9003-07-0

Basic information

• Product Name: Polypropylene
• Synonyms: POLYPROPYLENE (PP);PP MATERIAL;ATACTIC POLYPROPELENE;polypropylene fibre;oil for polypropylene filbre;POLYPROPYLENE, VISCOSITY 10 POISE;POLYPROPYLENE, SYNDIOTACTIC, MELT INDEX 4.5;POLYPROPYLENE, AVERAGE MW CA. 12,000
• CAS NO: 9003-07-0
• Molecular Formula: C22H42O3
• Molecular Weight: 354.56708
• EINECS: 202-316-6
• Product Categories: Polymers;Nanomaterials;POSS? Polymers;Silsesquioxanes: POSS? Nanohybrids;Hydrophobic Polymers;Olefins;Propylene;Hydrophobic Polymers;Materials Science;Polymer Science
• Mol File: 9003-07-0.mol
• Article Data: 2079

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 189 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 120-132 °C
• Appearance: /particles (Spherical)
• Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.49(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: ?20°C
• Merck: 13,7663
• CAS DataBase Reference: Polypropylene(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Polypropylene(9003-07-0)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Polypropylene(9003-07-0)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: UD1842000
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 9003-07-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Used in Automotive Industry:
Polypropylene is used as a material for various automotive components due to its high processability, low cost, and resistance to chemicals and moisture.
Used in Packaging Industry:
Polypropylene is used as a packaging material for various products, including labeling, due to its resistance to chemicals, moisture, and good barrier properties.
Used in Textile Industry:
Polypropylene is used as a material for manufacturing fibers and textiles, such as ropes, nets, and carpets, due to its strength, durability, and resistance to chemicals and moisture.
Used in General Molding Products:
Polypropylene is used as a material for general molding products, such as household items and containers, due to its ease of processing and good mechanical properties.
Used in Multiand Monofilament Fiber:
Polypropylene is used as a material for manufacturing multiand monofilament fibers for various applications, including fishing nets and medical sutures, due to its strength and resistance to chemicals and moisture.
Used in Hot Melt Adhesives and Paper Laminating:
Polypropylene serves as a base polymer in hot melt adhesives and paper-laminating applications, providing good adhesion and bonding properties.
Used as an Extender and Viscosity Modifier in Caulks and Sealants:
Polypropylene is used as an extender and viscosity modifier in caulks and sealants, improving their performance and durability.
Used as a Waterproofing Agent in Wire and Cable Applications:
Polypropylene is used as a waterproofing agent in wire and cable applications, providing protection against moisture and enhancing the performance of the cables.
Used as a Modifier for Waxes:
Polypropylene is used as a modifier for waxes to reduce blocking, scuffing, and abrasion, and to improve pigment dispersion in polypropylene films and fibers.
Used in Impregnated Capacitors:
Polypropylene films, which can be made thinner than polyethylene films, are used to replace paper in impregnated capacitors, resulting in reduced loss.
Used in General Extrusion Grade Polymer:
Polypropylene is used as a general extrusion grade polymer for various applications, including the production of pipes, tubes, and profiles.
Strengthened with Reinforcing Agents:
The strength of polypropylene can be significantly increased by using reinforcing agents such as glass fiber, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and durability.
Chemical Properties:
Polypropylene has good electrical resistance, low water absorption, and moisture permeability. It maintains its strength after repeated flexing and is resistant to most organic chemicals and aqueous solutions of inorganic salts or mineral acids and bases. However, it is attacked by halogens, fuming nitric acid, and other strong oxidizing agents at high temperatures. Polypropylene is combustible but slow-burning and can be modified for improved abrasion and heat resistance. It can also be chrome-plated, injection and blow-molded, and extruded.

Preparation

High pressure, free radical processes of the type used to prepare polyethylene are not satisfactory when applied to propylene and other tX-olefins bearing a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom adjacent to the double bond. This is attributed to extensive transfer of this hydrogen to propagating centres (R .):The resulting allyl radical is resonance stabilized and has a reduced tendency to react with another monomer molecule. Although the Phillips and Standard Oil processes can be used to prepare polypropylene, the polymer yields tend to be low and it appears that these processes have not been used for commercial production of polypropylene. Until about 1980, polypropylene has been produced commercially only by the use of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Commonly a slurry process is used and is carried out in much the same manner as described previously for the preparation of polyethylene ). In the case of polypropylene, some atactic polymer is formed besides the required isotactic polymer; but much of this atactic material is soluble in the diluent (commonly heptane) so that the product isolated is largely isotactic polymer. Recently, there has been a marked shift towards processes involving gas phase polymerization and liquid phase polymerization. Few details of these newer processes have been published. Gas phase processes resemble those described previously for the preparation of polyethylene ) and swing plants are now feasible. In liquid phase processes polymerization is conducted in liquid propylene, typically at 2 MPa (20 atmospheres) and 55°C. Concurrently with these developments, new catalyst systems have been introduced. These materials have very high activity and the reduced levels that are required make it unnecessary to remove catalyst from the final polymer. Also, the new catalyst systems lead to polypropylene with higher'proportions of isotactic polymer and removal of atactic polymer is not necessary.

Production Methods

In PP production, propylene monomer is polymerized to make the homopolymer by using a Ziegler–Natta type coordination catalyst. This catalyst results from the reaction and interaction of a transition metal compound and an organometallic compound, usually an alkylaluminum compound. Halide atoms are involved in most such catalyst systems . Polypropylene can be made by solution, slurry (or solvent), bulk (or liquid propylene), or gas-phase polymerization, or a combination of these processes . The most widely used is the slurry process; however, the current trend is toward the gas-phase process. In the solution, slurry, and bulk processes, the catalyst system is mixed with propylene and a hydrocarbon diluent (usually hexane, heptane, or liquid propylene) in a reactor. After polymerization, the reaction mixture enters a flash tank where unreacted propylene is removed and recycled. Propylene–ethylene copolymers [9010-79-1] can be manufactured when ethylene is fed along with propylene to the polymerization reactor or by adding ethylene and propylene to a postpolymerization reactor that contains PP. This mixture may then be purified to remove lowmolecular weight and atactic fractions and washed to remove catalyst residues. The polypropylene resin is then dried and pelletized. During this time, additivesmay be incorporated in the gas-phase process; no liquid diluent is used .

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Polypropylene reacts with chlorine, fuming nitric acid and other strong oxidizing agents.

Hazard

Questionable carcinogen.

Health Hazard

No apparent toxicity

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Questionable carcinogen. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Used in injection molding for auto parts, in bottle caps, and in container closures.

Carcinogenicity

No data on the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of propylene are available for evaluation by the working group.

Upstream product

• 75-21-8 oxirane 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 591-78-6 n-hexan-2-one 
• 109-99-9 tetrahydrofuran 
• 186581-53-3 diazomethane 
• 1191-99-7 2,3-dihydro-2H-furan 
• 563-80-4 3-methyl-butan-2-one 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 920-39-8 isopropylmagnesium bromide 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 75-30-9 2-iodo-propane 
• 109-65-9 1-bromo-butane 
• 111-65-9 octane 
• 598-26-5 dimethylketene 

Downstream Products

• 1577-22-6 5-hexenoic acid 
• 101355-30-0 3-chloro-2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenol 
• 10143-66-5 1,3-dimethoxybutane 
• 108838-29-5 5-tert-butyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyl-benzene 
• 41824-41-3 1-ethyl-4-isopropyl-cyclohexane 
• 108837-99-6 5-tert-butyl-1-isopropyl-2,3-dimethyl-benzene 
• 74927-00-7 2-Cyclohexyl-6-isopropyl-phenol 
• 6065-70-9 2-benzoyloxy-1-bromopropane 
• 91561-75-0 4-Chloropropofol 
• 4706-89-2 2,4-dimethylcumene 
• 5266-86-4 2-isopropyl-4-methylaniline 
• 7051-14-1 1-isopropyl-2,4-dimethyloxybenzene 
• 5980-96-1 1-isopropyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene 
• 59025-57-9 1,3-diisopropyl-2,4,5-trimethyl-benzene 

Relevant articles and documents

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

The catalytic reduction of solketal ((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol) over bifunctional heterogeneous palladium catalysts is proposed as an alternative to the synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers by the etherification of glycerol. The direct synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers from isopropanol and glycerol requires severe conditions (T=130–150 °C, p(H2)=20–35 bar) and a large excess of isopropanol to reach a considerable yield. The main reaction products in the catalytic reduction of solketal are glycerol mono- and di-isopropyl ethers and solketal isopropyl ether. Solketal conversion over Al-HMS-supported palladium catalysts (T=120 °C and p(H2)=20 bar) affords a mixture of ethers with a high degree of conversion (87 %), 78 % selectivity, and excellent regioselectivity between isomeric ethers. Zeolite-BEA-supported palladium catalysts also exhibit high activity but much lower selectivity because of intense acetone aldol condensation. The effects of Si/Al ratios in BEA zeolites and Al-HMS aluminosilicates and the amounts of supported palladium (1 and 2 wt %) on the properties of the catalysts at different reaction temperatures and hydrogen pressures are considered.

A ZEOLITE CATALYST AND USE THEREOF FOR THE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANES

The present invention relates to a zeolite catalyst, wherein the zeolite catalyst comprises a zeolitic material, wherein the framework of the zeolitic material comprises Y02 and X203, wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element, wherein the Y : X molar ratio of Y and X contained in the framework of the zeolitic material is comprised in the range of from 500 to 10,000, and wherein the zeolite catalyst further comprises Pt which is supported on the zeolitic material. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a molding comprising the zeolite catalyst, as well as to processes for the preparation of the molding. The present invention also relates to a process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes using the inventive zeolite catalyst or molding, as well as to their respective use. In particular, the catalyst can be Pt/ZSM-5, Pt-Zn/ZSM-5, Pt-K/ZSM-5 or Pt-Zn-K / ZSM-5, with the zeolite exhibiting a Si/A I molar ratio of 850.

A pronounce approach on the catalytic performance of mesoporous natural silica toward esterification of acetic acid with iso-amyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl alcohols

Catalytic esterification of acetic acid with iso-amyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl alcohols in the liquid phase over unmodified natural silica catalyst has been studied. The virgin and calcined catalysts were characterized by thermal analyses (Thermogravimetry (TG) and diffrential thermal analysis (DTA)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and N2 sorption analyses. The acidity of natural silica catalysts was investigated using isopropyl alcohol dehydration and chemisorption of pyridine and dimethyl pyridine. The results indicated that most of the acidic sites are of Br?nsted type and of intermediate strength. The effect of different parameters such as reaction time, molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and calcination temperature was studied. Natural silica catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance with a selectivity of 100% to acetate esters formation. The maximum yields of isoamyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl acetate esters obtained in the batch conditions were 80, 81, and 83%, respectively. Whereas on adopting a simple distillation technique, these yields were successfully improved to higher values of 97, 98, and 90%, respectively. Experimental results manifested that the reaction followed Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Finally, the catalyst could be completely recycled without loss of its activity after four cycles of the esterification reactions.

TfO-···H-O-H Interaction-Assisted Generation of a Silicon Cation from Allylsilanes: Access to Phenylallyl Ferrier Glycosides from Glycals

We demonstrate here that the strained and bulky protonated 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyridine (TTBPy) triflate salt serves as a mild and efficient organocatalyst for the diastereoselective C-Ferrier glycosylation of various glycals. The importance of the role of the 1/2 H2O molecule trapped in the catalyst has been disclosed. The mechanism of action involves unique anionic triflate and H2O hydrogen-bond interactions that assist the activation of allylsilanes, providing unprecedented access to diastereoselective phenylallyl Ferrier glycosides.

Investigation on the Thermal Cracking and Interaction of Binary Mixture of N-Decane and Cyclohexane

Abstract: The investigation about the thermal cracking performance and interaction of different components in hydrocarbon fuels is of great significance for optimizing the formulation of high-performance hydrocarbon fuels. In this work, thermal cracking of n-decane, cyclohexane and their binary mixture were studied in a tubular reactor under different temperatures and pressures. The gas and liquid products were analyzed in detail with different gas chromatography. The main gas products of pure n-decane and cyclohexane are similar, and there is a certain difference in the main liquid products. For binary mixture, the overall conversion rate and gas yield are lower than their theoretical value. The cracking conversion rate of n-decane in binary mixture is lower than that in pure n-decane, but the opposite change occurs for cyclohexane, and the effect become more obvious as the increase of the reaction pressure. These experimental phenomena can be explained by bond dissociation energy and free radical reaction mechanism. The pressure affects the free radical reaction path, and high pressure is more conducive to bimolecular hydrogen abstraction reaction, which will lead to different product content. A law of interaction between the n-decane and cyclohexane was observed according to the experimental results. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Impact of composition and structural parameters on the catalytic activity of MFI type titanosilicalites

Titanosilicalite of the MFI type was obtained via a hydrothermal method. Its initial and annealed at 75 °C (TS-1P(75)) and 500 °C (TS-1P(500)) forms were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS-method), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (TPD NH3), and pyridine adsorption (Py). The full-profile Rietveld method allowed us to observe the presence of the organic template tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) in the framework voids, as well as to determine the silicate module (Si/Ti = 73.5) and the distribution of Ti4+ ions over the MFI-type structure sites (Ti atoms replace Si ones in two positions: T1 and T6). The coordination numbers of titanium (CNTi = 4.6 for TS-1P and TS-1P(75), CNTi = 3.8 for TS-1P(500)) were established by the XAS-method. The catalytic activity of titanosilicalites was found in the reactions of nitrous oxide decomposition (the maximal decomposition rate is demonstrated for the TS-1P(75) sample), allyl chloride epoxidation to epichlorohydrin (the best combination of all indicators was exhibited for the TS-1P sample) and propane conversion (maximum propane conversion, and butadiene and propylene selectivity were observed in both TS-1P(75) and TS-1P(500) samples). Mechanisms for the catalytic processes are proposed. The relationship between the catalytic properties and the composition (Si/Ti), Ti4+ ion distribution over the MFI-type structure sites, the local environment of titanium ions, and the number of acid sites in the titanosilicalites are discussed.

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OLEFINS FROM ALKANES BY HYDROGEN TRANSFER

This application relates to transfer hydrogenation between light alkanes and olefins, and, more particularly, embodiments related to an integrated olefin production system and process which can produce higher carbon number olefins from corresponding alkanes. Examples methods may include reacting at least a portion of the ethylene and the at least one alkane via transfer hydrogenation to produce at least a mixed product stream comprising generated ethane from at least a portion of the ethylene, unreacted ethylene, and an olefin corresponding to the at least one alkane.

Understanding the origin of selective oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on boron-based catalysts

Boron-based catalysts have been reported to exhibit high selectivity to olefins in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). However, the origin of their superior ODHP selectivity to conventional vanadium-based catalysts is still under debate. In this work, we proposed that oxidized boron species is the active site for highly selective olefin formation in ODHP on boron-based catalysts. Combined isotopic and kinetic experiments suggested that O2 weakly bonds to the electron-deficient B center to form non-dissociative >B–O-O–BB–O-O–B sites. These findings offer in-depth knowledge of ODHP on boron-based catalysts.

STABLE, HIGH SELECTIVITY CATALYSTS AND CATALYST SYSTEMS, AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR USE

The present invention relates to catalysts, catalyst systems, and processes for the production of valuable light olefins, such as C2-C4 olefins (ethylene, propylene, and/or butenes) from paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as propane, through dehydrogenation and metathesis. Some particular aspects relate to the discovery of non-precious metal catalysts and catalyst systems utilizing such catalysts, for example in the case of being in an admixture with a metathesis catalyst, which advantageously exhibit high performance in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability. Other advantages can include a reduced production of byproducts (e.g., methane and ethane) that result from undesired side reactions, in addition to benefits that may be attained through the addition of a sulfur-bearing compound (e.g., H2S).

Light Olefin Production Method Comprising Catalyst Regeneration Using Low Temperature Oxidizing Gas

The present invention relates to a method for producing light olefins, and more particularly, to a method for producing light olefins by alternately supplying reactants and catalyst regeneration by catalytic inactivation by reaction, 1) supplying reactants to a reactor filled with a catalyst to produce a target olefin. 2) The process of 1), wherein the deactivated catalyst is fired in the presence of an oxidizing gas. 3) Step 2), and repeating the step 1). And. In step 2), NO). 2 The method for producing light olefins according to 2), wherein the regeneration temperature of the step is maintained equal to the reaction temperature of the step 1).