78-10-4 Usage
Uses
Used in Electronic Industry:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used as an insulating material for its excellent dielectric properties, which help protect electronic components from electrical interference and short circuits.
Used in Optical Glass Processing:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used to improve the light transmittance of optical glass by forming a thin film on the glass surface, enhancing its optical properties.
Used in Precision Casting:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate serves as a sand binder in the precision casting process, providing a strong bond between sand particles and ensuring the accuracy of the final cast product.
Used in Metal Surface Treatment:
Metal surfaces treated with ethyl silicate vapor exhibit anticorrosion and waterproof properties, making them suitable for various applications in harsh environments.
Used in Silicone Oil Production:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is a key raw material in the production of silicone oil, which is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics, textiles, and lubricants.
Used in Chemical-resistant and Heat-resistant Coatings:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used as a binder in the formulation of chemical-resistant and heat-resistant coatings, providing protection to surfaces exposed to harsh chemicals and high temperatures.
Used in Japan as an Anti-corrosion Coating Base Material:
In Japan, 90% of ethyl silicate is used as a base material for zinc-rich paint, an anti-corrosion coating that offers excellent protection against corrosion.
Used in the Manufacture of Phosphor:
Fine silica powder produced by the complete hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate is used in the manufacture of phosphor, a luminescent material used in various applications, such as lighting and displays.
Used in the Preparation of Antidreflective Coatings:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used in the preparation of antidreflective coatings on silicate glass via silicon dioxide, improving the optical properties of the glass.
Used in Weatherproofing and Hardening Stone:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used in the weatherproofing and hardening of stone, arresting decay and disintegration, and in the manufacture of weatherproof and acidproof mortars and cements.
Used in the "Lost Wax" Process for Casting High-melting Alloys:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used in the "lost wax" process for casting high-melting alloys, providing a precise and detailed replication of the original wax model.
Used as a Precursor to Prepare Xerogel:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is commonly used as a precursor to prepare xerogel, a type of porous, low-density material with various applications, such as catalysis and drug delivery.
Used as a Crosslinking Reagent:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used as a crosslinking reagent in the synthesis of various materials, improving their mechanical and chemical properties.
Used as Insulating Materials, Coatings, Optical Glass Treatment Agents, and Coagulants:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used in various applications, such as insulating materials, coatings, optical glass treatment agents, and coagulants, due to its unique properties.
Used for Organic Synthesis and as Solvents for Organosilicon Preparation:
Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used as a solvent for the preparation of organosilicon compounds and in organic synthesis, contributing to the development of new materials and chemicals.
Ethyl silicate
Ethyl silicate is also known as Tetraethyl orthosilicate,colorless, transparent liquid with special smell. Stable under the condition of anhydrous, when encountering water, it decomposes into ethanol and silicic acid, cloudy in moist air, soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents. It is toxic, strong irritative to the human eye and respiratory tract. it is prepared by distillation after the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with ethanol. It is used for producing heat and chemical resistant coatings and preparing silicone solvent, can also be used in organic synthesis, the basic raw material for preparing advanced crystal, used as optical glass processing agent, binders, insulation materials for electronics industry, etc.
Ethyl silicate itself is not able to bind, if ethyl silicate is used as refractories binding agents, it must be hydrolyzed before use. TEOS hydrolysis reactions under conditions of water only is very slow, if that is under catalytic action of acid (H +) or base (OH-) catalysis, hydrolysis rate is greatly accelerated. Hydrochloric acid is generally used as a catalyst, as if alkali is as a catalyst, hydrolytic gel will happen soon in hydrolysis solution, leaving the hydrolytic sol destabilized, and thus lose the ability to bind, ethyl silicate hydrolysis under acid catalysis is as follows:
The hydrolysis is essentially the ethoxy (C2H5O-)of ethyl silicate is substituent by hydroxyl (-OH) of water, with the result that ethyl silicate (Si4-OC2H5) converted into a silanol group (Si4-OH). Silanol are highly active, can continue to conduct acid exchange reaction or etherification reaction with other silicic acid ethyl or silanols.
However, the extent of the hydrolysis reaction is carried out by a certain control, to form a stable hydrolyzate of ethyl silicate. Otherwise, the results of continuous reaction will form a body polyorganosiloxane and lose stability, it becomes insoluble gel, thus lose workability. Stability of ethyl silicate hydrolyzate is adjusted mainly by adding acid or base. When the pH is between 1.5 and 2.5, the gel occurs for a longer time, hydrolyzate is most stable. Lower or higher than this range, hydrolysis prone to gel, the pH is 5-6, the hydrolyzate prone to gel and is most unstable. Thus, the general hydrolyzate should be controlled between 2.0 and 2.5, in order to maintain its stability to maintain a certain working time (the time of construction or molding) after mixed with refractory material. Ethyl silicate hydrolyzate can be used as die casting refractory binding agents, also binding agents for clay, high alumina, corundum, containing zircon, mullite, silicon carbide and castable products.
The above information is edited by the lookchem of Yan Yanyong.
Production method
It is produced by esterification of silicon tetrachloride with ethanol at normal temperature and pressure.
Toxicity grading
Poisoning
Acute toxicity
Oral-rat LD50: 6270 mg/kg, Inhalation-rat LCL0: 85 g/cubic meter.
Stimulus data
Skin-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours moderate. Eyes-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours mild.
Explosive hazardous characteristics
Can be explosive mixed with air.
Flammability hazard characteristics
Combustible, fire toxic fumes of silicon oxide emissions.
Storage Characteristics
Treasury ventilation low-temperature drying, stored separately from oxidants.
Extinguishing agent
Foam, powder, carbon dioxide, sand.
Occupational standards
TWA 85 mg/m3, STEL 170 mg/m3.
Production Methods
Prepared from absolute alcohol and silicon tetrachloride.
Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Practically insoluble in water. Reacts slowly with water to form silica and ethyl alcohol [Merck].
Reactivity Profile
Tetraethyl orthosilicate reacts exothermically with acids Strong oxidizing acids may cause a reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. May generate with caustic solutions. May generate flammable hydrogen with alkali metals and hydrides.
Hazard
Moderate fire risk. Strong irritant to eyes,
nose, throat.
Health Hazard
Exposures to ethyl silicate cause adverse health effects. The symptoms of poisoning include, but are not limited to, irritation of the eye, mucous membrane, respiratory tract, respiratory diffi culty, tremor, fatigue, narcosis, nausea, and vomiting. Prolonged periods of skin contact may produce drying, cracking, infl ammation, and dermatitis. As observed in laboratory animals, occupational workers exposed to the chemical substance may suffer from liver and kidney damage, CNS depression, and anemia. At concentrations of 3000 ppm, ethyl silicate causes extreme and intolerable irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes; at 1200 ppm, it produces tearing of the eyes; at 700 ppm, it causes mild stinging of the eyes and nose; and at 250 ppm, it produces slight irritation of the eyes and nose.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of vapor causes eye and nose irritation, unsteadiness, tremors, salivation, respiratory difficulty, and unconsciousness. Contact with liquid irritates eyes and may cause dryness, cracking, and inflammation of skin. Ingestion may produce nausea, vomiting, and cramps.
Fire Hazard
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by other routes. A
skin,mucous membrane, and severe eye
irritant. Narcotic in high concentrations.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or
flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing
materials. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also
ESTERS.
Potential Exposure
Ethyl silicate is used as a binder in
production of cases and molds for investment casting of
metals. The next largest application is in corrosion-resistant
coatings; primarily as a binder for zinc dust paints.
Miscellaneous uses include the protection of white-light
bulbs; the preparation of soluble silicas; catalyst preparation and regeneration; and as a crosslinker and intermediate
in the production of silicones
Shipping
UN1292 Tetraethyl acetate, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
Purification Methods
Fractionate it through an 80cm Podbielniak type column (p 11) with a heated jacket and partial take-off head. It is slowly decomposed by H2O-and is soluble in EtOH. It is flammable-it irritates the eyes and mucous membranes. [Sumrell & Ham J Am Chem Soc 78 5573 1956, Bradley et al. J Chem Soc 5020 1952, Beilstein 1 IV 1360.]
Incompatibilities
May form explosive mixture with air.
Strong oxidizers; strong acids; water.
Waste Disposal
Incineration in admixture
with a more flammable solvent.
Precautions
Occupational workers should avoid contact between ethyl silicate and strong oxidizers, water, mineral acids, and alkalis. Workers should use appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment that must be carefully selected, used, and maintained to be effective in preventing skin contact with ethyl silicate. The selection of the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., gloves, sleeves, encapsulating suits) should be based on the extent of the worker’s potential exposure to ethyl silicate. There are no published reports on the resistance of various materials to permeation by ethyl silicate.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 78-10-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 78-10:
(4*7)+(3*8)+(2*1)+(1*0)=54
54 % 10 = 4
So 78-10-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C17H20N2O2S.Si/c1-3-20-15-9-5-13(6-10-15)18-17(22)19-14-7-11-16(12-8-14)21-4-2;/h5-12H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,18,19,22);/q;+4
78-10-4Relevant articles and documents
Catalysis of triethoxysilane disproportionation with oligoethylene glycol ethers
Parshina, Lidiya N.,Oparina, Lyudmila A.,Khil'ko, Marina Ya.,Trofimov, Boris A.
, p. 246 - 249 (2003)
Oligoethylene glycol ethers catalyze the disproportionation of triethoxysilane to tetraethoxysilane and silane both at room temperature and upon heating. For comparison, the CsF-catalyzed disproportionation of triethoxysilane has been examined and found m
Mechanochemical method of producing triethoxysilane
Temnikov,Anisimov,Chistovalov,Zhemchugov,Kholodkov,Zimovets,Vysochinskaya, Yu. S.,Muzafarova
, p. 270 - 274 (2019)
A mechanochemical method for synthesis of triethoxysilane from silicon-copper contact mass and ethyl alcohol in the developed vibration reactor is presented. It is shown that the process of a direct alkoxysilane synthesis in the vibro-boiling layer is affected by a series of control parameters such as the ratio between the contact mass and the mass of grinding bodies, the grinding body sizes and their ratios in a polydisperse mixture, power density. Optimization of these parameters allowed us to obtain HSi(OEt)3 with a selectivity of 50% at a silicon conversion of 90% without the use of promoters.
Method for removing methyldichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride impurities in trimethyl chlorosilane
-
Paragraph 0037-0038; 0045-0046; 0050-0052; 0064; 0079; ..., (2021/08/25)
The invention relates to a method for removing methyldichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride impurities in trimethyl chlorosilane, which comprises a hydrosilylation reaction, a partial esterification reaction and a complete esterification reaction. Firstly, a mixture of trimethylsilyl chloride containing methyldichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride impurities is added to a reactor for hydrosilylation reaction, and the reaction product enters a separation system. The silicon tetrachloride in the mixture is partially esterified and reacted by adding the low-carbon alcohol as an esterifying agent, and the reaction product enters a separation system. Finally, the partially esterified product is further fully esterified to valuable tetraalkoxy silicon products. The high-efficiency recycling of trimethylchlorosilane is realized, and high-value utilization is also realized.
Sustainable Catalytic Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate
Putro, Wahyu S.,Ikeda, Akira,Shigeyasu, Shinji,Hamura, Satoshi,Matsumoto, Seiji,Lee, Vladimir Ya.,Choi, Jun-Chul,Fukaya, Norihisa
, p. 842 - 846 (2020/12/07)
New sustainable approaches should be developed to overcome equilibrium limitation of dialkyl carbonate synthesis from CO2 and alcohols. Using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and CO2 with Zr catalysts, we report the first example of sustainable catalytic synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC). The disiloxane byproduct can be reverted to TEOS. Under the same conditions, DEC can be synthesized using a wide range of alkoxysilane substrates by investigating the effects of the number of ethoxy substituent in alkoxysilane substrates, alkyl chain, and unsaturated moiety on the fundamental property of this reaction. Mechanistic insights obtained by kinetic studies, labeling experiments, and spectroscopic investigations reveal that DEC is generated via nucleophilic ethoxylation of a CO2-inserted Zr catalyst and catalyst regeneration by TEOS. The unprecedented transformation offers a new approach toward a cleaner route for DEC synthesis using recyclable alkoxysilane.
Method for preparing organosilane by utilizing organosilicone byproduct
-
Paragraph 0021-0023; 0025-0026, (2020/07/13)
The invention relates to the technical field of production of organic silicon by-products. The invention aims to solve the problems of high cost, more three wastes and continuous production of byproducts in the traditional organic silicon byproduct treatment process. The method comprises the following steps: adding the organic silicon by-product into a nitrogen-protected glass lining reaction kettle with a tower, adding a catalyst, dropwise adding alcohol to the bottom of the glass lining reaction kettle, carrying out a heating reaction under a stirring condition, neutralizing the obtained material, and rectifying the neutralized material to obtain the organic silane. According to the method, the multi-component organic silicon by-products trichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride react and are converted into the same product, the high-purity product can be obtained only through simple rectification and purification, the process is simple, the treatment cost is low, and the product hasgood economic value.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING TETRAALKOXYSILANE
-
Paragraph 0055; 0056-0061; 0062; 0063-0066; 0069-0073, (2020/12/01)
An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a tetraalkoxysilane with a high energy efficiency and with a high yield. The present invention provides a method for producing a tetraalkoxysilane, the method including: a first step of reacting an alcohol with a silicon oxide; and a second step of bringing a vaporized component of the reaction mixture obtained in the first step into contact with a molecular sieve.
Nucleophile induced ligand rearrangement reactions of alkoxy- and arylsilanes
Docherty, Jamie H.,Dominey, Andrew P.,Thomas, Stephen P.
, p. 3330 - 3335 (2019/05/10)
The ligand-redistribution reactions of aryl- and alkoxy-hydrosilanes can potentially cause the formation of gaseous hydrosilanes, which are flammable and pyrophoric. The ability of generic nucleophiles to initiate the ligand-redistribution reaction of commonly used hydrosilane reagents was investigated, alongside methods to hinder and halt the formation of hazardous hydrosilanes. Our results show that the ligand-redistribution reaction can be completely inhibited by common electrophiles and first-row transition metal pre-catalysts.
Alkoxy metal powder as well as preparation method and application thereof
-
Paragraph 0075-0076, (2019/12/02)
The invention relates to a preparation method and an application of alkoxy metal powder, which are applied to preparation of an alkoxy metal carrier of an olefin polymerization catalyst. The alkoxy metal carrier comprises the following components: metal halide, sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate, or a solvent. The molar ratio of the components for preparing the alkoxy metal compound is as follows: metal halide: sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate = 1:(0.001-30); wherein the metal halide is a metal chloride, a metal bromide, a metal fluoride or a metal iodide; the metal is a main group metal, a sub-group metal or a VIII group metal. The catalyst prepared from the carrier is used for preparing an olefin polymerization catalyst, and has the advantages of high catalyst activity, good hydrogen regulation performance, good copolymerization performance, low polymer powder content, low wax content and good particle morphology; the catalyst is used for ethylene homopolymerization,ethylene and alpha-olefin copolymerization or ethylene and polar alkene monomer copolymerization, propylene homopolymerization, propylene and alpha-olefin copolymerization, or propylene and polar alkene monomer copolymerization.
Dipyrromethene and β-Diketiminate Zinc Hydride Complexes: Resemblances and Differences
Ballmann, Gerd,Grams, Samuel,Elsen, Holger,Harder, Sjoerd
supporting information, p. 2824 - 2833 (2019/08/12)
A new dipyrromethene (DPM) ligand with bulky DIPP-substituents is introduced (DIPP = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). The ligand, abbreviated as DIPPDPM, was deprotonated with ZnEt2 to give (DIPPDPM)ZnEt, which reacted with I2 to form (DIPPDPM)ZnI. Reaction of the latter with K[N(iPr)HBH3] afforded a labile Zn amidoborane complex which, after β-hydride elimination, formed (DIPPDPM)ZnH. Crystal structures of (DIPPDPM)ZnX (X = Et, I, H) revealed their monomeric nature. The Zn-N bond distances are somewhat longer than those in the corresponding monomeric β-diketiminate complexes (DIPPBDI)ZnX (DIPPBDI = CH[C(Me)N-DIPP]2). This is in agreement with calculated NPA charges, which are lower on the N atoms of DPM compared to those on BDI. Reaction of (DIPPDPM)ZnH with CO2 gave (DIPPDPM)Zn(O2CH), which crystallized as a monomer with a symmetrically bound η2-formate ligand. In contrast, the β-diketiminate complex crystallizes as a dimer [(DIPPBDI)Zn(O2CH)]2 with bridging formate ligands. Reaction of (DIPPDPM)Zn(O2CH) with various silanes regenerated the hydride complex (DIPPDPM)ZnH. Catalytic CO2 hydrosilylation with (EtO)3SiH using (DIPPDPM)ZnH as a catalyst gave full reduction to [Si]-OMe species, whereas the catalyst (DIPPBDI)ZnH only partially reduced CO2 to [Si]-OC(O)H. The advantage of the DIPPDPM ligand is the arrangement of the DIPP-substituents, which form a pocket around the Zn-X unit, preventing dimerization and influencing its reactivity. In addition, in contrast to the negatively charged central backbone carbon in the DIPPBDI ligand, that in DIPPDPM is neutral. This makes it less nucleophilic and Br?nsted basic, as expected for a true spectator ligand.
Synthesis of Polycyclic and Cage Siloxanes by Hydrolysis and Intramolecular Condensation of Alkoxysilylated Cyclosiloxanes
Sugiyama, Tomoaki,Shiba, Hiroya,Yoshikawa, Masashi,Wada, Hiroaki,Shimojima, Atsushi,Kuroda, Kazuyuki
, p. 2764 - 2772 (2019/02/01)
The controlled synthesis of oligosiloxanes with well-defined structures is important for the bottom-up design of siloxane-based nanomaterials. This work reports the synthesis of various polycyclic and cage siloxanes by the hydrolysis and intramolecular condensation of monocyclic tetra- and hexasiloxanes functionalized with various alkoxysilyl groups. An investigation of monoalkoxysilylated cyclosiloxanes revealed that intramolecular condensation occurred preferentially between adjacent alkoxysilyl groups to form new tetrasiloxane rings. The study of dialkoxy- and trialkoxysilylated cyclotetrasiloxanes revealed multistep intramolecular condensation reactions to form cubic octasiloxanes in relatively high yields. Unlike conventional methods starting from organosilane monomers, intramolecular condensation enables the introduction of different organic substituents in controlled arrangements. So-called Janus cubes have been successfully obtained, that is, Ph4R4Si8O12, in which R=Me, OSiMe3, and OSiMe2Vi (Vi=vinyl). These findings will enable the creation of siloxane-based materials with diverse functions.
