99-77-4Relevant articles and documents
Further characterization of mitsunobu-type intermediates in the reaction of dialkyl azodicarboxylates with P(III) compounds
Kumara Swamy,Praveen Kumar,Bhuvan Kumar
, p. 1002 - 1008 (2006)
Structural characterization of compounds analogous to the proposed intermediates in the Mitsunobu esterification process is achieved by the combined use of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometric studies. The results show that compounds (t-BuNH)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P[(N-t-Bu)(N-(CO 2R)-N(H)(CO2R))] [R = Et (11), i-Pr (12)], obtained by treating [(t-Bu-NH)P-μ-N-t-Bu]2 (10) with diethylazodicarboxylate (DEAD) or diisopropylazodicarboxylate (DIAD), respectively, have a structure with the NH proton residing between the two nitrogen atoms ((P)N(t-Bu) and (P)N-N(CO2Et)); this is the tautomeric form of the expected betaine (t-BuNH)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P+[(NH-t-Bu)(N-(CO 2R)-N-(CO2R)]. Treatment of ClP(μ-N-t-Bu) 2P[(N-t-Bu){N-(CO2-i-Pr)-N(H)(CO2-i-Pr)] (6) with 2,6-dicholorophenol affords (2,6-Cl2-C6H 3-O)P-(μ-N-t-Bu)2P+[(NH-t-Bu){N[(CO 2i-Pr)(HNCO2i-Pr)]}](Cl-)(2,6-Cl 2-C6H3-OH) (14) that has a structure similar to that of (CF3CH2O)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P +[(NH-t-Bu){N[(CO2i-Pr)(HNCO2i-Pr)]}](Cl -) (13), but with an additional hydrogen bonded phenol. Both of these have the protonated betaine structure analogous to that of Ph3P +N(CO2R)NH(CO2R)(R′CO2) - (2) proposed in the Mitsunobu esterification. Two other compounds, (ArO)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P+(NH-t-Bu){N(CO2i-Pr) (HNCO2i-Pr)}(Cl-) [Ar = 2,6-Me2C 6H3O- (15) and 2-Me-6-t-Bu-C6H3-O- (16)], are also prepared by the same route. Although NMR tube reactions of 11 or 12 with tetrachlorocatechol, catechol, 2,2′-biphenol, and phenol revealed significant changes in the 31P NMR spectra, attempted isolation of these products was not successful. On the basis of 31P NMR spectra, the phosphonium salt structure (t-BuNH)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P +[(HN-t-Bu){N-(CO2R)-N(H)(CO2R)]-(ArO -) is proposed for these. The weakly acidic propan-2-ol or water did not react with 11 or 12, Treatment of 12 with carboxylic acids/p-toluenesulfonic acid gave the products (t-BuNH)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P+[(HN-t- Bu){N-(CO2-i-Pr)-N(H)(CO2-i-Pr)](ArCO2-) [Ar = Ph (18), 4-Cl-C6H4CH2 (19), 4-Br-C 6H4 (20), 4-NO2-C6H4 (21)] and (t-BuNH)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P+|(HN-t-Bu){N-(CO 2-i-Pr)-N(H)(CO2-i-Pr)](4-CH3-C 6H4SO3-) (22) that have essentially the same structure as 2. Compound 18 has additional stabilization by hydrogen bonding, as revealed by X-ray structure determination. Finally it is shown that the in situ generated (t-BuNH)P(μ-N-t-Bu)2P+[(HN-t-Bu) {N-(CO2Et)-N(H)(CO2Et)](4-NO2-C 6H4CO2-) can also effect Mitsunobu esterification. A comparison of the Ph3P-DIAD system with the analogous synthetically useful Ph3P-dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) system is made.
Design, Synthesis, and Study of the Insecticidal Activity of Novel Steroidal 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles
Bai, Hangyu,Jiang, Weiqi,Li, Qi,Li, Tian,Ma, Shichuang,Shi, Baojun,Wu, Wenjun
, p. 11572 - 11581 (2021/10/12)
A series of novel steroidal derivatives with a substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole structure was designed and synthesized, and the target compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against five aphid species. Most of the tested compounds exhibited potent insecticidal activity against Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Myzus persicae, and Aphis citricola. Compounds 20g and 24g displayed the highest activity against E. lanigerum, showing LC50 values of 27.6 and 30.4 μg/mL, respectively. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut cells of E. lanigerum were detected by transmission electron microscopy, indicating that these steroidal oxazole derivatives might exert their insecticidal activity by destroying the mitochondria and nuclear membranes in insect midgut cells. Furthermore, a field trial showed that compound 20g exhibited effects similar to those of the positive controls chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam against E. lanigerum, reaching a control rate of 89.5% at a dose of 200 μg/mL after 21 days. We also investigated the hydrolysis and metabolism of the target compounds in E. lanigerum by assaying the activities of three insecticide-detoxifying enzymes. Compound 20g at 50 μg/mL exhibited inhibitory action on carboxylesterase similar to the known inhibitor triphenyl phosphate. The above results demonstrate the potential of these steroidal oxazole derivatives to be developed as novel pesticides.
Selective Mild Oxidation of Anilines into Nitroarenes by Catalytic Activation of Mesoporous Frameworks Linked with Gold-Loaded Mn3O4 Nanoparticles
Armatas, Gerasimos S.,Daikopoulou, Vassiliki,Koutsouroubi, Eirini D.,Lykakis, Ioannis N.,Skliri, Euaggelia
, (2021/11/01)
This work reports the synthesis and catalytic application of mesoporous Au-loaded Mn3O4 nanoparticle assemblies (MNAs) with different Au contents, i. e., 0.2, 0.5 and 1 wt %, towards the selective oxidation of anilines into the corresponding nitroarenes. Among common oxidants, as well as several supported gold nanoparticle platforms, Au/Mn3O4 MNAs containing 0.5 wt % Au with an average particle size of 3–4 nm show the best catalytic performance in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a mild oxidant. In all cases, the corresponding nitroarenes were isolated in high to excellent yields (85–97 %) and selectivity (>98 %) from acetonitrile or greener solvents, such as ethyl acetate, after simple flash chromatography purification. The 0.5 % Au/Mn3O4 catalyst can be isolated and reused four times without a significant loss of its activity and can be applied successfully to a lab-scale reaction of p-toluidine (1 mmol) leading to the p-nitrotulene in 83 % yield. The presence of AuNPs on the Mn3O4 surface enhances the catalytic activity for the formation of the desired nitroarene. A reasonable mechanism was proposed including the plausible formation of two intermediates, the corresponding N-aryl hydroxylamine and the nitrosoarene.
