Synthesis, crystal structures and in vitro antibacterial activity of two novel organotin(IV) complexes

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.004

Two triorganotin(IV) carboxylates [nBu₃SnOL]_n (KK1) and [Ph₃SnOL]_n (KK2) have been prepared by the reactions of (E)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid (HL) with n(Bu ₃Sn)₂O and Ph

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.004

Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
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Inorganica Chimica Acta
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Note
Synthesis, crystal structures and in vitro antibacterial activity of two novel
organotin(IV) complexes
Banfeng Ruan b, Yupeng Tian a,c, , Rentao Hu d, Hongping Zhou a, , Jieying Wu a, Jiaxiang Yang a,
⇑
⇑
Hailiang Zhu b,
⇑
a Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
b State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
c State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
d Anhui Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hefei 230039, PR China
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 1 April 2010
Received in revised form 31 August 2010
Accepted 3 September 2010
Available online 16 September 2010
Two triorganotin(IV) carboxylates [nBu3SnOL]n (KK1) and [Ph3SnOL]n (KK2) have been prepared by the
reactions of (E)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid (HL) with n(Bu3Sn)2O and Ph3Sn(OH), respec-
tively. Complexes KK1 and KK2 have been structurally characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-
ray crystallography, confirming that both complexes possess infinite 1D chain structures. It’s exciting
to discover that KK1 and KK2 exhibit strong solid-state luminescence emission while the HL almost
quenches. Furthermore, both complexes were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against two
Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and
two Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 13525 and Escherichia coli ATCC
35218) by MTT method. Complex KK2 exhibited powerful antibacterial activities against S. aureus with
Keywords:
Organotin(IV) carboxylate
Single crystal diffraction
Solid-state luminescence emission
Antibacterial activity
MIC value of 0.78
lg/mL, which was superior to the positive controls penicillin G. On the basis of the bio-
logical results, structure–activity relationships were discussed.
Ó 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
[12–16]. It is generally believed that a combination of steric and
electronic factors determine the specific structure adapted by a
particular organotin carboxylate [17]. Furthermore, it has been re-
ported that the size of the carboxylic acids used and the stoichiom-
etry of the reactants play an important role in the formation of
solid-state frameworks [12]. For better understanding of the struc-
tural diversity and the structure–activity relationships of such
complexes, we have synthesized a series of carboxylic acids to re-
act with some organotin(IV) precursors. Herein, we report the syn-
thesis, characterization, structural study of two new organotin(IV)
carboxylates with interesting infinite 1D chain structures. Both
complexes and the ligand were tested for in vitro antibacterial
activity against two Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis
ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and two Gram-
negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 13525
and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218).
The increasing interest in organotin(IV) carboxylates is attrib-
uted to their important biological properties and their considerable
structural diversity. In general, organotin(IV) carboxylates show
significant in vitro antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, wood preser-
vatives, pesticides and antitumor activities [1–8] which is essen-
tially related to the number and nature of the organic groups
attached to the central Sn atoms, however, the role of carboxylate
ligand cannot be ignored. Usually, triorganotin(IV) compounds dis-
play a higher biological activity than their di-and monoorgano-
tin(IV) analogues [9,10]. Literature divulges that little is known
about the mode/mechanism of action of such complexes and more
information is required. As an outcome of several attempts it has
been assumed that the organic ligand facilitates the transportation
of the complexes across the cell membrane and the groups
attached to the central Sn atoms may enhance the binding to pro-
teins [11]. In addition to their biological activities, the organo-
tin(IV) carboxylates also present an interesting structural
diversity. This is supported through the observation of monomeric,
dimeric, tetrameric, oligomeric ladder, cyclic and drums structures
2. Results and discussion
2.1. Structural studies
In the IR spectra of complexes KK1 and KK2, the absence of
⇑
broad
cates a deprotonation of the ligand during coordination to the
v
(O–H) absorption of HL in the range 2500-3000 cmꢀ1 indi-
Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 551 5107342 (Y.-P. Tian).
E-mail address: yptian@ahu.edu.cn (Y.-P. Tian).
0020-1693/$ - see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.004

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B. Ruan et al. / Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
tin atom. The strong absorption appearing at 625 and 448 cmꢀ1
in the respective IR spectrum of complexes KK1 and KK2, which
is absent in the free ligand, is assigned to the Sn–O stretching
mode of vibration. Also strong absorption appearing at 1566 and
Fig. 1. Coordination environment of Sn in KK1 (All hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity).
Fig. 2. Coordination environment of Sn in KK2 (All hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity).

B. Ruan et al. / Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
475
Table 1
between them, which usually produce the fluorescence quench
and the red-shifted fluorescence of organic intra-molecular
0
Selected bond lengths (AÅ) and angles (°) for complexes KK1 and KK2.
charge transfer of
the KK1 and KK2 avoid
angled phenyl groups.
p–p*. Proved by the X-ray structures, both
1. [nBu3SnOL]n (KK1)
Bond lengths
Sn(1)–O(1)
C(21)–O(1)
p–p interactions either by n-butyl or
2.1689(117) Sn(1)–O(2)
1.3006(116) C(21)–O(2)
2.4137(86)
1.2187(161)
2.3. Antibacterial activity
Bond angles
O(2)–Sn(1)–O(1)
O(1)–C(21)–O(2)
[Ph3SnOL]n (KK2)
Bond lengths
Sn(2)–O(4)
C(21)–O(1)
Sn(1)–O(2)
C(21)–O(3)
Bond angles
O(4)–Sn(2)–O(1)
O(1)–C(21)–O(2)
O(2)–Sn(1)–O(3)
O(3)–C(21)–O(4)
172.851(354)
122.669(1199) C(21)–O(2)–Sn(1) 136.795(811)
Sn(1)–O(1)–C(21) 121.888(859)
Data on the antibacterial activity of the complexes KK1 and
KK2, together with those of the starting materials [HL, n(Bu3Sn)2O
and Ph3Sn(OH)], against B. subtilis, S. aureus (Gram positive), P.
aeruginosa and E. coli (Gram-negative) bacterial, are presented in
Table 2. From the MIC values, it is apparent that the organotin(IV)
complexes were more toxic towards Gram-positive strains than
Gram-negative strains. The reason may be the difference in the
structures of the cell walls [19]. The walls of the Gram-negative
cells are more complex than those of Gram-positive cells. Lipopoly-
saccharides form an outer lipid membrane and contribute to the
complex antigenic specificity of Gram-negative cells. It is sug-
gested that the anti-microbial activity of the complexes is due to
either by killing the microbes or inhibiting their multiplication
by blocking their active sites [20]. Since the molecular structures
of the two complexes are quite similar, the only difference being
the groups attaching to the central tin atoms (butyl in complex
KK1 versus phenyl in complex KK2), the slightly better antibacte-
rial activity of complex KK2 can be attribute to the presence of
phenyl groups, which facilitate binding to biological molecules
2.1812(24)
1.2552(40)
2.1855(27)
1.2526(51)
Sn(2)–O(1)
C(21)–O(2)
Sn(1)–O(3)
C(21)–O(4)
2.3083(24)
1.2661(41)
2.2963(26)
1.2690(44)
169.634(89)
122.674(323)
172.177(89)
122.043(323)
Sn(2)–O(1)–C(21) 140.159(229)
C(21)–O(2)–Sn(1) 134.084(223)
Sn(1)–O(3)–C(21) 141.049(230)
C(21)–O(4)–Sn(2) 133.613(222)
1599 cmꢀ1 in the respective IR spectrum of complexes KK1 and
KK2 is assigned the asymmetric vibration of the COO moiety. As
for complexes KK1 and KK2, the 119Sn NMR spectra exhibit a single
resonance at d ꢀ146.5 and ꢀ121.4 ppm, respectively, indicating
that they both have only one type of penta-coordinate tin atoms
[18].
The molecular structures of complexes KK1 and KK2 with the
atom numbering scheme are depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.
Selected bond lengths and angles with their estimated standard
deviations are listed in Table 1. Both the complexes KK1 and KK2
possess infinite 1D zigzag chain structures with a five-coordinated
tin center, which are generated by the bidentate bridging carboxylic
acid ligands and the Sn center. Thus, the coordination geometry
about the Sn atom is best described as distorted trigonal bipyrami-
dal with two O atoms and three C atoms, which exhibits trans-
R3SnO2 geometry. The two O atoms occupy the apical positions
[axial angles: O(2)–Sn(1)–O(1) = 172.851(354)° for complex KK1;
O(2)–Sn(1)–O(3) = 172.177(89)°, O(4)–Sn(2)–O(1) = 169.634(89)°,
for complex KK2], while the carbon atoms are in the equatorial
plane. The Sn, 3C system is basically planar [Sn(1)C(22)C(24)C(25),
the C–Sn–C angles ranging from 118.437(592) to 120.931(563)°, for
complex KK1; Sn(1)C(66)C(72)C(73), the C–Sn–C angles ranging
from 112.410(146) to 125.468(182)°, Sn(2)C(48)C(54)C(60), the
C–Sn–C angles ranging from 117.819(158) to 123.718(183)°, for
complex KK2]. The O atoms of the ligand bridges the Sn atoms
and gives rise to different Sn–O bond lengths [Sn(1)–O(1) = 2.1689
(117), Sn(1)–O(2) = 2.4137(86), for complex KK1; Sn(1)–O(2) =
by
p
–
p
interactions.
The enhanced bactericidal activity of the ligand on complexa-
tion with organotin(IV) precursors may be explained by chelation
theory, according to which chelation reduces the polarity of the
central metal atom because of partial sharing of its positive charge
with the donor groups and possible p-electron delocalization with-
in the whole chelate ring [21,22]. This chelation increases the lipo-
philic nature of the central atom, which favours the permeation of
the complexes through the lipid layer of the cell membrane. Com-
pounds inhibit the growth of bacterial to greater extent as concen-
tration increased.
3. Experimental
3.1. Materials and methods
The reagents employed in the present study were purchased
from commercial sources and used without further purification.
The ligand (E)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid was pre-
pared by the literature method [23,24], see Scheme 1. Carbon,
hydrogen and nitrogen assays were carried out with a CHN–O-Rapid
instrument and were within 0.4% of the theoretical values. IR
spectra were record on a Nicolet 470 FT-IR spectrophotometer
2.1855 (27), Sn(1)–O(3) = 2.2963(26), Sn(2)–O(1) = 2.3083(24),
0
Sn(2)–O(4) = 2.1812(24) ÅA, for complex KK2]. These Sn–O bond
lengths are a little longer than the Sn–O covalent bond lengths
0
using KBr discs in the range 4000–400 cmꢀ1 1H and 13C NMR
.
[2.038–2.115 ÅA]. The Sn–C bond lengths are consistent with those
reported in other organotin(IV) complexes. Layers of the two
complexes are depicted in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively.
spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV 400 spectrometer with TMS
as internal standard. 119Sn NMR spectra (proton-decoupled) were
recorded on a Bruker AV 400 spectrometer operating at 150 MHz;
resonances are referenced to tetramethyltin (external standard,
119Sn). The solid-state luminescence spectra measured by F-4500
FL Spectrophotometer. The PMT Voltage is 700 V and the Scan
speed is 240 nm/min. The EX and EM Slit are 1.0 nm and 5.0 nm,
respectively.
2.2. Solid-state luminescence emission
The solid-state luminescence spectra measured by F-4500 FL
Spectrophotometer was shown in Fig. 5. It’s exciting to discover
that KK1 and KK2 exhibit strong solid-state fluorescence emis-
sion while the HL almost quenches. The luminescence photograph
of the three compounds under 365 nm irradiation was shown in
Fig. 6. KK1 shows blue color and KK2 shows blue/green color.
The reason for this huge variation is that most coordination pro-
cess is the process in which the addition of metal cores to the
3.2. Synthesis of (E)-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid (HL)
4-(Diphenylamino)benzaldehyde (2.73 g, 10 mmol) and malon-
ic acid (2.16 g, 30 mmol) were added to 60 mL pyridine and stirred
at 90 °C for 2 h in the presence of 1 mL of piperidine, followed by
adjustment of pH 1 with dilute HCl solution. A yellow crude
organic ligands always breaks down the original
p–p interactions

476
B. Ruan et al. / Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
Fig. 3. (a) View of the layers of KK1 along the a-axis. (b) View of the layers of KK1 along the b-axis. (c) View of the layers of KK1 along the c-axis (Benzyl groups are omitted
for clarity). All the H atoms are omitted for clarity.
product was obtained and recrystallized with ethanol and dried in
vacuum. Yield: 86%. M.p. = 137 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d
(ppm): 6.32 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02–7.43 (ArH, 14H), 7.75 (d,
J = 16.0 Hz, 1H). Anal. Calc. for C21H17NO2 (Mr = 315.4): C, 79.98;
H, 5.43; N, 4.44. Found: C, 79.77; H, 5.45; N, 4.43%. ESI-MS: m/z
316.4 ([M+H]+).
was removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in
CH2Cl2 (10 mL) and filtered; methanol (5 mL) was added, and the
solution was left to crystallize at room temperature. Colorless crys-
tals of KK1 were formed from this solution after 5 d. Yield: 83%.
M.p. = 217 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d (ppm): 7.56 (d, 1H,
J = 16.4 Hz), 7.38 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.30 (d, 4H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.15–
7.09 (m, 6H), 7.01 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz), 6.36 (d, 1H, J = 16.0 Hz), 1.30–
1.70 (m, 18H), 0.94 (t, 9H, J = 7.2 Hz). 13C NMR (CDCl3) d (ppm):
13.7, 16.5, 27.1, 27.9, 76.7, 77.0, 77.3, 117.4, 122.1, 123.7, 125.2,
128.9, 129.4, 143.5, 147.1. 119Sn NMR (CDCl3): d = ꢀ146.5 ppm.
Anal. Calc. for C33H43NO2Sn (Mr = 604.37): C, 65.58; H, 7.17; N,
2.32. Found: C, 65.77; H, 7.16; N, 2.31%. IR (KBr): 3048 (w), 2954
(s), 2823 (s), 2854 (m), 1641 (s), 1602 (m), 1545 (s), 1514 (s),
3.3. Synthesis of the complexes KK1 and KK2
3.3.1. [nBu3SnOL]n (KK1)
A solution of HL (0.630 g, 2 mmol) in benzene (15 mL) was
added to a solution of n(Bu3Sn)2O (0.596 g, 1 mmol) in benzene
(15 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 12 h. The solvent

B. Ruan et al. / Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
477
Fig. 4. (a) View of the layers of KK2 along the a-axis. (b) View of the layers of KK2 along the b-axis. (c) View of the layers of KK2 along the c-axis. Benzyl groups except for the
carbon atoms bonded to tin atoms and all the H atoms are omitted for clarity.
1452 (s), 1393 (s), 1364 (s), 1231 (m), 1169 (w), 983 (w), 832 (w),
(m, 6H), 7.01 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.43 (d, 1H, J = 15.6 Hz). 13C NMR
(CDCl3) d (ppm): 76.7, 77.0, 77.3, 123.9, 125.4, 128.3, 128.8,
129.0, 129.2, 129.5, 130.0, 135.7, 136.1, 136.9, 137.2, 138.7.
Anal. Calc. for C39H31NO2Sn (Mr = 664.34): C, 70.50; H, 4.70; N,
2.11. Found: C, 70.37; H, 4.72; N, 2.10%. 119Sn NMR (CDCl3):
d = ꢀ121.4 ppm. IR (KBr): 3053 (w), 1641 (m), 1599 (s), 1515 (s),
1451 (s), 1427 (m), 1358 (s), 1336 (s), 1226 (s), 1167 (w), 1075
(w), 990 (w), 831 (w), 751 (s), 728 (s), 698 (s), 625 (w), 448 (m)
744 (s), 723 (m), 670 (w), 621 (w), 509 (w) cmꢀ1
.
3.3.2. [Ph3SnOL]n (KK2)
A solution of HL (0.315 g, 1 mmol) in benzene (15 mL) was
added to a solution of Ph3Sn(OH) (0.368 g, 1 mmol) in benzene
(15 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 12 h. The solvent
was removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in
CH2Cl2 (10 mL) and filtered; methanol (5 mL) was added, and the
solution was left to crystallize at room temperature. Yellow crys-
tals of KK2 were formed from this solution after 7 d. Yield: 71%.
M.p. = 164 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d (ppm): 7.87 (d, 1H,
J = 6.0 Hz), 7.79–7.80 (m, 5H), 7.68–7.72 (m, 2H), 7.47–7.49
(m, 9H), 7.38 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.32 (d, 3H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.08–7.15
cmꢀ1
.
3.4. X-ray crystallography
The crystallographic data for KK1 and KK2 were collected on a
Bruker Smart 1000 CCD area detector diffractometer. Equipped

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B. Ruan et al. / Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
Table 2
HL
KK1
KK2
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Crystallographic data and structure refinements for complexes KK1 and KK2.
Compound
KK1
KK2
Formula
C33H43NO2Sn
C78H62N2O4Sn2
1328.68
Formula weight
Crystal system
Space group
Crystal size (mm3)
a (Å)
604.37
monoclinic
P21
Triclinic
ꢀ
P1
0.30 ꢂ 0.20 ꢂ 0.12
9.796(5)
10.430(5)
15.889(5)
90.000(5)
97.604(5)
90.000(5)
1609.1(12)
2
0.21 ꢂ 0.11 ꢂ 0.08
11.077(5)
15.362(5)
22.079(5)
108.526(5)
100.061(5)
98.304(5)
3426(2)
b (Å)
c (Å)
a
(°)
b (°)
c
(°)
V (Å3)
Z
2
Dcalc (g/cmꢀ3
)
1.247
0.820
1.288
0.778
l
(mmꢀ1
)
F(0 0 0)
628
1352
400
450
500
550
600
650
h range (°)
1.29–25.00
8604
5020
337
0.945
1.43–27.49
15 567
10 511
775
0.844
Wavelength (nm)
Reflections collected
Reflections unique
Parameters
Fig. 5. Solid-state luminescence spectra of HL, KK1 and KK2.
Goodness-of-fit (GOF)on F2
0
R1, wR2 [I > 2
R1, wR2 [all data]
r
(I)]
0.0622, 0.1489
0.1033, 0.1783
0.0381, 0.1084
0.0709, 0.1345
with Mo Ka (k = 0.71073 ÅA) radiation using x-scan mode. Empiri-
cal absorption correction was applied to the data. The structures
were solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-
squares methods on F [2]. All non-hydrogen atoms were located
from the trial structure and then refined anisotropically. All hydro-
gen atoms were generated in idealized positions. All calculations
were performed with SHELXL-97 programs. Other relevant parame-
ters of the crystal structure are listed in Table 3.
medium (MH medium for antibacterial activity). A specified quan-
tity of the medium containing the compound was poured into mic-
rotitration plates. Suspension of the microorganism was prepared
to contain approximately 105 cfu/mL and applied to microtitration
plates with serially diluted compounds in DMSO to be tested and
incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. After the MICs were visually deter-
mined on each of the microtitration plates, 50 mL of PBS (phos-
phate buffered saline 0.01 mol/L, pH 7.4, Na2HPO4ꢁ12H2O (2.9 g),
KH2PO4 (0.2 g), NaCl (8.0 g), KCl (0.2 g), distilled water (1000 mL)
containing 2 mg of MTT/mL was added to each well. Incubation
was continued at room temperature for 4–5 h. The content of each
well was removed, and 100 mL of isopropanol containing 5% 1 mol/
L HCl was added to extract the dye. After 12 h of incubation at
room temperature, the optical density (OD) was measured with a
microplate reader at 550 nm. The OD of the blank, which consisted
of an uninoculated plate incubated together with the inoculated
plates, was subtracted from the ODs of the inoculated plates. The
percentage of MTT conversion to its formazan derivative for each
well was calculated by comparing the OD at 550 nm (OD550) of
the wells with that of the drug-free control based on the following
equation: (A550 of wells that contained the drug/A550 of the drug-
free well) ꢂ 100%. Growth inhibition then was assessed by visual
observation of the wells containing MTT and compared with the
MTT-free wells.
3.5. Antibacterial activity
The antibacterial activities of the synthesized complexes were
tested against B. subtilis ATCC 6633, E. coli ATCC 35218, P. aerugin-
osa ATCC 13525 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 using MH medium
(Muellere-Hinton medium: casein hydrolysate 17.5 g, soluble
starch 1.5 g and beef extract 1000 mL) by MTT method. The MICs
of the tested compounds were determined by a colorimetric meth-
od using the dye 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-triazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tet-
razolium bromide (MTT) [25]. This yellow tetrazolium salt is
cleaved by dehydrogenases inside mitochondria or in other cellular
locations possessing dehydrogenase activity to form its purple for-
mazan derivative [26,27], which can be measured spectrophoto-
metrically at 550 nm. MTT is cleaved by all living, metabolically
active microorganisms impendent of proliferation and irrespective
of unicellular or multicellular growth and thus is a measure of met-
abolic activity.
A stock solution of the synthesized compound (50 lg/mL) in
The observed MICs are presented in Table 2. The experiment has
been done in triplicate and the results were averaged.
DMSO was prepared and graded quantities of the tested com-
pounds were incorporated in specified quantity of sterilized liquid
Fig. 6. Luminescence photograph of HL, KK1 and KK2 under 365 nm irradiation.

B. Ruan et al. / Inorganica Chimica Acta 365 (2011) 473–479
479
COOH
CHO
b
a
HL
N
N
N
Scheme 1. (a) DMF/POCl3, 0 °C and (b) malonic acid/pyridine/piperidine, 90 °C.
Table 3
can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallo-
graphic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.
Supplementary material associated with this article can be
found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.ica.2010.09.004.
MICs of the synthesized compounds.
Compound
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (lg/mL)
B. subtilis
S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
E. coli
KK1
KK2
HL
n(Bu3Sn)2O
Ph3Sn(OH)
Kanamycin B
Penicillin G
6.25
3.125
>50
12.5
25
1.562
0.78
>50
25
50
/
25
50
References
>50
>50
50
50
3.125
/
>50
>50
>50
>50
3.125
/
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4. Conclusion
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line state, and the structures of them were reported here. The
structures of the complexes KK1 and KK2 reveal that the ligand
acts as a linker to connect metal centers to give rise to 1D infinite
chain. It’s exciting to discover that both complexes exhibit strong
solid-state luminescence emission while the HL almost quenches.
The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized complexes
had been studied by testing them in four bacterial strains which
shows their inhibitory effect. Complex KK2 exhibited considerable
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants for the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (20771001, 20875001 and 50873
001), Department of Education of Anhui Province (KJ2010A030,
KJ2009A52) and the Team for Scientific Innovation of Anhui
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Appendix A. Supplementary material
CCDC 743473 and 743474 contain the supplementary crystallo-
graphic data for complexes KK1 and KK2, respectively. These data