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Angewandte
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on the synthesis of terpenoids by using new gold-catalyzed
cyclization cascades,[19] we decided to target 3, 4, and 5, each
of which present six stereogenic centers in a tricyclic skeleton.
In principle, 3 and 5 could be synthesized from the dienyne
(S,E)-6 (Scheme 1), whereas 4 would be prepared from
geometric isomer (S,Z)-6. However, although enantioen-
riched (E)-6 could be readily prepared from (E,E)-farnesol
(9), the starting material, (E,Z)-farnesol, required for the
synthesis of (Z)-6 is not commercially available.[20]
Herein we report a simple solution to this problem and it
allows general access to this class of sesquiterpenes from
(S,E)-6 as a common precursor by means of a stereodivergent
gold(I)-catalyzed cascade process. The reaction can take
place intramolecularly by 1,5-migration of OR in A and in the
presence of an external nucleophile (via B), thus leading to 7
and 8, respectively, having opposite configurations at C4
(Scheme 1). Starting from (R,E)-6, enantiomeric aromaden-
dranes can be similarly obtained. This proposal is based on
our initial mechanistic study in the Z series, in which we found
that the cyclopropyl gold(I) carbene intermediate could be
trapped with methanol to form an epimeric compound as
a minor product.[18] In these transformations, gold(I) acts as an
artificial cyclase,[21] thus mimicking the action of terpene
cyclases forming polycyclic skeletons by the selective activa-
tion of the alkyne terminus of a dienyne, to readily build
a tricyclic skeleton with exquisite stereocontrol.[22,23]
Scheme 3. Reagents and conditions: a) [(JohnPhos)Au(MeCN)]SbF6
(13; 2 mol%), 238C, 5 min (60%); b) H2, Pd(OH)2/C, 1:1 MeOH/
THF, 238C, 4 h (79%); c) [Ir(cod)(PCy3)py]BArF (15 mol%), H2
(80 atm), CH2Cl2, 408C, 4 days (40%); d) oxone, NaHCO3, 18-crown-6,
1:1:2 acetone/CH2Cl2/H2O, 238C, 1 h (51%); e) Li, EDA, 508C, 1 h
(78%); f) allyl alcohol (20 equiv), 13 (2 mol%), À308C, 15 min (56%
+ 21% 7); g) [Pd(PPh3)4] (5 mol%), K2CO3, MeOH, reflux 72 h (72%);
h) mCPBA, CH2Cl2, 0 to 238C (83%); i) Li, EDA, 508C, 1.5 h (62%).
BArF =3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylborate, cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene,
EDA=ethylenediamine, JohnPhos=(2-biphenyl)-di-tert-butylphos-
phine; mCPBA=m-chloroperbenzoic acid.
The dienyne (S,E)-6 (R = Bn) was prepared in four steps
and 62% overall yield by using a route similar to that used in
the transformation of the lower homologue geraniol.[19a,24] the
transformation involved the known Sharpless asymmetric
epoxidation of (E,E)-farnesol (9) to give the epoxide (S,S)-10
(88% yield, 91:9 e.r.)[25,26] (Scheme 2). Substitution of the
diffraction.[28,29] Debenzylation of 7 with H2 (1 atm) and
Pd(OH)2/C gave the alcohol 14 (79% yield), which was
hydrogenated with [Ir(cod)(PCy3)py]BArF catalyst[30] under
high pressure of H2 to give 3 in 40% yield (95:5 e.r.). The
synthesis 3 from 9 required seven steps and proceeded in 12%
overall yield.
Epoxidation of 7 with dimethyldioxirane yielded 15
stereoselectivily. Epoxide opening and ether cleavage with
Li in ethylenediamine[31] yielded 5 in 78% (96:4 e.r.), which
gave enantiopure material after crystallization. The synthesis
of 5 from 9 was accomplished in seven steps with 15% overall
yield.
Scheme 2. a) l-(+)-DIPT, Ti(OiPr)4, tBuOOH, 4 ꢃ M.S., CH2Cl2,
À488C, 88%, 82% ee;[25] b) PPh3, NaHCO3, CCl4, reflux, 6 h, 94%;
c) nBuLi, THF, À408C, 2 h, 82%; d) BnBr, NaH, Bu4NI, THF, 238C
12 h, 91%. DIPT=diisopropyl tartrate, M.S.=molecular sieves,
THF=tetrahydrofuran.
When the gold-catalyzed reaction of dienyne (S,E)-6 was
performed in the presence of allyl alcohol as an external
nucleophile, the allyl ether 8 was obtained with the opposite
configuration at C4 compared to that of 7 (Table 1). While
lowering the reaction temperature to À308C led to a 1:1
mixture of 7 and 8 (Table 1, entry 3), increasing the concen-
tration of allyl alcohol to 20 equivalents favored the inter-
molecular pathway (Table 1, entry 5). Similar results were
obtained with using only 1 mol% gold(I) catalyst (Table 1,
entry 5). Under the optimized reaction conditions, 8 was
obtained in 56% yield, along with 7 (21% yield; Scheme 3).
Removal of the allylic ether with [Pd(PPh3)4] in MeOH gave
the alcohol 16, whose structure was confirmed by X-ray
primary alcohol by chloride with CCl4 and PPh3 gave 11,
which was treated with nBuLi to yield the propargylic alcohol
12. Finally, benzylation under standard reaction conditions
gave (S,E)-6.
Exposing (S,E)-6 to the cationic gold(I) complex
[(JohnPhos)Au(MeCN)]SbF6 (13) for 5 minutes at room
temperature gave 7 in 60% yield (Scheme 3). Other gold(I)
catalysts were also screened for this reaction, but the best
results were obtained using complex 13.[27] The relative
configuration of 7 (racemic series) was confirmed by X-ray
2
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Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 1 – 5
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