82-54-2Relevant articles and documents
Biomimetic photooxidation of noscapine sensitized by a riboflavin derivative in water: The combined role of natural dyes and solar light in environmental remediation
Pavanello, Alice,Fabbri, Debora,Calza, Paola,Battiston, Debora,Miranda, Miguel A.,Marin, M. Luisa
, (2022/03/01)
Noscapine (NSC) is a benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid discovered in 1930 as an antitussive agent. Recently, NSC has also been reported to exhibit antitumor activity and, according to computational studies, it is able to attack the protease enzyme of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and thus could be used as antiviral for COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, an increasing use of this drug could be envisaged in the coming years. NSC is readily metabolized with a half-life of 4.5 h giving rise to cotarnine, hydrocotarnine, and meconine, arising from the oxidative breaking of the C–C bond between isoquinoline and phthalide moieties. Because of its potentially increasing use, high concentrations of NSC but also its metabolites will be delivered in the environment and potentially affect natural ecosystems. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the degradation of NSC in the presence of naturally occurring photocatalysts. As a matter of fact, the present contribution has demonstrated that NSC can be efficiently degraded in the presence of a derivative of the natural organic dye Riboflavin (RFTA) upon exposure to visible light. Indeed, a detailed study of the mechanism involved in the photodegradation revealed the similarities between the biomimetic and the photocatalyzed processes. In fact, the main photoproducts of NSC were identified as cotarnine and opianic acid based on a careful UPLC-MS2 analysis compared to the independently synthesized standards. The former is coincident with one of the main metabolites obtained in humans, whereas the latter is related to meconine, a second major metabolite of NSC. Photophysical experiments demonstrated that the observed oxidative cleavage is mediated mainly by singlet oxygen in a medium in which the lifetime of 1O2 is long enough, or by electron transfer to the triplet excited state of RFTA if the photodegradation occurs in aqueous media, where the 1O2 lifetime is very short.
Metal-Free Activation of C(sp3)–H Bond, and a Practical and Rapid Synthesis of Privileged 1-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Choudhury, Santosh Kumar,Rout, Pragati,Parida, Bibhuti Bhusan,Florent, Jean-Claude,Johannes, Ludger,Phaomei, Ganngam,Bertounesque, Emmanuel,Rout, Laxmidhar
, p. 5275 - 5292 (2017/09/29)
The reaction of cotarnine and acyl/aryl ketones in “green” solvents provides an efficient approach to an array of privileged 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines in excellent yields by metal-free activation of C(sp3)–H bonds. This one-pot procedure takes place under base-free conditions at room temperature, and tolerates a wide range of functionalities. The reaction is highly chemoselective, can be performed on a multi-gram scale, and pure products are isolated by simple filtration without workup. Interestingly, the complementary two-step procedure from cotarnine halide salts gives the Mannich products in good yields. The scope was elaborated to 9-bromocotarnine salts to access a range of 9-bromonoscapine-derived analogues. The methodology has been developed considering the structural similarity of cotarnine derivatives to noscapinoids, which represent an emerging class of microtubule-modulating anticancer agents.
Copper(I) mediated facile synthesis of potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, 9-amino-α-noscapine from natural α-noscapine
Manchukonda, Naresh K.,Sridhar, Balasubramanian,Naik, Pradeep K.,Joshi, Harish C.,Kantevari, Srinivas
scheme or table, p. 2983 - 2987 (2012/06/15)
Facile synthesis of natural α-noscapine analogue, 9-amino-α-noscapine, a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization for cancer therapy, is achieved via copper(I) iodide mediated in situ aromatic azidation and reduction of 9-bromo-α-noscapine (obtained by bromination of natural α-noscapine) with NaN3 in DMSO at 130 °C in the presence of l-proline as an amino acid promoter. The protocol developed here avoided isolation of 9-azido-α-noscapine and did not cleave the sensitive C-C bond between two heterocyclic phthalide and isoquinoline units.
