29122-68-7 Usage
Pharmacological Affects
Atenolol ,also known as atenolol, Aten Yue Er, tamoxifen, downhill Ling blood pressure, Tenormin, blood pressure Ling, is a long-acting cardioselective β1-adrenergic blockers, without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity or membrane stability.The atenolol,s retardation for β1 adrenaline receptors is similar with metoprolol, propranolol and nadolol , which is 1/6 times for pindolol and timolol. But, it does not inhibit the effect of the isoproterenol bronchodilator.When administered in small doses, it does not like non-selective β-adrenergic blockers as aggravated hypoglycemia induced hypertensive crisis, peripheral circulatory impairment or patients with obstructive airways disease worsening airway function and so on. However, When administered in large doses, atenolol also can decrease asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, airway function. Atenolol, as a long-term treatment of hypertension, also were reported for affecting airway function. Thus, despite atenolol heart selection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients can only use small doses, but also should be given a sufficient amount of β1-adrenergic receptor agonists.
Oral F is 46%~60%, Tmax about 2~4 h, Mainly unchanged since the urine excretion, T1/2 of 6~7 h. Hemodialysis can clear the goods. Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but not exclusively.The rest of the body is excreted in the stool. Food can reduce the F, fasting and after meals AUC decreased by 20%. Distribution of the central nervous system is relatively few. The ratio of brain tissue to blood concentration was 0.1:1. Easy to achieve in the placenta and the maternal plasma concentrations of same. PPB is less than 5%, Vd is 50~75 L. Atenolol is not metabolized by the liver, most of the drug is excreted from the body in urine, renal insufficiency in patients with T1/2 was significantly prolonged. Patients with renal failure range of T1/2 was 10~28 h, or even up to 100 h. Results at 24 h after, the discharge from the urine of the drug can be reduced by 29%. The T1/2 of patients with hyperthyroidism was significantly shortened, 4.2h.
The above information is edited by the lookchem of Kui Ming.
Chemical Property
White powder. Melting point (146-148 ℃). Soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water, chloroform, Hardly soluble in ethyl ether, slightly smelly.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 29122-68-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. β-blockers. Clinical application in the treatment of hypertension, angina and arrhythmia.
2. Selective b1 adrenergic receptor agonist, anti-hypertensive, anti-anginal, anti-arrhythmic
3. Atenolol is 2-[4′[2-hydroxy-3-(iso-propylamino)propoxy]phenyl]acetamide
(12.1.7) [11–13].Atenolol is a selective β1-adrenoblocker, or in other words, a cardioblocker. Like acebutol,
atenolol possesses antianginal, antihypotensive, and antiarrhythmic action. It is used for arterial hypotension, preventing attacks of angina, sinus tachycardia, and preventing supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.
4. It is used for preventing angina pectoris.
Chemical Properties
White or almost white powder.
Originator
Tenormin,Stuart,UK,1976
Definition
ChEBI: An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.
Manufacturing Process
1 gram of 1-p-carbamoylmethylphenoxy-2,3-epoxypropane and 10 ml of
isopropylamine in 25 ml of methanol is heated in a sealed tube at 110°C for
12 hours. The mixture is evaporated to dryness and the residue is partitioned
between 50 ml of chloroform and 50 ml of aqueous 2 N hydrochloric acid. The
aqueous acidic layer is separated, made alkaline with sodium carbonate and
extracted twice with 50 ml of chloroform each time. The combined extracts
are dried and evaporated to dryness and the residue is crystallized from ethyl
acetate. There is thus obtained 1-p-carbamoylmethyiphenoxy-3-
isopropylamino-2-propanol, MP 146-148°C.
The 1-p-carbamoylmethylphenoxy-2,3-epoxypropane used as starting material
may be obtained as follows: a mixture of 3.2 grams of phydroxyphenylacetamide,
25 ml of epichlorohydrin and 6 drops of piperidine is
heated at 95-100°C for 6 hours. The mixture is cooled and filtered and the
solid product is crystallized from methanol. There is thus obtained 1-pcarbamoylmethylphencxy-
2,3-epoxypropane, MP 158-160°C.
Brand name
Tenormin (AstraZeneca).
Therapeutic Function
Beta-adrenergic blocker
General Description
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards
Biological Activity
Cardioselective β -adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist; antihypertensive; antianginal; antiarrhythmic.
Clinical Use
Beta-adrenoceptor blocker:
Hypertension
Angina
Arrhythmias
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Atenolol may be useful in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias,
premature ventricular contractions (PVC’s, VPC’s),
systemic hypertension and in treating cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Atenolol is relatively safe to use in animals with bronchospastic
disease.
in vitro
(r,s)-atenolol was found to differ slightly regarding potency and to be practically equal regarding relative selectivity, while ici 141,292 had slightly higher relative selectivity and much higher potency. (r,s)-atenolol exhibited highest affinity for the beta 1-receptor population. in contrast, ici 118,551 exhibited a very high relative selectivity with highest affinity for the beta 2-receptor subtype [1].
in vivo
the renal effects of (r,s)-atenolol in rats were studied. results showed that the iv infusion of (r,s)-atenolol increased urinary sodium excretion, urine volume (uv), urinary potassium excretion and urinary chloride excretion. (r,s)-atenolo intraaortally injected produced an increase in uv and sodium concentration in the urine, inducing a more marked increase in total sodium amount excreted from both kidneys [2].
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Anaesthetics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect.
Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of myocardial
depression and bradycardia; increased risk of
bradycardia, myocardial depression and AV block
with amiodarone; increased risk of myocardial
depression and bradycardia with flecainide.
Antidepressants: enhanced hypotensive effect with
MAOIs.
Antihypertensives: enhanced hypotensive effect;
increased risk of withdrawal hypertension with
clonidine; increased risk of first dose hypotensive
effect with post-synaptic alpha-blockers such as
prazosin.
Antimalarials: increased risk of bradycardia with
mefloquine.
Antipsychotics enhanced hypotensive effect with
phenothiazines.
Calcium-channel blockers: increased risk of
bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem;
hypotension and heart failure possible with
nifedipine and nisoldipine; asystole, severe
hypotension and heart failure with verapamil.
Cytotoxics: possible increased risk of bradycardia
with crizotinib.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Fingolimod: possibly increased risk of bradycardia.
Moxisylyte: possible severe postural hypotension.
Sympathomimetics: severe hypertension with
adrenaline and noradrenaline and possibly with
dobutamine.
Metabolism
Roughly half of an orally administered dose of
atenolol (Tenormin) is absorbed.The drug is eliminated
primarily by the kidney and unlike propranolol, undergoes
little hepatic metabolism. Its plasma half-life is approximately
6 hours, although if it is administered to a
patient with impaired renal function, its half-life can be
considerably prolonged.
references
[1] golf, s. ,bjornerheim, r.,erichsen, a., et al. relative selectivity of different β-adrenoceptor antagonists for human heart β1- and β2-receptor subtypes assayed by a radioligand binding technique. scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 47(7), 719-723 (1987).[2] yamazaki n, monma y, tanabe t. effects of propranolol and atenolol on the rat kidney. nihon yakurigaku zasshi. 1983 may;81(5):333-42.[3] stoschitzky k, egginger g, zernig g, klein w, lindner w. stereoselective features of (r)- and (s)-atenolol: clinical pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and radioligand binding studies. chirality. 1993;5(1):15-9.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 29122-68-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,9,1,2 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 29122-68:
(7*2)+(6*9)+(5*1)+(4*2)+(3*2)+(2*6)+(1*8)=107
107 % 10 = 7
So 29122-68-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C14H22N2O3/c1-10(2)16-8-12(17)9-19-13-5-3-11(4-6-13)7-14(15)18/h3-6,10,12,16-17H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,18)/p+1/t12-/m0/s1
29122-68-7Relevant articles and documents
Solvent-Directed Epoxide Opening with Primary Amines for the Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols
Lizza, Joseph R.,Moura-Letts, Gustavo
, p. 1231 - 1242 (2017/03/11)
An efficient synthesis of β-amino alcohols from a variety of epoxides and primary unbranched amines in the absence of any catalyst in high yields and regioselectivities is reported. A variety of polar mixed solvent systems allow for the selective formation of secondary amino alcohols over tertiary amino alcohols. The reaction scope extends to a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic substituted epoxides and primary amines bearing complex functionality.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING AND TREATING SALT SENSITIVITY OF BLOOD PRESSURE
-
, (2015/02/05)
To characterize the urinary exosome miRNome, microarrays were used to identify the miRNA spectrum present within urinary exosomes from ten individuals that were previously classified for their salt sensitivity status. The present application discloses distinct patterns of selected exosomal miRNA expression that were different between salt-sensitive (SS), salt-resistant (SR), and inverse salt-sensitive (ISS) individuals. These miRNAs can be useful as biomarkers either individually or as panels comprising multiple miRNAs. The present invention provides compositions and methods for identifying, diagnosing, monitoring, and treating subjects with salt sensitivity of blood pressure. The applications discloses panels of miRNAs useful for comparing profiles, and in some cases one or more of the miRNAs in a panel can be used. The miRNAs useful for distinguishing SS and SR or ISS and SR subjects. One or more of the 45 miRNAs can be used. Some of the miRNAs have not been previously reported to be circulating. See those miRNAs with asterisks in FIG. 1 and below. The present invention encompasses the use of one or more of these markers for identifying and diagnosing SR, SS, and ISS subjects.
THERAPY FOR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
-
, (2009/07/02)
A method for enhancing glycemic control and/or insulin sensitivity in a human subject having diabetic nephropathy and/or metabolic syndrome comprises administering to the subject a selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist in a glycemic control and/or insulin sensitivity enhancing effective amount. A method for treating a complex of comorbidities in an elderly diabetic human subject comprises administering to the subject a selective ETA receptor antagonist in combination or as adjunctive therapy with at least one additional agent that is (i) other than a selective ETA receptor antagonist and (ii) effective in treatment of diabetes and/or at least one of said comorbidities other than hypertension. A therapeutic combination useful in such a method comprises a selective ETA receptor antagonist and at least one antidiabetic, anti-obesity or antidyslipidemic agent other than a selective ETA receptor antagonist.
