Intensification of paracetamol (acetaminophen) synthesis from Hydroquinone (cas 123-31-9) using ultrasound

Add time:09/09/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most frequently used analgesic and antipyretic drugs. This work deals with ultrasound assisted synthesis (UAS) of paracetamol from Hydroquinone (cas 123-31-9) using ammonium acetate as an amidating agent. The optimization of various reaction and ultrasound parameters was performed to minimize the energy and time requirement. UAS of paracetamol was achieved at a lower temperature (60 °C) and the time (150 min) without formation of salt as a byproduct, making reaction green and inherently safer. On the other hand, the conventional process requires high reaction temperature (220 °C) and time (15 h). The quantification of the product was done by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimization of parameters revealed that the percent yield of 57.72% can be obtained in 150 min by performing the reaction in the ultrasound bath at 22 kHz frequency, 60 °C temperature, hydroquinone to ammonium acetate and acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:6:5, 125 W power, 50% duty cycle and agitation speed of 300 RPM. Hence, ultrasound assisted synthesis can be considered as a process intensification tool for the synthesis of paracetamol and possibly other pharmaceutical compounds.

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