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Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is used as an antihistamine for [relieving symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose] because [it blocks the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms].
Used in Sleep Aid Applications:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is used as a sleep aid for [treating insomnia] because [it has sedative effects].
Used in Various Forms:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is available in [tablets, capsules, and liquid forms] for [oral or topical administration], providing flexibility in treatment options.
Caution:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is used with caution for [its potential to cause drowsiness and dizziness], and it is advised to avoid operating heavy machinery or driving until the effects of the medication are known.

Upstream product

• 17616-20-5 benzhydryl-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-dimethyl-ammonium; chloride 
• 90-99-3 diphenylchloromethane 
• 108-01-0 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol 
• 58-73-1 2-diphenylmethoxy-N,N-dimethylethanamine 
• 108-86-1 bromobenzene 
• 776-74-9 Bromodiphenylmethane 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 91-01-0 1,1-Diphenylmethanol 

Downstream Products

• 91-01-0 1,1-Diphenylmethanol 
• 64-18-6 formic acid 
• 471-47-6 oxamic acid 
• 144-62-7 oxalic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language

The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were implemented in a modular robotic platform by using a chemical programming language that formalizes and controls the assembly of the molecules. We validated the concept by directing the automated system to synthesize three pharmaceutical compounds, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, rufinamide, and sildenafil, without any human intervention. Yields and purities of products and intermediates were comparable to or better than those achieved manually. The syntheses are captured as digital code that can be published, versioned, and transferred flexibly between platforms with no modification, thereby greatly enhancing reproducibility and reliable access to complex molecules.

Method for preparing toluene benzyl phenyl substituted compound

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a toluene benzyl phenyl substituted compound. According to the method, first a reaction substrateand an attack reagent are added in a reaction vessel and mixed; a catalyst is added to the mixture and evenly mixed; the evenly mixed material reacts for 12-48 h at 70-110 DEG C; finally, a solvent isremoved, and a product is purified, to obtain the toluene benzyl substituted compound. The reaction substrate is a compound containing a phenyl group and having at least one alpha hydrogen attached to the phenyl group; and the attack reagent is phenylboronic acid. The catalyst is a mixture of di-tert-butyl peroxide and nickel acetylacetonate. By synthesizing 2 kg of diphenhydramine hydrochloridethrough the synthetic method, the cost can be reduced by 150000 yuan.

On-demand continuous-flow production of pharmaceuticals in a compact, reconfigurable system

Pharmaceutical manufacturing typically uses batch processing at multiple locations. Disadvantages of this approach include long production times and the potential for supply chain disruptions. As a preliminary demonstration of an alternative approach, we report here the continuous-flow synthesis and formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients in a compact, reconfigurable manufacturing platform. Continuous end-to-end synthesis in the refrigerator-sized [1.0 meter (width) × 0.7 meter (length) × 1.8 meter (height)] system produces sufficient quantities per day to supply hundreds to thousands of oral or topical liquid doses of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, diazepam, and fluoxetine hydrochloride that meet U.S. Pharmacopeia standards. Underlying this flexible plug-and-play approach are substantial enabling advances in continuous-flow synthesis, complex multistep sequence telescoping, reaction engineering equipment, and real-time formulation.

End-to-end continuous flow synthesis and purification of diphenhydramine hydrochloride featuring atom economy, in-line separation, and flow of molten ammonium salts

A continuous end-to-end synthesis and purification of diphenhydramine hydrochloride featuring atom economy and waste minimization is described. Combining a 1:1 molar ratio of the two starting material streams (chlorodiphenylmethane and N,N-dimethylaminoethanol) in the absence of additional solvent at high temperature gives the target compound directly as a molten salt (ionic liquid above 168 °C) in high yield. This represents the first example of continuous active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production in this manner. Six of the twelve principles of green chemistry as defined by the American Chemical Society are achieved, most prominently waste minimization and atom economy.