytical reagent for making other chemicals; making printed circuit boards; as a solder and flux.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from distilled water at 100o (33mL/g) after filtering through sintered-glass and adding a few drops of HCl, by cooling. After three crystallisations the solid is dried under vacuum or under anhydrous HCl vapour by heating slowly to 400o. The solubility in H2O is 0.07% at ~10o, and 0.43% at ~ 100o.

Incompatibilities

A reducing agent. Violent reaction with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, and chemically active metals. Explosive with calcium 1 warming

InChI:InChI=1/2ClH.Pb.4H/h2*1H;;;;;/q;;+2;;;;/p-2/r2ClH.H4Pb/h2*1H;1H4/q;;+2/p-2

Upstream product

• 301-04-2 lead acetate 
• 75-36-5 acetyl chloride 
• 7719-09-7 thionyl chloride 
• 811-54-1 lead(II) formate 
• 7705-08-0 iron(III) chloride 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 7550-45-0 titanium tetrachloride 
• 10101-63-0 lead(II) iodide 
• 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane 
• 10025-67-9 disulfur dichloride 
• 10241-05-1 molybdenum(V) chloride 
• 14336-71-1 calcium chloride 

Downstream Products

• 148877-97-8 tetrakis(2-chlorobenzyl)lead 
• 7704-34-9 sulfur 
• 110486-49-2 Di-t-butyldecaphenylplumbocen 
• 64362-17-0 triphenyllead magnesium bromide 
• 1309352-76-8 [Ph(Hiso)(H2O)](n) 
• 946532-51-0 Pb(CH{(CH₃)CN-2,6-iPr₂C₆H₃}₂)Cl 

Relevant articles and documents

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FCC-HCP phase boundary in lead

The temperature evolution of fcc-to-hcp transformation in lead metal was studied and pressure-temperature equation of state for fcc and hcp phases up to 800 K and 40 GPa was determined. Polycrystalline lead was studied in extremely heated, gasketed diamond anvil cell. In situ high-pressure-high-temperature data were obtained at the ID-30 beam line by angle dispersive X-ray diffraction techniques employing monochromatic X-radiation. An unexpected interaction of lead with sodium chloride surrounded the samples and significant reduction of the alloying temperature with gold was observed.

Copper polytellurite-chlorides with A2?+ cations ([Formula presented], Pb) obtained by CVT reactions

Two novel polytellurite-chlorides Pb5Cu2(Te4O11)Cl8 (1) and CdCu2(Te3O8)Cl2 (2) were obtained by a chemical vapor transport (CVT-reactions) reactions. The structure of 1 is based on [Pb5Cu2(Te4O11)]8?+ one-dimensional blocks with full and partially occupied Cl sites around. The structure of 2 can be described as being formed by two types of one-dimensional units formed by Cd,Cu-centered polyhedra and TeO3, TeO4 pyramids sharing via common O atoms into electroneutral [CdCu2(Te3O8)Cl2]0 sheets. Obtaining of novel polytellurite-chlorides demonstrates effectiveness of CVT techniques for preparation of different tellurite-based complex layered materials.

Novel cubic gravel-like EDAPbCl4@ZIF-67 as electrochemical sensor for the detection of protocatechuic acid

A novel EDAPbCl4 @ZIF-67 (EDA = ethylenediammonium) nanocomposite material was successfully prepared by embedding a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) into a porous zeolite imidazolate frame structure material (Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks, ZIFs). The electrochemical sensor was fabricated through dropping EDAPbCl4 @ZIF-67 onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and applied to the detection of protocatechuic acid (PCA). The results of a series of electrochemical performance tests including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed that EDAPbCl4 @ZIF-67/GCE could amplify the signal of the electrochemical response to the oxidation of PCA. The peak current of EDAPbCl4 @ZIF-67/GCE was linearly increased with the concentration in the range of 22–337 μM. The linear regression equation was I(μA)= 0.0031 C (μM)+ 1.6968 (R2 =0.9916), the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 15 μM. Meanwhile, EDAPbCl4 @ZIF-67/GCE can effectively detect PCA in green tea and cough syrup.Its relatively excellent sensitivity indicated that the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (EDAPbCl4 @ZIF-67) was feasible to be used as electrochemical sensor material.