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78-10-4 Usage

Ethyl silicate

Ethyl silicate is also known as Tetraethyl orthosilicate,colorless, transparent liquid with special smell. Stable under the condition of anhydrous, when encountering water, it decomposes into ethanol and silicic acid, cloudy in moist air, soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents. It is toxic, strong irritative to the human eye and respiratory tract. it is prepared by distillation after the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with ethanol. It is used for producing heat and chemical resistant coatings and preparing silicone solvent, can also be used in organic synthesis, the basic raw material for preparing advanced crystal, used as optical glass processing agent, binders, insulation materials for electronics industry, etc. Ethyl silicate itself is not able to bind, if ethyl silicate is used as refractories binding agents, it must be hydrolyzed before use. TEOS hydrolysis reactions under conditions of water only is very slow, if that is under catalytic action of acid (H +) or base (OH-) catalysis, hydrolysis rate is greatly accelerated. Hydrochloric acid is generally used as a catalyst, as if alkali is as a catalyst, hydrolytic gel will happen soon in hydrolysis solution, leaving the hydrolytic sol destabilized, and thus lose the ability to bind, ethyl silicate hydrolysis under acid catalysis is as follows: The hydrolysis is essentially the ethoxy (C2H5O-)of ethyl silicate is substituent by hydroxyl (-OH) of water, with the result that ethyl silicate (Si4-OC2H5) converted into a silanol group (Si4-OH). Silanol are highly active, can continue to conduct acid exchange reaction or etherification reaction with other silicic acid ethyl or silanols. However, the extent of the hydrolysis reaction is carried out by a certain control, to form a stable hydrolyzate of ethyl silicate. Otherwise, the results of continuous reaction will form a body polyorganosiloxane and lose stability, it becomes insoluble gel, thus lose workability. Stability of ethyl silicate hydrolyzate is adjusted mainly by adding acid or base. When the pH is between 1.5 and 2.5, the gel occurs for a longer time, hydrolyzate is most stable. Lower or higher than this range, hydrolysis prone to gel, the pH is 5-6, the hydrolyzate prone to gel and is most unstable. Thus, the general hydrolyzate should be controlled between 2.0 and 2.5, in order to maintain its stability to maintain a certain working time (the time of construction or molding) after mixed with refractory material. Ethyl silicate hydrolyzate can be used as die casting refractory binding agents, also binding agents for clay, high alumina, corundum, containing zircon, mullite, silicon carbide and castable products. The above information is edited by the lookchem of Yan Yanyong.

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 78-10-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ethyl silicate is a flammable, colourless liquid with a mild, sweet, alcohol-like odour. ?Exposure to ethyl silicate can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact. ?It is practically insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in benzene.
2. Ethyl silicate is a flammable, colourless liquid with a mild, sweet, alcohol-like odour. Exposure to ethyl silicate can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact. It is practically insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in benzene.
3. Ethyl silicate is a flammable, colorless liquid with a mild, sweet, alcohol-like odor. Exposure to ethyl silicate can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact. It is practically insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in benzene. Occupational workers are exposed to ethyl silicate at workplaces associated with the manufacture and transportation of ethyl silicate, during use as a bonding agent for industrial buildings and investment castings, ceramic shells, crucibles, refractory bricks, and other molded objects, as a protective coating for heatand chemical-resistant paints, lacquers, and fi lms, in the manufacture of protective and preservative coatings for protection from corrosion (primarily as a binder for zinc dust paints), chemicals, heat, scratches, and fi re. Workers are also exposed to the chemical substance in the production of silicones; as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of soluble silica; as a gelling agent in organic liquids, as a coating agent inside electric lamp bulbs, in the synthesis of fused quartz, and during industrial use in the textile industry in aqueous emulsions, deluster, and fi reproofi ng; as a component of lubricants; as a mold-release agent; and as a heat-resistant adhesive.
4. Ethyl silicate is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sharp odor detectable @ 85 ppm

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 78-10-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1. Tetraethyl orthosilicate is Used as insulating materials in electronic industry, also used for optical glass processing and used as coagulants. 2. For precision casting, as a sand binder. Metal surface treated by ethyl silicate vapor can be anticorrosion and waterproof. Ethyl silicate can be used to bleed on the metal surface of the silicon, processing optical glass can improve its light transmittance. Fine silica powder produced by complete hydrolysis can be used to manufacture the phosphor. Ethyl silicate is raw material for silicone oil. Ethyl silicate can also be used to manufacture heat-resistant, chemical-resistant coatings. In Japan, 90% of ethyl silicate is used as an anti-corrosion coating (zinc-rich paint) base material. 3. Tetraethyl orthosilicate is Mainly used in chemical-resistant coatings and heat-resistant coatings, used as silicone solvent and precision-made binder. Fine silica powder produced after complete hydrolysis, used for the manufacture of phosphor, also used as a chemical reagent. 4. Tetraethoxysilane is mainly used in optical glass, chemical resistant coatings and heat-resistant coatings and adhesives, modification for anti-corrosion coating, used as crosslinking agent, a binder, a dehydrating agent, used for manufacturing catalyst skeleton, high purity ultrafine silica. 5. Used as Insulating materials in electronic industry, coatings, optical glass treatment agents, coagulants, used for organic synthesis, used as solvents for the preparation of organosilicon.
2. Commonly used as a precursor to prepare xerogel1,2
3. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate is used in the preparation of antidreflective coatings on silicate glass via silicon dioxide. Crosslinking reagent.
4. In weatherproofing and hardening stone, arresting decay and disintegration; manufacture of weatherproof and acidproof mortars and cements. In the "lost wax" process for casting of high-melting alloys.

Production method

It is produced by esterification of silicon tetrachloride with ethanol at normal temperature and pressure.

Category

Flammable liquids.

Toxicity grading

Poisoning

Acute toxicity

Oral-rat LD50: 6270 mg/kg, Inhalation-rat LCL0: 85 g/cubic meter.

Stimulus data

Skin-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours moderate. Eyes-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours mild.

Explosive hazardous characteristics

Can be explosive mixed with air.

Flammability hazard characteristics

Combustible, fire toxic fumes of silicon oxide emissions.

Storage Characteristics

Treasury ventilation low-temperature drying, stored separately from oxidants.

Extinguishing agent

Foam, powder, carbon dioxide, sand.

Occupational standards

TWA 85 mg/m3, STEL 170 mg/m3.

Production Methods

Prepared from absolute alcohol and silicon tetrachloride.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a faint odor. Flash point 125°F. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air.

Air & Water Reactions

Flammable. Practically insoluble in water. Reacts slowly with water to form silica and ethyl alcohol [Merck].

Reactivity Profile

Tetraethyl orthosilicate reacts exothermically with acids Strong oxidizing acids may cause a reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. May generate with caustic solutions. May generate flammable hydrogen with alkali metals and hydrides.

Hazard

Moderate fire risk. Strong irritant to eyes, nose, throat.

Health Hazard

Different sources of media describe the Health Hazard of 78-10-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Exposures to ethyl silicate cause adverse health effects. The symptoms of poisoning include, but are not limited to, irritation of the eye, mucous membrane, respiratory tract, respiratory diffi culty, tremor, fatigue, narcosis, nausea, and vomiting. Prolonged periods of skin contact may produce drying, cracking, infl ammation, and dermatitis. As observed in laboratory animals, occupational workers exposed to the chemical substance may suffer from liver and kidney damage, CNS depression, and anemia. At concentrations of 3000 ppm, ethyl silicate causes extreme and intolerable irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes; at 1200 ppm, it produces tearing of the eyes; at 700 ppm, it causes mild stinging of the eyes and nose; and at 250 ppm, it produces slight irritation of the eyes and nose.
2. Inhalation of vapor causes eye and nose irritation, unsteadiness, tremors, salivation, respiratory difficulty, and unconsciousness. Contact with liquid irritates eyes and may cause dryness, cracking, and inflammation of skin. Ingestion may produce nausea, vomiting, and cramps.

Fire Hazard

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by other routes. A skin,mucous membrane, and severe eye irritant. Narcotic in high concentrations. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also ESTERS.

Potential Exposure

Ethyl silicate is used as a binder in production of cases and molds for investment casting of metals. The next largest application is in corrosion-resistant coatings; primarily as a binder for zinc dust paints. Miscellaneous uses include the protection of white-light bulbs; the preparation of soluble silicas; catalyst preparation and regeneration; and as a crosslinker and intermediate in the production of silicones

Shipping

UN1292 Tetraethyl acetate, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Purification Methods

Fractionate it through an 80cm Podbielniak type column (p 11) with a heated jacket and partial take-off head. It is slowly decomposed by H2O-and is soluble in EtOH. It is flammable-it irritates the eyes and mucous membranes. [Sumrell & Ham J Am Chem Soc 78 5573 1956, Bradley et al. J Chem Soc 5020 1952, Beilstein 1 IV 1360.]

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers; strong acids; water.

Waste Disposal

Incineration in admixture with a more flammable solvent.

Precautions

Occupational workers should avoid contact between ethyl silicate and strong oxidizers, water, mineral acids, and alkalis. Workers should use appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment that must be carefully selected, used, and maintained to be effective in preventing skin contact with ethyl silicate. The selection of the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., gloves, sleeves, encapsulating suits) should be based on the extent of the worker’s potential exposure to ethyl silicate. There are no published reports on the resistance of various materials to permeation by ethyl silicate.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 78-10-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 78-10:
(4*7)+(3*8)+(2*1)+(1*0)=54
54 % 10 = 4
So 78-10-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C17H20N2O2S.Si/c1-3-20-15-9-5-13(6-10-15)18-17(22)19-14-7-11-16(12-8-14)21-4-2;/h5-12H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,18,19,22);/q;+4

78-10-4 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • Alfa Aesar

  • (14082)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99+%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 50g

  • 402.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (14082)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99+%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 500g

  • 572.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (14082)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99+%   

  • 78-10-4

  • *4x500g

  • 1146.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (14082)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99+%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 2.5kg

  • 1218.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (40251)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99.9%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 100g

  • 432.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (40251)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99.9%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 500g

  • 664.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (40251)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99.9%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 2kg

  • 2203.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (22967)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99.999+% (metals basis)   

  • 78-10-4

  • 50g

  • 788.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (22967)  Tetraethoxysilane, 99.999+% (metals basis)   

  • 78-10-4

  • 250g

  • 3085.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A14965)  Tetraethoxysilane, 98%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 100ml

  • 201.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A14965)  Tetraethoxysilane, 98%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 500ml

  • 344.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A14965)  Tetraethoxysilane, 98%   

  • 78-10-4

  • 2500ml

  • 927.0CNY

  • Detail

78-10-4SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Tetraethyl orthosilicate

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names ethyl orthosilicate

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:78-10-4 SDS

78-10-4Synthetic route

potassium ethoxide
917-58-8

potassium ethoxide

tetraethoxy orthosilicate
78-10-4

tetraethoxy orthosilicate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethyl silicate 40; silicon at 150 - 180℃; under 760.051 Torr; Concentration; Inert atmosphere;99%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

silicon tetrafluoride
7783-61-1

silicon tetrafluoride

magnesium
7439-95-4

magnesium

A

magnesium fluoride

magnesium fluoride

B

tetraethoxy orthosilicate
78-10-4

tetraethoxy orthosilicate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: ethanol; magnesium With iodine at 20℃; for 3.5h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;
Stage #2: silicon tetrafluoride for 2.5h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;
Stage #3: at 300℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Calcination;
A 98%
B 82%
tetrachlorosilane
10026-04-7, 53609-55-5

tetrachlorosilane

tetraethoxy orthosilicate
78-10-4

tetraethoxy orthosilicate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C2H5OH byproducts: HCl; calcd. amts. of SiCl4 and anhyd. C2H5OH; continuous passing of the mixt. through a heated, packed tube-system under addn. of ethanol on passing a inert gas in opposite direction;;97.5%
With ethanol byproducts: HCl; calcd. amts. of SiCl4 and anhyd. C2H5OH; continuous passing of the mixt. through a heated, packed tube-system under addn. of ethanol on passing a inert gas in opposite direction;;97.5%
With ethanol; ammonia byproducts: NH4Cl; SiCl4, C2H5OH and dry NH3;;92%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

tetraethoxy orthosilicate
78-10-4

tetraethoxy orthosilicate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetrachlorosilane; trichlorosilane; nickel dichloride at 50 - 60℃; for 3h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; Large scale;96.9%
With tetrachlorosilane; ammonia at 80℃; for 3h; Temperature;93.2%
With tetrachlorosilane; zinc under 75.0075 - 375.038 Torr; Reflux;91%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

silicon
7440-21-3

silicon

A

tetraethoxy orthosilicate
78-10-4

tetraethoxy orthosilicate

B

Triethoxysilane
998-30-1

Triethoxysilane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sebaconitrile; copper(I) oxide In NALKYLENE 500 at 200℃; for 14h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 3.32%
B 95.7%
With octanedinitrile; copper(I) oxide In NALKYLENE 500 at 200℃; for 14 - 21h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 3.45%
B 94.18%
With hexanedinitrile; copper(I) oxide In NALKYLENE 500 at 200℃; for 14h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 5.26%
B 93.38%

78-10-4Relevant articles and documents

-

Ogier

, p. 118 (1879)

-

Martin, G.

, p. 319 - 328 (1915)

Method for removing methyldichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride impurities in trimethyl chlorosilane

-

Paragraph 0037-0038; 0045-0046; 0050-0052; 0064; 0079; ..., (2021/08/25)

The invention relates to a method for removing methyldichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride impurities in trimethyl chlorosilane, which comprises a hydrosilylation reaction, a partial esterification reaction and a complete esterification reaction. Firstly, a mixture of trimethylsilyl chloride containing methyldichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride impurities is added to a reactor for hydrosilylation reaction, and the reaction product enters a separation system. The silicon tetrachloride in the mixture is partially esterified and reacted by adding the low-carbon alcohol as an esterifying agent, and the reaction product enters a separation system. Finally, the partially esterified product is further fully esterified to valuable tetraalkoxy silicon products. The high-efficiency recycling of trimethylchlorosilane is realized, and high-value utilization is also realized.

Method for preparing organosilane by utilizing organosilicone byproduct

-

Paragraph 0021-0023; 0025-0026, (2020/07/13)

The invention relates to the technical field of production of organic silicon by-products. The invention aims to solve the problems of high cost, more three wastes and continuous production of byproducts in the traditional organic silicon byproduct treatment process. The method comprises the following steps: adding the organic silicon by-product into a nitrogen-protected glass lining reaction kettle with a tower, adding a catalyst, dropwise adding alcohol to the bottom of the glass lining reaction kettle, carrying out a heating reaction under a stirring condition, neutralizing the obtained material, and rectifying the neutralized material to obtain the organic silane. According to the method, the multi-component organic silicon by-products trichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride react and are converted into the same product, the high-purity product can be obtained only through simple rectification and purification, the process is simple, the treatment cost is low, and the product hasgood economic value.

Nucleophile induced ligand rearrangement reactions of alkoxy- and arylsilanes

Docherty, Jamie H.,Dominey, Andrew P.,Thomas, Stephen P.

, p. 3330 - 3335 (2019/05/10)

The ligand-redistribution reactions of aryl- and alkoxy-hydrosilanes can potentially cause the formation of gaseous hydrosilanes, which are flammable and pyrophoric. The ability of generic nucleophiles to initiate the ligand-redistribution reaction of commonly used hydrosilane reagents was investigated, alongside methods to hinder and halt the formation of hazardous hydrosilanes. Our results show that the ligand-redistribution reaction can be completely inhibited by common electrophiles and first-row transition metal pre-catalysts.

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