82-34-8Relevant articles and documents
Photoinduced electron transfer from excited [tris(2,2'- bipyridine)ruthenium(II)]2+ to a series of anthraquinones with small positive or negative Gibbs energy of reaction. Marcus behavior and negative activation enthalpies
Frank, Rudolf,Greiner, Gerhard,Rau, Hermann
, p. 3481 - 3490 (1999)
In the electron transfer (ET) quenching reactions of electronically excited *Ru(bpy)32+ in acetonitrile an increase of the rate constant k(q) is observed in the series of 2-methyl-, 1-chloro-, and 1-nitro-anthraquinone as quenchers. If alkali salts are used as supporting electrolytes the AQ·- radical anions are found to form specific associates with the alkali cations. In the presence of non-associating tetraalkylammonium salts the system follows the predictions of Marcus theory. Numerical methods are developed which allow the determination of the rate constants of the conventional reaction scheme. This analysis shows that the quantum yield of free AQ*- radical anion formation is governed by the interplay of forward, reverse and back ET. Negative activation enthalpies are found for the activation controlled quenching reactions. From the numerical analysis of the system of rate constants it is inferred that this phenomenon is due to the elementary ET step in the reaction sequence. We discuss the pre-equilibrium and elementary reaction models for reactions with negative activation enthalpy and present, to our knowledge, the first example of successful discrimination between them.
The invention relates to a pyrrolidone ionic liquid as catalyst preparation 1 - nitroanthraquinone method
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Paragraph 0028; 0029; 0030; 0031; 0032; 0033; 0034-0040, (2018/03/26)
The invention belongs to the technical field of anthraquinone dye intermediate synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing 1-nitroanthraquinone through location nitration by using pyrrolidinone ionic liquid as a catalyst. The method comprises the step of preparing the 1-nitroanthraquinone by using anthraquinone and a nitration agent as raw materials and using the pyrrolidinone ionic liquid as the catalyst. The method has the advantages that the purity of the crude 1-nitroanthraquinone product obtained in a catalytic nitration process is increased to 90% or more, the catalyst preparation is simple, the cost is reduced, and the quantity of solid waste residues generated in a refinement process is reduced.
Non-reductive conversion of 1-nitro-9,10-anthraquinone to 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinones
Suzuki,Kawakami,Maeda
, p. 9217 - 9220 (2007/10/02)
Heating 1-nitro-9,10-anthraquinone 2 with ureas 4 in N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea (TMU) at around 130 °C resulted in the displacement of the nitro group by the amino groups, leading to the corresponding aminoanthraquinones 5 in good yields.
