Glaze composition of the Iron Age glazed ceramics from Nimrud, Hasanlu and Borsippa preserved at The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Add time:09/03/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

Eighteen glazed objects from Nimrud, Hasanlu and Borsippa dated to a period from the ninth to sixth century BCE were analysed by micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman). While calcium antimonate (CaSb2O6) and lead pyroantimonate (Pb2Sb2O7) were the main white and yellow opacifiers of the glazes, respectively, white sodium antimonate (NaSbO3) was also sporadically observed in the Nimrud glazes. Copper sulphide associated with cassiterite (SnO2) was used as colouring agent – or probably as opacifier – in a green glaze from Hasanlu. Cassiterite associated with the slag of Cu-Sn copper alloys was also observed in a green glaze from Nimrud suggesting a close tie between metallurgy and glaze-making. Pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl) and arsenian pyromorphite were observed in spherical forms embedded in the yellow glazes of Nimrud and Borsippa.

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