with
tients was controlled
13
alone;
hemodialysis
of
Determination
received
antihypertensive drugs.
patients
Parameters
Echocardiographic
Two-dimensional and M-mode
with calcium chan-
treated
were
Eight patients
with
a
combination
nel
three
blockers;
echocardiograms
therapy
obtained
to the recommendation
and
one
were
of calcium channel blockers
according
the American
angiotensin-
a
of
with
com-
of
inhibitors;
Echocardiographyl8
Society
converting enzyme
the calcium channel
an Aloka SSD
860
thickness
wall thickness
of
bination
blocker,
using
system
(Tokyo, Japan).
therapy
left ven-
(IVST),
inhibitor
Interventricular
tricular
and
septal
enzyme
angiotensin-converting
left
dimen-
with
Seven
and one
tients were current
(LVPWT),
al-blocker.
~3-blocker;
posterior
pa-
or former smokers. Nine men
ventricular end-diastolic and
end-systolic
M-
a
of
control
and
were measured
and six womenwithout
chronic ill-
sions
(LVDd
LVDs)
history
using
Percent frac-
as
modeechocardiographic
shortening
calculated with the
ness
healthy
The
recordings.
participated
subjects
tional
of the left ventricle
was
patients whohad
59 9years).
(mean
(%FS)
formula:
age,
valvular heart
disease,
disease,
or
coronary artery
left ventricular
following
atrial
fibrillation,
dysfunction,
diabetes mellitus were excluded fromthis
study.
All
consent.
after
informed
Left ventricular masswas estimated from the fol-
formula
subjects
participated
giving
Devereux and
Reichekl9:
lowing
by
Protocol
Study
determined hemo-
Left ventricular mass was divided
face area to derive the left ventricular mass index
sur-
First,
echocardiographically
by body
left
ventricular
dynamic
parameters including
mass
risk
factors
to cardiovas-
(LVMI).
(LVM),
relating
z
cular
andAD
at
were measured
the be-
diseases,
’
’&dquo;
of the
With use of these
mea-
study.
ginning
Determinations ofRisk Factors for
we examined the
relat-
surements,
parameters
Cardiovascular Disease
to the LVM.
after at
least
months
identi-
a
24
Second,
ing
28
The
the
servation
information was collected from
4
(mean
months)
In
following
charts
follow-up period:
cal
were
at the
and the end of ob-
between
measured.
addition,
parameters
difference in LVM index
beginning
was determined be-
sex,
period: age,
weight gains
tween the
start and the end of the
duration of
hemodialysis,
hemodialysis, original
study
and the
between dLVMI
and status of
The
(dLVMI),
various
disease,
smoking.
following
relationships
blood measurements were obtained before he-
and
were examined.
parameters
intact
hor-
HDL-cho-
modialysis : hemoglobin,
parathyroid
mone
total
(intact
PTH),
cholesterol,
of
Determination
Aortic
Distensibility
and
level. In
lesterol,
addition,
plas-
triglyceride
ma concentration of brain
To evaluate
cine
0.5
was
resonance
resonance
natriuretic
AD,
with
magnetic
peptide
a
T
was measured before
re-
as
(BNP)
sys-
performed
magnetic
hemodialysis
a
tem
Toshiba MRT 50
using
(Tokyo, Japan).
ported previously.20
Aortic
of
the
and de-
’
distensibility
ascending
aorta was
as
measured
scending
reported previ-
Statistical
Analysis
After observation of aortic wall move-
ously.l2-1’’
All values are shown as mean
ment, wechose the cine frames ofthe maximum
SD. The
signifi-
and minimum
measurements
the
cance of differences within the same
was
transverse areas of aorta for
group
of AD. After determinations of
with the
Student’s
t
and
and he-
with the un-
test,
analyzed
two
paired
maximum and minimum transverse areas of de-
were
groups comparing healthy subjects
were
their areas
measured
AD was cal-
aorta,
modialysis patients
Student’s test. To
by
scending
analyzed
1.
t
as shown in
evaluate the relation-
linear
Then,
formula:
paired
tracing
culated with the
Figure
between two
variables,
ship
following
regression
relationship
to examine
was used. To
determine the
analysis
x
area
AD
area - min.
AP)
(1)
(max.
area) / (min.
between the risk
factors and ADand
the influence ofrisk factors on
AP
where
means
re-
LVH,
pressure.
multiple
pulse
935
Dupuis
