Highly cis-1,4 selective polymerization of dienes with homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts based on NCN-pincer rare earth metal dichloride precursors

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/ja711146t

The first aryldiimine NCN-pincer ligated rare earth metal dichlorides (2,6-(2,6-C₆H₃R₂N=CH)₂-C ₆H₃)LnCl₂(THF)₂ (Ln = Y, R = Me (1), Et (2), ⁱPr (3); R = Et, Ln = La (4), Nd (5), Gd (6), Sm (7), Eu (8), Tb (9), Dy (10), Ho (11), Yb (12), Lu (13)) were successfully synthesized via transmetalation between 2,6-(2,6-C₆H₃-R ₂N=CH)₂-C₆H₃Li and LnCl ₃(THF)_1-3.5. These complexes are isostructural monomers with two coordinating THF molecules, where the pincer ligand coordinates to the central metal ion in a κC:κN: κN′ tridentate mode, adopting a meridional geometry. Complexes 1-6, 9-11, and 13 combined with aluminum tris(alkyl)s and [Ph₃C][B(C₆F₅) ₄] established a homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst system, which exhibited high activities and excellent cis-1,4 selectivities for the polymerizations of butadiene (T_p = 25°C, 99.9%; 0°C, 100%) and isoprene (T_p = 25°C, 98.8%). Remarkably, such high cis-1,4 selectivity almost remained at elevated polymerization temperatures up to 80°C and did not vary with the type of the central lanthanide element, however, which was influenced obviously by the ortho substituent of the N-aryl ring of the ligands and the bulkiness of the aluminum alkyls. The Ln-Al bimetallic cations were considered as the active species. These results shed new light on improving the catalytic performance of the conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the specific selective polymerization of dienes.