3475-07-8Relevant articles and documents
Ionic-liquid-supported synthesis of amines and derivatives
Debdab, Mansour,Mongin, Florence,Bazureau, Jean Pierre
, p. 4046 - 4052 (2006)
Amine precursors such as glycines protected at nitrogen with a Boc or formyl group were grafted by esterification on the hydroxylated arms of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates or tetrafluoroborates. The cleavage of the Boc group was then realized at room temperature by successively treating acetonitrile solutions of the thus formed glycinates with methanol and acetyl chloride (two equivalents each). Interestingly, the resulting glycinate hydrochlorides were converted into the corresponding amines during the removal of the solvent. Ugi reaction of one of these ionic-liquid-grafted amines with phthalaldehydic acid and tert-butyl isocyanide, followed by cleavage, furnished a phthalimidine. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Preparation and reactions of new zincated nitrogen-containing heterocycles
Prasad, A. S. Bhanu,Stevenson, Thomas M.,Citineni, Janakiram Rao,Nyzam, Valerie,Knochel, Paul
, p. 7237 - 7254 (1997)
A range of nitrogen-containing iodinated or in some cases brominated heterocycles were converted to the corresponding zincated heterocyclic derivatives by the direct insertion of zinc dust under mild conditions (25°C to 70°C, 1-3 h) in a solvent like THF or DMAC. This reaction was extended to the preparation of zincated nucleic acid bases and nucleosides. The reaction of these new zinc reagents toward various electrophiles with palladium (O) or copper(I) catalysis allows the preparation of a broad range of polyfunctional nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Photophysical properties of substituted homoleptic and heteroleptic phenylimidazolinato Ir(III) complexes as a blue phosphorescent material
Karatsu, Takashi,Takahashi, Masatomo,Yagai, Shiki,Kitamura, Akihide
, p. 12338 - 12350 (2013)
Iridium complexes are one of the most important materials for fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). There are difficulties in the preparation of blue phosphorescent complexes with respect to chromaticity, emission efficiency, and stability of the material, compared with green and red phosphorescent complexes. Control of the frontier orbital energy level (HOMO-LUMO) is the sole method to achieve better blue phosphorescent iridium complexes by appropriate ligand selection and the introduction of adequate substituents. Homoleptic and heteroleptic iridium(III) tris(phenylimidazolinate) complexes were synthesized, and the effect of the substituents on their nature in the excited state was examined. Density functional theory calculation showed that the imidazolinato complexes have the HOMO localized at the iridium d- and phenyl π-orbitals. The LUMO is also localized on the phenyl moiety with a much higher population than HOMO. This LUMO is quite different from other complexes, such as iridium(III) tris(phenylpyridinate) and tris(phenylpyrazolinate) complexes. Therefore, substitution with π-electron donating groups and electron withdrawing groups induces blue and red spectral shifts, respectively, which is the reverse shift exhibited by other complexes. The ancillary ligand (acetylacetone) acts as a path for nonradiative deactivation in the blue phosphorescent complexes.
Novel amide and imidazole compounds as potent hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase inhibitors
Olson, Kirk L.,Holt, Melissa C.,Ciske, Fred L.,Kramer, James B.,Heiple, Paige E.,Collins, Margaret L.,Johnson, Carrie M.,Ho, Chi S.,Morano, M. Ines,Barrett, Stephen D.
supporting information, (2021/01/19)
In seeking novel and potent small molecule hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (H-PGDS) inhibitors as potential therapies for PGD2-mediated diseases and conditions, we explored a series comprising multiple aryl/heteroaryl rings attached in a linear arrangement. Each compound incorporates an amide or imidazole “linker” between the pyrimidine or pyridine “core” ring and the “tail” ring system. We synthesized and screened twenty analogs by fluorescence polarization binding assay, thermal shift assay, glutathione S-transferase inhibition assay, and a cell-based assay measuring suppression of LPS-induced PGD2 stimulation. Amide analogs show ten-fold greater shift in the thermal shift assay in the presence of glutathione (GSH) versus the same assay run in the absence of GSH. The imidazole analogs did not produce a significant change in thermal shift between the two assay conditions, suggesting a possible stabilization effect of the amide linker in the synthase-GSH-inhibitor complex. Imidazole analog 23, (KMN-010034) demonstrates superior potency across the in vitro assays and good in vitro metabolic stability in both human and guinea pig liver microsomes.
Bimetallic Cooperative Catalysis for Decarbonylative Heteroarylation of Carboxylic Acids via C-O/C-H Coupling
Liu, Chengwei,Ji, Chong-Lei,Zhou, Tongliang,Hong, Xin,Szostak, Michal
supporting information, p. 10690 - 10699 (2021/04/09)
Cooperative bimetallic catalysis is a fundamental approach in modern synthetic chemistry. We report bimetallic cooperative catalysis for the direct decarbonylative heteroarylation of ubiquitous carboxylic acids via acyl C-O/C-H coupling. This novel catalytic system exploits the cooperative action of a copper catalyst and a palladium catalyst in decarbonylation, which enables highly chemoselective synthesis of important heterobiaryl motifs through the coupling of carboxylic acids with heteroarenes in the absence of prefunctionalization or directing groups. This cooperative decarbonylative method uses common carboxylic acids and shows a remarkably broad substrate scope (>70 examples), including late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and streamlined synthesis of bioactive agents. Extensive mechanistic and computational studies were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism of the reaction. The key step involves intersection of the two catalytic cycles via transmetallation of the copper–aryl species with the palladium(II) intermediate generated by oxidative addition/decarbonylation.
Method for alkylating N1-position of imidazole compound
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Paragraph 0012, (2020/02/29)
The present invention relates to a method for alkylating an N1-position of an imidazole compound and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: mixing an imidazole compound and carbonic ester with a molar ratio of 1:(1-2), conducting a heating reaction under a temperature of 80-140 DEG C under presence of aromatic hydrocarbons or a dipolar aprotic solvent and a strongly basic organic tertiary amine catalyst, and after reaction, directly conducting vacuum distillation or layering, and conducting vacuum distillation to obtain a N1 alkylated imidazole compound. The raw materials used in the method are non-toxic or low-toxic, the process is simple, reaction conditions are mild, and yield is high; and by-products in the reaction process are extremely few, environmental pollution is extremely small, and the preparation method is green and environmentally-friendly.
Mild, Selective Ru-Catalyzed Deuteration Using D2O as a Deuterium Source
Eisele, Pascal,Ullwer, Franziska,Scholz, Sven,Plietker, Bernd
supporting information, p. 16550 - 16554 (2019/12/11)
A method for the selective deuteration of polyfunctional organic molecules using catalytic amounts of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and D2O as a deuterium source is presented. Through variation of additives like CuI, KOH, and various amounts of zinc powder, orthogonal chemoselectivities in the deuteration process are observed. Mechanistic investigation indicates the presence of different, defined Ru-complexes under the given specific conditions.
Alkylation method for nitrogen-hydrogen containing compounds and application thereof
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Paragraph 0048-0051; 0059; 0060, (2018/10/04)
The invention discloses an alkylation method for nitrogen-hydrogen containing compounds and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of synthesis of organic compounds. The invention provides a series of methods for a nitrogen alkylation reaction of N-H containing heterocyclic compounds (II) with N,N-dimethylformamide dialkyl acetal as an alkyl source under the condition of no participation of metals, and a product with a hydrogen atom on a nitrogen atom substituted by R1 is obtained. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of highly-efficient reaction, high yield, simple treatment after the reaction, simple and convenient operation, mild reaction conditions, no participation of the metals, high tolerance of functional groups of a reaction substrate, wide range and easy preparation of the substrate, high reaction efficiency after amplification of the reaction, and applicability to large-scale industrial production.
Development of a supramolecular ensemble of an AIEE active hexaphenylbenzene derivative and Ag@Cu2O core-shell NPs: An efficient photocatalytic system for C-H activation
Chopra, Radhika,Kumar, Manoj,Bhalla, Vandana
supporting information, p. 10179 - 10182 (2016/08/18)
A supramolecular ensemble having Ag@Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles stabilized by aggregates of a hexaphenylbenzene derivative has been developed which exhibits excellent photocatalytic efficiency in reactions involving preparation of imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives via C-H activation.
C-H arylation and alkenylation of imidazoles by nickel catalysis: Solvent-accelerated imidazole C-H activation
Muto, Kei,Hatakeyama, Taito,Yamaguchi, Junichiro,Itami, Kenichiro
, p. 6792 - 6798 (2015/11/24)
The first nickel-catalyzed C-H arylations and alkenylations of imidazoles with phenol and enol derivatives are described. Under the influence of Ni(OTf)2/dcype/K3PO4 (dcype: 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) in t-amyl alcohol, imidazoles can undergo C-H arylation with phenol derivatives. The C-H arylation of imidazoles with chloroarenes as well as that of thiazoles and oxazoles with phenol derivatives can also be achieved with this catalytic system. By changing the ligand to dcypt (3,4-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)thiophene), enol derivatives could also be employed as coupling partners achieving the C-H alkenylation of imidazoles as well as thiazoles and oxazoles. Thus, a range of C2-arylated and alkenylated azoles can be synthesized using this newly developed nickel-based catalytic system. The key to the success of the C-H coupling of imidazoles is the use of a tertiary alcohol as solvent. This also allows the use of an air-stable nickel(ii) salt as the catalyst precursor.
