Reference

Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs

Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs. Hoffman, David J.; Albers, Peter H. (Patuxent Wildlife Res. Cent., Fish and Wildlife Serv., Laurel, MD 20708, USA). Arch. Environ.Chemicals with cas numbers 56-38-2 and 94-74-6 also play role. Contam. Toxicol., 13(1), 15-27 (English) 1984. CODEN: AECTCV. ISSN: 0090-4341. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) The embryotoxicity of 42 environmental contaminants applied externally to mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs including crude and refined petroleum, and com. formulations of herbicides and insecticides, are reported. Many of the petroleum pollutants were embryotoxic and moderately teratogenic and had LD50s of 0.3-5 mL/egg (~6-90 mg/g egg). The most toxic was a com. oil used for control or road dust followed by South Louisiana crude oil, Kuwait crude, no. 2 fuel oil, bunker C fuel oil, and industrial and automotive waste oil. Prudhoe Bay crude, unused crankcase oil, aviation kerosine, and aliph. hydrocarbon mixts. were less toxic (LD50s of 18 to >75 mL) and less teratogenic. The median lethal concns. (LC50s) of herbicides and insecticides in aq. emulsion were measured by egg immersion; the most toxic were paraquat (I) [4685-14-7] and trifluralin [1582-09-8] (LC50s of ~1.5 lbs/A; 1.7 kg/ha). Propanil [709-98-8], bromoxynil [1689-84-5] with MCPA [94-74-6], Me diclofop [51338-27-3], prometon [1610-18-0], endrin [72-20-8], sulprofos [35400-43-2], and parathion [56-38-2] were toxic (LC50s of 7-40 lbs/A; 7.8-44.8 kg/ha), whereas 2,4-D [94-75-7], glyphosate [1071-83-6], atrazine [1912-24-9], carbaryl [63-25-2], dalapon [75-99-0], dicamba [1918-00-9], methomyl [16752-77-5], and phosmet [732-11-6] were only slightly toxic or not toxic (LC50s of 178 to >500 lbs/A; 199-560 kg/ha). Pesticides in nontoxic oil vehicle applied by microliter pipet were up to 18 times more toxic than when applied in water vehicle, which was problably due to better penetration of the pesticide past the eggshell and its membranes. Teratogenic effects and impaired embryonic growth are reported and results discussed in terms of potential hazard at field levels of application. A discussion is provided on the effects of pollutants on the eggs of other species of birds under lab. and field conditions. .

A simple single-step derivatization method for the gas chromatographic analysis of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite

A simple single-step derivatization method for the gas chromatographic analysis of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite.Some chemicals with cas registry numbers like 1066-51-9 and 77377-52-7 are also used. Moye, H. Anson; Deyrup, Cynthia L. (Food Sci. Human Nutr. Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA). J. Agric. Food Chem., 32(3), 192-5 (English) 1984. CODEN: JAFCAU. ISSN: 0021-8561. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical Bioregulators) A single-step derivatization method for the herbicide glyphosate [1071-83-6] and its major metabolite (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid [1066-51-9] is reported that allows their anal. at the mg/mL level by gas chromatog. with flame photometric detection. Derivatization is achieved with the reagent N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide [77377-52-7], which introduces the dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl group at active hydrogens. .