organic compounds
C22—C2 bond is probably due to the participation of atom
C25 as a donor in an intermolecular hydrogen bond.
Compound (IIb) exhibits conformational disorder. The
pyrazine ring is rotated anticlockwise by 51.10 (3)ꢁ for the
major component and clockwise by 67.14 (3)ꢁ for the minor
one. These rotations are based on the torsion angle ’1 in
Table 1 for both the major and minor components. It is
interesting to note that atom N21 of the major component
participates as an acceptor in a weak Nꢀ ꢀ ꢀH—C inter-
molecular interaction, while the equivalent interaction is
absent in the minor component.
Compound (IIc) crystallizes as a dihydrate. The asymmetric
unit was selected such that the three molecules form a
hydrogen-bonded unit. The water molecules are involved in
hydrogen-bonded chains with atoms N21.
In compound (IId), the plane of the benzene ring is prac-
tically coplanar with the plane of the CNNC spacer group, the
dihedral angle being 5.3 (3)ꢁ. The dihedral angle between the
plane of the CNNC spacer group and the mean plane of the
pyrazine ring is 53.0 (2)ꢁ, a clockwise rotation, with reference
to atom N21, around the C2—C22 axis. The nitro group is
twisted out of the plane of the benzene ring by 45.8 (4)ꢁ. In
spite of this, there is a short contact between atoms O121 and
ꢁ
˚
H1 of 2.40 A, with an angle at atom H1 of 112 . The twist of
this nitro group may result as a compromise between this weak
intramolecular interaction and a weak intermolecuar inter-
action involving atom O122 of the nitro group.
Figure 7
Part of the crystal structure of (IIa), showing the chain which runs parallel
to the b axis. Atoms labelled with an asterisk (*) or a hash symbol (#) are
at the symmetry positions (x, y ꢃ 1, z) and (x, y + 1, z), respectively. H
atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding (dashed lines) have been
omitted.
In isomeric compound (IIe), the dihedral angle between the
benzene-ring mean plane and the CNNC spacer group is
8.26 (17)ꢁ, and the dihedral angle between the CNNC spacer
group and the mean plane of the pyrazine ring is 59.65 (17)ꢁ,
again a clockwise rotation, with reference to atom N21,
around the C2—C22 axis. In contrast with (IId), the nitro
substituent is twisted out of the plane of the benzene ring
plane by only 7.1 (2)ꢁ.
Only in hydrated (IIc) are strong hydrogen bonds present.
For the other compounds studied here, the intermolecular
arrangements are formed by weak C—Hꢀ ꢀ ꢀO/N hydrogen
bonds and ꢀ–ꢀ stacking interactions.
As expected, the substitution of a methyl group on N2 in the
pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide system induces significant struc-
tural change. The major changes are in the relative positions of
the pyrazine ring and carbonyl groups, and in the nonplanarity
of the methylated compounds. The methyl group precludes the
formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond observed in
the compounds of type (I) and imposes steric hindrance near
the pyrazine ring, with the result that the conformation of the
compounds of type (II) is E(2) (Fig. 6), in contrast with the
E(1) conformation assumed by nonmethylated compounds
(I). The overall planarity is lost, probably due to the loss of
hyperconjugation within the C(O)NMeN C group. The
deviations from planarity of (IIa)–(IIe) arise fundamentally
from the rotation of the pyrazine (py) ring about the C(py)—
C( O) axis. Various torsion and other angles determined for
(I) and (II) are listed in Table 1. The molecule of (Ib) (de
Souza et al., 2011) is planar and lies on a crystallographic
mirror plane, while that of (Ic) (Howie et al., 2010a) is nearly
planar [ꢁ = 5.82 (7)ꢁ]. In contrast, ꢁ values for compounds (II)
are in the range 55–78ꢁ (Table 1). The rotation of the pyrazine
ring about the C22—C2 axis is the main contributor to the
nonplanarity of the methylated compounds, since the benzene
rings are largely coplanar with the CNNC spacer group.
Compound (IIa) exhibits the largest dihedral angle and the
greatest deviation of atom C2 from the mean plane through
the pyrazine ring. The angle the pyrazine ring makes with the
For compound (IIa), a weak C25–H25ꢀ ꢀ ꢀO2(x, y ꢃ 1, z)
hydrogen bond links the molecules into a C(7) chain (Bern-
stein et al., 1995), which runs parallel to the b axis (Table 2 and
Fig. 7). There is a ꢀ–ꢀ short contact between the pyrazine
1
1
rings, lying across the centre of symmetry at (12, , ); the
2
2
˚
centroid–centroid distance is 3.6631 (7) A, the perpendicular
˚
distance between the rings is 3.6415 (5) A and the slippage is
˚
0.395 A.
In compound (IIb), the intermolecular short contacts
(Table 3) involve atom C13 as a donor and atom N21 of the
major disordered pyrazine ring as an acceptor. There are no
similar contacts for the minor component. This suggests that
this interaction does not play any significant part in the
supramolecular structure of this compound. The other short
intermolecular contacts involve the methyl H atoms (Table 3).
There is a ꢀ–ꢀ short contact between the pyrazine rings, which
stack above each other with unit translation along the a axis;
for the major component, the centroid–centroid distance is
ꢂ
Acta Cryst. (2013). C69, 549–555
Gomes et al.
C13H12N4O and four analogues 551