Instrumental Analysis
Description: This is an introductory course to the basic instrumental analysis techniques. Principles, Instrumental Components and Relevant Analytical Applications of optical, electroanalytical, chromatographic  and electrophoretic techniques will be examined.

Contents:
Introduction to instrumental analysis: Fundamental of the instrumental analysis. Classification of the instrumental techniques. Calibration in instrumental analysis.
Signal and noise: Chemical and instrumental noise.
Introduction to optical techniques: The nature of radiant energy. Electromagnetic spectrum. Interactions electromagnetic radiation with matter. Absorption and emission spectra. Classification of the optical techniques.
UV/Visible Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy: Beer´s Law. Instrumentation. Applications.
Molecular Emission Spectroscopy: Fluororescence and phosphorescence. Instrumentation. Applications.
Atomic Absorption: Atomic Spectra. Atomization. Characteristics of flames.
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: radiation sources, interferences. Flame Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Applications.
Introduction to Electroanalytical Techniques : Electrolisis and electrochemical reactions. Reversibles and irreversibles electrochemical systems. Electrodes. Classification of electroanalytical techniques.
Potentiometry: Direct potentiometry.Liquid junction potentials.Ion-selective electrodes. Potentiometric titrations Instrumentation. Applications. Voltammetric Techniques: Introduction. Principles of Polarography. Linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry. Applications.Introduction to Chromatography: Definition and principles. Classification. Column chromatography. Selectivity, performance and resolution. Applications.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Equipment, solvents and column. Separation process. Isocratic and gradient elution techniques. Derivatization. Chromatography with chemically bonded phases. Ionic exchange chromatography. Affinity chromatography. Applications.
Gas Chromatography: Instrumentation. Column, mobile phase and stationary phases in GC. Sample inlet systems.
Chromatographic process control : flow and temperature of mobile phase. Detection system. Applications.
Electrophoretic Techniques: Basic principles. Classification of electrophoretic techniques. Capillary electrophoresis: instrumentation, separation modes and applications.

Training course:
Analysis of analytes mixture using UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrophotometry . Fluorimetric determination of quinine in tonic water. Determination of Ca in milk using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Separation of analytes mixture using high liquid chromatography (HPLC).