Chapter 2 - Parathyroid Hormone Gene: Structure, Evolution, and Regulation

Add time:09/05/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) both bind and activate one receptor, the G protein-coupled PTH/PTHrP receptor, yet they fulfill very different biological functions. PTH is primarily produced in the parathyroid chief cells and is the major regulator of serum calcium. When the level of blood calcium falls, PTH is released from the parathyroid glands and then functions to increase level of blood calcium. When the level of blood calcium rises, PTH secretion is suppressed. This classic endocrine feedback loop stabilizes the level of blood calcium within a narrow range. PTHrP, by contrast, is expressed in most tissues of the human body and acts locally as a paracrine/autocrine factor. During fetal development and during lactation, PTHrP also acts as a hormone regulating calcium homeostasis. In this chapter, we focus on the gene encoding parathyroid hormone.

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