K. Podemska et al. / Dyes and Pigments 94 (2012) 113e119
119
Table 5
Rates of polymerization Rp
[m
mol sꢀ1], inhibition times It [s] and percent conversions of the monomer [%].
Dye
A1
A2
D1
D2
D3
D4
Rp
%
Inhibition
Rp
%
Inhibition
Rp
%
Inhibition
Rp
%
Inhibition
Rp
%
Inhibition
Rp
%
Inhibition
time, It
time, It
time, It
time, It
time, It
time, It
2a
2b
2c
2d
1
23.1
19.6
16.4
24.1
57.6
14
12
10
14
34
120
25
175
150
85
39.3
44.6
36.7
73.4
66.3
23
26
22
43
39
295
222
350
375
47
33.7
58.5
26.1
32.8
71.0
20
19
15
19
42
50
37
47
135
e
40.5
31.0
17.9
1.1
24
477
490
807
e
43.5
40.5
34.8
23.8
51.8
26
24
21
14
31
e
e
e
e
e
19.2
23.3
17.2
21.2
23.6
11
14
10
13
14
227
267
217
115
e
18
11
<1
40
68.0
e
Dyes 2ae2d: light (450 nm) intensity of 4.93 ꢃ 1017[quant sꢀ1], dye 1: light (419 nm) intensity of 1.6 ꢃ 1017[quant sꢀ1].
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4. Conclusions
Novel polyheterocyclic dyes based on a diazobenzo[a]fluorene
system were successfully synthesized and characterized using 1H
NMR spectroscopy and CI mass spectrometry. The electrochemical
properties of the examined dyes were characterized and found to be
influenced by their chemical structure. The spectroscopic study of
diazobenzo[a]fluorene dyes clearly indicates that the dyes tested are
good candidates for potential application as a two-component pho-
toinitiator system for multiacrylate free radical polymerization under
visible light. Reduciblesensitization ismore efficient incomparison to
oxidizable sensitization used with the application of the same group
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its chemical structure. Furthermore, the heavy atom present in the
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Center in
Cracow (project no. N N209 032840).
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