Syntheses and characterization of two coordination polymers constructed by the ligand 3,5-Bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzoic acid

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/zaac.200900170

Two coordination polymers, namely [Zn(L1)(OAc)]H₂O(1) and [Cd(L1)₂](2), where L1 = 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzoic acid, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction an

Full text of DOI:10.1002/zaac.200900170

ARTICLE
DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900170
Syntheses and Characterization of Two Coordination Polymers Constructed
by the Ligand 3,5ꢀBis(pyridinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic Acid
GuangꢀJuan Xu,[a] YaꢀHui Zhao,[a] KuiꢀZhan Shao,[a] YanꢀHong Xu,[a] XinꢀLong Wang,[a]
ZhongꢀMin Su,*[a] and LiꢀKai Yan[a]
Keywords: Coordination modes; Polymers; 3,5ꢀBis(pyridinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic acid; Xꢀray diffraction; Luminescence
Abstract. Two coordination polymers, namely [Zn(L1)(OAc)]·H2O (1) L1 in the adjacent layers extend the 2D layer into a 3D supramolecular
and [Cd(L1)2] (2), where L1 = 3,5ꢀbis(pyridinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic architecture. The structure of 2 is a 2D (3,5)ꢀconnected net with
acid, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characꢀ (3·52)(32·53·64·7) topology. In addition, the luminescent properties of
terized by singleꢀcrystal Xꢀray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 has a complexes 1 and 2 have been studied in the solid state at room temperꢀ
2D layer structure in which the hydrogen bonds between lattice water ature.
molecules and uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms of the ligand
ties [12, 13]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there
Introduction
were no related reports of the polymers constructed by d10
The rational design and synthesis of coordination polymers
metal and the ligand L1 so far. With the aim of understanding
have attracted intense attention in the field of supramolecular
the coordination chemistry of L1 and preparing new materials
chemistry and crystal engineering because of their intriguing
with interesting structural topologies and excellent physical
aesthetic structures and topological features as well as their poꢀ
properties, we have recently been engaged in the research of
tential applications as functional materials [1–4]. It is well
polymer complexes with such ligands.
known that the multiple coordination sites of ligands can form
In this paper we report two new coordination polymers,
the structures of higher dimensions and the high symmetry of
[Zn(L1)(OAc)]·H2O (1) and [Cd(L1)2] (2) (L1 = 3,5ꢀbis(pyriꢀ
ligands may result in novel structures [5]. For example, pyridyl
dinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic acid). Complex 1 has a 2D layer
dicarboxylic acid ligands, such as pyridineꢀ2,4ꢀdicarboxylic
structure in which the hydrogen bonds between lattice water
acid, pyridineꢀ2,5ꢀdicarboxylic acid, pyridineꢀ2,6ꢀdicarboxylic
molecules and uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms of L1
acid, pyridineꢀ3,4ꢀdicarboxylic acid and pyridineꢀ3,5ꢀdicarboxꢀ
ligands in the adjacent layers extend the 2D layer into a 3D
ylic acid have been widely used by Kitagawa, Wang, Cao, Zhu
supramolecular architecture. The structure of 2 is a 2D (3,5)ꢀ
connected net with (3·52)(32·53·64·7) topology.
and their coꢀworkers in the construction of highꢀdimensional
structures with large pores or undulated layers [6–10]. However,
relative to rigid ligands, flexible ones have more advantages
because their flexibility and conformational freedom allow them Experimental Section
to get conform to the coordination environment of the transitionꢀ
Materials and Physical Measurements
metal ions [11]; based on this, we designed a new pyridyl carꢀ
boxylic acid ligand, 3,5ꢀbis(pyridinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic acid
(L1), which contains a rigid phenyl ring spacer and two freely
rotating pyridyl arms. This new ligand may cause the planes of
the pyridyl rings to rotate with respect to the plane of the central
phenyl ring and therefore it is a good candidate to produce
unique structural motifs with beautiful aesthetics.
All reagents and solvents employed were commercially available and
used as received without further purification. The ligand L1 was synꢀ
thesized readily by the procedure reported in the literature [14]. Eleꢀ
mental analyses (C, H and N) were performed with a Perkin–Elmer
240C elemental analyzer. The Fourier transform infrared (FTꢀIR) specꢀ
tra were recorded from KBr pellets in the range 4000–400 cm–1 with a
Mattson AlphaꢀCentauri spectrometer. Solidꢀstate luminescent spectra
were measured with a Cary Eclipse spectrophotometer (Varian)
equipped with a xenon lamp and quartz carrier at room temperature.
Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was performed with a Perkin–Elmer
TGꢀ7 analyzer heated from 40 to 700 °C under nitrogen.
On the other hand, d10 metal (ZnII and CdII) complexes have
attracted extensive interest in recent years because of their high
transparency in the UV region and photoluminescent properꢀ
* Prof. Dr. Z.ꢀM. Su
EꢀMail: zmsu@nenu.edu.cn
[a] Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
Faculty of Chemistry
Syntheses
[Zn(L1)(OAc)]·H2O (1): A mixture of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O (0.30mmol,
0.066g), L1 (0.20mmol, 0.036g) and NaOH (0.60mmol, 0.024g) in
Northeast Normal University
Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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© 2009 WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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G.ꢀJ. Xu, Y.ꢀH. Zhao, K.ꢀZ. Shao, Y.ꢀH. Xu, X.ꢀL. Wang, Z.ꢀM. Su, L.ꢀK. Yan
ARTICLE
Table 2. Selected bond lengths /Å and angles /° for complexes 1 and 2a).
H2O (14ml) was sealed in a 25 mL Teflonꢀlined stainless steel conꢀ
tainer, which was heated at 150 °C for 72 h and afterwards cooled
down to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C·h–1. Colorless crystals of
1 were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in air to
give the product; yield, 36.5 % (based on ZnII salts). Elemental analyꢀ
ses calcd. (%) for C21H20N2O7Zn (477.76): C, 52.73; H, 4.23; N, 5.86.
Found C, 52.66; H, 4.28; N, 5.92. IR (KBr pellet): 3448 (s), 1592 (s),
1434 (s), 1374 (s), 1168 (m), 1064 (m), 815 (w), 778 (w) cm–1.
Complex 1
Zn(1)–O(2)
1.953(3) Zn(1)–O(5)
1.955(5)
2.047(4)
122.17(2)
97.68(2)
Zn(1)–N(2)#1
2.030(4) Zn(1)–N(1)#2
101.81(2) O(2)–Zn(1)–N(2)#1
106.72(2) O(2)–Zn(1)–N(1)#2
O(2)–Zn(1)–O(5)
O(5)–Zn(1)–N(2)#1
O(5)–Zn(1)–N(1)#2
121.92(2) N(2)#1–Zn(1)–N(1)#2 107.58(2)
Complex 2
[Cd(L1)2] (2): Similar procedures were performed to obtain colorless
crystals of complex 2, except that Cd(OAc)2·2H2O (0.30mmol, 0.080g)
was used instead of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O. Yield, 42.5 % (based on CdII
salts). Elemental analyses calcd. (%) for C38H30N4O8Cd (783.06): C,
58.28; H, 3.87; N, 7.16. Found C, 58.32; H, 3.89; N, 7.13. IR (KBr
pellet): 1571 (s), 1396 (s), 1222 (w), 1143 (s), 1049 (m), 803 (m), 774
(s), 663 (w) cm–1.
Cd(1)–O(2)#1
Cd(1)–O(5)#2
Cd(1)–N(2)
2.209(2) Cd(1)–O(6)#2
2.581(2) Cd(1)–N(3)#3
2.379(3) Cd(1)–N(4)
2.266(2)
2.316(2)
2.428(3)
O(2)#1–Cd(1)–O(6)#2 89.32(9) O(6)#2–Cd(1)–O(5)#2 53.94(7)
O(2)#1–Cd(1)–O(5)#2 143.06(8) N(3)#3–Cd(1)–O(5)#2 88.01(8)
N(2)–Cd(1)–O(5)#2
O(2)#1–Cd(1)–N(3)#3 128.70(9) O(6)#2–Cd(1)–N(3)#3 141.94(9)
O(2)#1–Cd(1)–N(2)
N(3)#3–Cd(1)–N(2)
O(6)#2–Cd(1)–N(4)
N(2)–Cd(1)–N(4)
93.17(9) N(4)–Cd(1)–O(5)#2
87.48(9)
91.90(1) O(6)#2–Cd(1)–N(2)
88.61(9) O(2)#1–Cd(1)–N(4)
89.26(9) N(3)#3–Cd(1)–N(4)
178.47(9)
92.24(9)
88.40(1)
90.03(1)
Xꢀray Crystallographic Analysis
Data collection of complexes 1 and 2 were performed on a Bruker
Smart Apex II CCD diffractometer with graphiteꢀmonochromated Moꢀ
Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å) at room temperature. All absorption corꢀ
rections were performed by using the SADABS program. The crystal
structure was solved by direct methods and refined with fullꢀmatrix
leastꢀsquares (SHELXTLꢀ97) with atomic coordinates and anisotropic
thermal parameters for all nonꢀhydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms
of aromatic rings were included in the structure factor calculation at
idealized positions by using a riding model. The detailed crystalloꢀ
graphic data and structure refinement parameters for complexes 1 and
2 are summarized in Table 1. Selected bond lengths and angles are
given in Table 2. CCDCꢀ724696 and ꢀ724697 contain the supplemenꢀ
tary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained
free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via
http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.
a) Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: for 1:
#1 x – 1, y, z – 1; #2 x – 1, y – 1, z; for 2: #1 x, y – 1, z; #2 x, y + 1, z; #3
x + 1/2, –y – 1/2, z + 1/2.
crystallographically independent ZnII ion, one L1 ligand, one
OAc– ligand and one lattice water molecule in the asymmetric
unit. As shown in Figure 1a, the ZnII ion is in a tetrahedral arꢀ
rangement with one carboxylate oxygen atom [Zn–O
1.953(3) Å] of one L1 ligand, one carboxylate oxygen atom
[Zn–O 1.955(5) Å] of one OAc– ligand and two nitrogen atoms
[Zn–N 2.030(4)–2.047(4) Å] of two L1 ligand molecules. The
Zn–O and Zn–N bond lengths are all in the normal ranges [15].
The coordination modes of L1 ligand in this work are summaꢀ
rized in Scheme 1. In complex 1, each L1 ligand molecule acts
as a triꢀconnector linking three ZnII ions (Scheme 1a), the carꢀ
boxylate group connects one ZnII atom through a monodentate
oxygen atom, two pyridyl nitrogen atoms bind to two ZnII atoms.
Figure 1b shows that in the ac plane all zinc atoms are connected
with each other by carboxyl groups and pyridyl nitrogen atoms
of L1 ligand molecules, thus forming novel {Zn3O6C27N4} 40ꢀ
membered rings. All the rings are further linked to form a 2D
Zn–O–C–N layer. By trying the ZnII atom as a single node and
connecting the nodes according to the connectivity defined by
the geometrical centers of the L1 ligand, a distorted 2D (63) netꢀ
work sustained by 3ꢀconnected nodes is then yielded, as illusꢀ
trated in Figure 1c. Moreover, the hydrogen bonds between latꢀ
tice water molecules and uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen
atoms of L1 ligand molecules in the adjacent layers extend the
2D layer into a 3D supramolecular architecture.
Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinements for complexes 1 and 2.
Complex
1
2
Formula
C21H20N2O7Zn C38H30N4O8Cd
Formula weight
477.76
783.06
Monoclinic
P21/n
Crystal system
Triclinic
¯
Space group
a /Å
b /Å
c /Å
P1
8.667(1)
10.414(2)
12.021(2)
91.937(3)
108.644(2)
90.073(3)
1027.4(5)
2
13.098(3)
10.395(3)
24.441(4)
90
α /°
β /°
98.350(2)
90
γ /°
V /Å3
Z
3292(2)
4
D
calcd. /g·cm–3
1.544
1.580
µ /mm–1
1.242
0.726
F(000)
492
1592
Observed reflection/unique
Rint
5298/3612
0.0345
18640/6942
0.0368
1.006
Goodnessꢀofꢀfit on F2
R1a), wR2b) [I > 2σ(I)]
R1, wR2 (all data)
1.037
0.0580, 0.1058 0.0375, 0.0770
0.0986, 0.1238 0.0625, 0.0857
2 2 1/2
The crystal structure of 2 contains one CdII atom and two L1
ligands in the asymmetric unit. As shown in Figure 2a, each CdII
atom is coordinated by three carboxylate oxygen atoms [Cd–O
2.209(2)–2.581(2) Å] of two L1 ligand molecules and three niꢀ
trogen atoms [Cd–N 2.316(2)–2.428(3) Å] of two L1 ligands to
furnish a distorted octahedral arrangement. The Cd–O and Cd–
N bond lengths are all in the normal ranges [16]. In complex 2,
a) R1 = ∑||Fo|–|Fc||/∑|Fo|. b) wR2 = |∑w(|Fo|2–|Fc|2)|/∑|w(Fo ) |
.
Results and Discussion
Crystal Structures
Singleꢀcrystal Xꢀray diffraction analysis reveals that complex the L1 ligand molecules adopt two coordination modes: one L1
1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 and there are one (L1b) ligand bridges two CdII atoms through one carboxylate
¯
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Two Coordination Polymers with 3,5ꢀBis(pyridinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic Acid
Figure 1. (a) The coordination environment of ZnII atoms in complex 1. All of the hydrogen atoms and lattice water molecules were omitted for
clarity. (b) View of the 2D layer structure of 1 along the ac plane. (c) Schematic view of the 2D 3ꢀconnected net of 1 with (63) topology. (Symmetry
transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: A, 1+x, 1+y, z; B, x, y, –1+z.).
Scheme 1. Coordination modes of the L1 ligand in complexes 1 and 2.
group and one pyridyl nitrogen atom, containing an uncoordiꢀ zigzag chains are further connected by L1c from the positions of
nated pyridyl nitrogen atom; and the other molecule (L1c) conꢀ the metal atoms to generate a 2D layer structure (Figure 2b).
nects three CdII atoms through one carboxylate group and two
Topologically, each CdII atom is attached to five L1 ligand molꢀ
pyridyl nitrogen atoms (Scheme 1b and Scheme 1c). The CdII ecules, which can be considered as a 5ꢀconnected node; each L1b
atoms are first connected by L1b to generate 1D zigzag chains ligand connects to two CdII atoms and each L1c molecule conꢀ
with the separation between two CdII atoms of 10.395 Å. The 1D nects three CdII atoms, thus, L1b can be considered as a linear
Figure 2. (a) The coordination environment of CdII atoms in complex 2. All of the hydrogen atoms were omitted for clarity. (b) View of the 2D layer
structure of 2 along the bc plane. (c) Schematic view of the 2D (3,5)ꢀconnected net of 2 with (3.52)(32·53·64·7) topology. (Symmetry transformations
used to generate equivalent atoms: A, 1+x, 1+y, z; B, x, y, –1+z.).
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2009, 2671–2675
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G.ꢀJ. Xu, Y.ꢀH. Zhao, K.ꢀZ. Shao, Y.ꢀH. Xu, X.ꢀL. Wang, Z.ꢀM. Su, L.ꢀK. Yan
ARTICLE
linker between two CdII atoms, whereas L1c can be considered as ples under nitrogen with a heating rate of 10 °C·min–1 (Figꢀ
a 3ꢀconnected node. On the basis of this simplification, complex ure 4). The TG curve of 1 shows that the first weight loss of
2 possesses a 2D (3,5)ꢀconnected net, as shown in Figure 2c. The 3.64 % between 50 and 140 °C corresponding to the loss of the
Schläfli symbol of the network is (3·52)(32·53·64·7). In the literaꢀ lattice water molecules (calcd. 3.77 %), afterwards it is stable up
ture, the (3,5)ꢀconnected frameworks are often encountered [17], to 240 °C. The framework collapsed in the temperature range of
but we are not aware of a precedent characterized by such topolꢀ 240–560 °C before the final formation of ZnO (obsd. 17.26 %,
ogy like that found in 2.
calcd. 17.03 %). The TG curve of 2 shows one main weight loss.
As to the synthesis of complexes 1 and 2, all the reaction condiꢀ No weight losses were observed for the complex up to 300 °C;
tions are the same except for the difference of the metal ions. above 300 °C, significant weight losses occurred and ended at
From the structural difference of 1 and 2, we can see that the inꢀ 540 °C, indicating the removal of the corresponding organic
crease in coordination number (from 4 to 6) of metal ions induꢀ components. The remaining weight may correspond to the final
ces the progressive increase in complexity of the ultimate net products of CdO (obsd. 16.58 %, calcd. 16.40 %).
[from uninodal 3 to binodal (3,5)]; in other words, the coordinaꢀ
tion number of metal ions plays a significant role in tuning the
connectivity of a specific network. On the other hand, the flexiꢀ
ble ligand L1 has the advantage that its flexibility and conformaꢀ
tional freedom allows it to get conform to the coordination enviꢀ
ronment of the transition metal ions. This is further evidence that
the selection of suitable metal ions and organic ligands is a major
strategy to synthesize functional materials with useful properꢀ
ties.
Luminescent Properties
The photoluminescent behaviors of polymers 1, 2 and the free
ligand L1 were studied in the solid state at room temperature. As
shown in Figure 3, the main emission peak of L1 is at 391 nm
(λex = 246 nm), which can be assigned to π* → n and π* → π
transitions of the intraligands. Complex 1 shows the emission
Figure 4. TG curves of 1 and 2.
maxima at 423 nm (λex = 374 nm), complex 2 shows the emisꢀ
sion maxima at 405 nm (λex = 365 nm). The emission of comꢀ
plexes 1 and 2 may be attributed to intraligand fluorescence
emission [5b,18].
Conclusion
In summary, we synthesized two novel coordination polymers,
namely [Zn(L1)(OAc)]·H2O (1) and [Cd(L1)2] (2), constructed
from 3,5ꢀbis(pyridinꢀ4ꢀylmethoxy)benzoic acid ligand under
hydrothermal conditions. The successful syntheses of the two
complexes indicate that it is promising to build up unusual archiꢀ
tectures by combining transition metals and L1 ligands, thus
opening a new field in the preparation of metal coordination polꢀ
ymers with potential luminescent properties.
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Na
tional Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 20703008),
Chang Jiang Scholars Program (2006), Program for Changjiang Scholꢀ
ars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0714), the Training
Fund of NENU’s Scientific Innovation Project (NENUꢀSTC07017) and
Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University
(20080502).
Figure 3. Solidꢀstate luminescent spectra of L1, 1 and 2 at room temperꢀ
ature.
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Received: March 25, 2009
Published Online: September 8, 2009
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2009, 2671–2675
© 2009 WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
www.zaac.wileyꢀvch.de
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