NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 1 , (World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210)(1972),p. 80. ; Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 29 , (World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210)(1982),p. 149. ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 1 , (World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210)(1972),p. 80. ; IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 29 , (World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210)(1982),p. 149. . EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

OSHA PEL: OSHA: Cancer Suspect Agent
ACGIH TLV: Confirmed Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: Human Carcinogen
DOT Classification:  6.1; Label: Poison

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-65 or NIOSH: Benzidine in Urine (TLC), 8304; Benzidine in Urine (GC), 8306.

The Benzidine with CAS registry number of 92-87-5 is also known as [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine. The IUPAC name is 4-(4-Aminophenyl)aniline. It belongs to product categories of Intermediates of Dyes and Pigments; Azo dye; Amines; Aromatics; Method 8270More...Close...;8000 Series Solidwaste Methods; Analytical Standards; AromaticsChemical Class; AromaticsMethod Specific; BenzidinesEPA; Chemical Class; A-BMethod Specific; Aryl Amines MAK III, Category 1Alphabetic; Alpha Sort; B; BA - BHEnvironmental Standards; Benzidines; Oeko-Tex Standard 100; Volatiles/ Semivolatiles. Its EINECS registry number is 202-199-1. In addition, the formula is C₁₂H₁₂N₂ and the molecular weight is 184.24.

Physical properties about Benzidine are: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.56; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.5; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.56; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 7.83; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 9.06; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 145.68; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 168.41; (9)#H bond acceptors: 2; (10)#H bond donors: 4; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 3; (12)Polar Surface Area: 6.48Ų; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.667; (14)Molar Refractivity: 59.31 cm³; (15)Molar Volume: 159.2 cm³; (16)Polarizability: 23.51×10^-24cm³; (17)Surface Tension: 54.2 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.156 g/cm³; (19)Flash Point: 203.5 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 60.43 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 358.7 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 2.5E-05 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Benzidine: it is prepared in a two step process from nitrobenzene. First, the nitrobenzene is converted to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, usually using iron powder as the reducing agent. Treatment of this hydrazine with mineral acids induces a rearrangement reaction to 4,4'-benzidine. Smaller amounts of other isomers are also formed. The benzidine rearrangement, which proceeds intramolecularly, is a classic mechanistic puzzle in organic chemistry.

Uses of Benzidine: it has been significantly withdrawn from use in most industries because it is so carcinogenic. In the past, benzidine was used to test for blood. An enzyme in blood causes the oxidation of benzidine to a distinctively blue-coloured derivative. The test for cyanide relies on similar reactivity. Such applications have largely been replaced by methods using phenolphthalein/hydrogen peroxide and luminol.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it. As a chemical, it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. This chemical is very toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Besides, it's danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. This chemical even may cause cancer. During using it, wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. Keep away from sources of ignition and keep container tightly closed. This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. What's more, if you feel unwell seek or accident happens medical advice immediately.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. SMILES: c2c(c1ccc(N)cc1)ccc(N)c2
2. InChI: InChI=1/C12H12N2/c13-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)10-3-7-12(14)8-4-10/h1-8H,13-14H2
3. InChIKey: HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYAX
4. Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C12H12N2/c13-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)10-3-7-12(14)8-4-10/h1-8H,13-14H2
5. Std. InChIKey: HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
dog	LDLo	oral	200mg/kg (200mg/kg)		Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 58, Pg. 167, 1907.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	110mg/kg (110mg/kg)		Progress in Mutation Research. Vol. 1, Pg. 682, 1981.
mouse	LD50	oral	214mg/kg (214mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB214-270,
rabbit	LDLo	oral	200mg/kg (200mg/kg)		Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 58, Pg. 167, 1907.
rat	LD50	oral	309mg/kg (309mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB214-270,