Synthesis and structural features of copper(II) complexes of benzoic acid and methyl substituted benzoic acid hydrazides and X-ray structure of Cu[C6H5CONHNH2] 2(NO3)2

Article abstract of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120004447

The synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic and biological activities of copper(II) complexes of benzoic acid hydrazides (BAH) and o, m, and p-substituted methylbenzoic acid hydrazides (MBAH) and the single crystal X-ray structure for bis(benzoic acid hydrazide)copper(II) nitrate {Cu[BAH]₂(NO₃)₂} (BAH = Benzoic acid hydrazide) are reported. The composition of the ligands was established by elemental analyses, ¹H NMR, and GC-MS. Magnetic susceptibility, electronic and infrared spectral data are consistent with a mononuclear square-planar geometry with bidentate coordination of the hydrazide ligands to give essentially a CuN₂O₂ chromophore. Cu[BAH]₂(NO₃)₂ crystallizes from methanol solution under ambient temperature in a monoclinic system with a P2₁/c space system. The copper atom has a nearly regular, four-coordinated, square-planar arrangement with the nitrate anions being uncoordinated in the crystal lattice. The compounds did not show significant activity against selected bacteria and fungi.

Full text of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120004447

This article was downloaded by: [Moskow State Univ Bibliote]
On: 07 October 2013, At: 10:16
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House,
37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic
Chemistry
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/lsrt19
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF
COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF BENZOIC ACID AND METHYL
SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACID HYDRAZIDES AND X-RAY
STRUCTURE OF Cu[C6H5CONHNH2]2(NO3)2
Olusegun A. Odunola a , Idowu O. Adeoye b & Joseph A. O. Woods c
a Department of Chemistry, University of the North, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South
Africa
b Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria
c Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published online: 15 Feb 2007.
To cite this article: Olusegun A. Odunola , Idowu O. Adeoye & Joseph A. O. Woods (2002) SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL
FEATURES OF COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF BENZOIC ACID AND METHYL SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACID HYDRAZIDES AND X-RAY
STRUCTURE OF Cu[C6H5CONHNH2]2(NO3)2 , Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 32:4, 801-817,
DOI: 10.1081/SIM-120004447
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SIM-120004447
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained
in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no
representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the
Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and
are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and
should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for
any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever
or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of
the Content.
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic
reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any
form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://
www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

ꢙꢵꢓꢣꢰꢤ ꢶꢲꢝꢋꢣꢤ ꢪꢓꢧꢶꢷꢤ ꢥꢲꢣꢤꢫꢧꢶꢷꢤ ꢋꢰꢲꢥꢤꢐ ꢩꢛꢬꢦꢭꢐ ꢸꢗꢀꢹꢸꢀꢚ ꢬꢛꢗꢗꢛꢭ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢆꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢀꢃꢉUꢊꢃUꢉꢇꢋ
FꢅꢇꢃUꢉꢅꢀ ꢌF ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ
ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ ꢌF ꢑꢅꢂZꢌꢆꢊ ꢇꢊꢆꢈꢇꢂꢈ
ꢐꢅꢃꢄꢁꢋ ꢀUꢑꢀꢃꢆꢃUꢃꢅꢈꢑꢅꢂZꢌꢆꢊ ꢇꢊꢆꢈ
ꢄꢁꢈꢉꢇZꢆꢈꢅꢀ ꢇꢂꢈ Xꢒꢉꢇꢁ ꢀꢃꢉUꢊꢃUꢉꢅ
ꢌF ꢊꢓ[ꢊ6ꢄ5ꢊꢌꢂꢄꢂꢄꢔ]ꢔꢎꢂꢌ3ꢏꢔ
ꢌꢕꢓꢖꢗꢘꢓꢙ ꢇꢚ ꢌꢛꢓꢙꢜꢕꢝ,1,* ꢆꢛꢜꢞꢓ ꢌꢚ ꢇꢛꢗꢜꢟꢗ,ꢔ ꢝꢙꢛ
Jꢜꢖꢗꢠꢡ ꢇꢚ ꢌꢚ Wꢜꢜꢛꢖ3
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢍꢎꢆꢅꢏꢐ ꢑꢈꢍꢒꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢓꢉꢅꢆꢌꢐ
ꢔꢅꢍꢒꢄꢆꢂ ꢕꢄꢖ Xꢀꢀꢗꢘꢐ ꢙꢉꢒꢂꢈꢖꢄ ꢗꢚꢛꢚꢐ ꢙꢉꢜꢆꢌ ꢝꢊꢅꢍꢞꢄ
ꢛꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢔꢜꢅꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢝꢃꢃꢠꢍꢂꢟ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢍꢎꢆꢅꢏꢐ
ꢡꢄꢟꢉꢢꢂ ꢝꢢꢍꢈꢆꢉꢠꢄ ꢑꢈꢍꢒꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢣꢂꢞꢌꢈꢉꢠꢉꢖꢏꢐ
ꢔꢤꢥꢤꢕꢤ ꢦꢗꢗꢗꢐ ꢧꢖꢨꢉꢇꢉꢎꢉꢐ ꢓꢍꢖꢂꢅꢍꢄ
ꢩꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢍꢎꢆꢅꢏꢐ ꢑꢈꢍꢒꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢪꢨꢄꢟꢄꢈꢐ
ꢪꢨꢄꢟꢄꢈꢐ ꢓꢍꢖꢂꢅꢍꢄ
ꢇꢑꢀꢃꢉꢇꢊꢃ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢎꢞꢉꢃꢍꢞꢐ ꢇꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢨꢍꢉꢠꢉꢖꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢫ
ꢍꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ
ꢬꢕꢝꢰꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢀꢐ ꢁꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢫꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ
ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢬꢥꢕꢝꢰꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢍꢈꢖꢠꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ Xꢫꢅꢄꢏ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢊꢉꢅ
ꢨꢍꢎꢬꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢭꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂ {ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢫ
ꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛ} ꢬꢕꢝꢰ ꢀ ꢕꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢭ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢟꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢂꢎꢆꢄꢨꢠꢍꢎꢌꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢂꢠꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢠ
*ꢋꢉꢅꢅꢂꢎꢃꢉꢈꢟꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢜꢆꢌꢉꢅꢤ ꢲꢫꢇꢄꢍꢠꢳ ꢉꢟꢜꢈꢉꢠꢄꢉꢴꢜꢈꢍꢈꢤꢜꢈꢉꢅꢆꢌꢤꢄꢞꢤꢯꢄ
8ꢢ1
ꢋꢉꢃꢏꢅꢍꢖꢌꢆ # ꢛꢗꢗꢛ ꢨꢏ ꢥꢄꢅꢞꢂꢠ ꢁꢂꢢꢢꢂꢅꢐ ꢪꢈꢞꢤ
ꢱꢱꢱꢤꢟꢂꢢꢢꢂꢅꢤꢞꢉꢇ

8ꢢꢔ
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢎꢂꢎꢐ ꢀꢰ ꢓꢥꢶꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢷꢋꢫꢥꢙꢤ ꢥꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢎꢜꢎꢞꢂꢃꢆꢍꢨꢍꢠꢍꢆꢏꢐ
ꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢈꢊꢅꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄꢠ ꢟꢄꢆꢄ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢈꢎꢍꢎꢆꢂꢈꢆ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢄ
ꢇꢉꢈꢉꢈꢜꢞꢠꢂꢄꢅ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢖꢂꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢨꢍꢟꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢞꢉꢫ
ꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢖꢍꢒꢂ ꢂꢎꢎꢂꢈꢆꢍꢄꢠꢠꢏ ꢄ
ꢋꢜꢓꢛꢧꢛ ꢞꢌꢅꢉꢇꢉꢃꢌꢉꢅꢂꢤ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠꢠꢍꢯꢂꢎ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ
ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢜꢈꢟꢂꢅ ꢄꢇꢨꢍꢂꢈꢆ ꢆꢂꢇꢃꢂꢅꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢇꢉꢈꢉꢞꢠꢍꢈꢍꢞ
ꢎꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢄ ꢔꢛꢀ=ꢞ ꢎꢃꢄꢞꢂ ꢎꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢄꢆꢉꢇ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢄ
ꢈꢂꢄꢅꢠꢏ ꢅꢂꢖꢜꢠꢄꢅꢐ ꢊꢉꢜꢅꢫꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢟꢐ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢄꢅꢅꢄꢈꢖꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆ
ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂ ꢄꢈꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢨꢂꢍꢈꢖ ꢜꢈꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ
ꢠꢄꢆꢆꢍꢞꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢟꢍꢟ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢎꢌꢉꢱ ꢎꢍꢖꢈꢍ®ꢞꢄꢈꢆ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏ
ꢄꢖꢄꢍꢈꢎꢆ ꢎꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢄ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢊꢜꢈꢖꢍꢤ
ꢆꢂꢃꢉꢌꢈUꢊꢃꢆꢌꢂ
ꢋꢄꢅꢨꢉꢮꢏꢠꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢐ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢟꢂꢅꢍꢒꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢌꢄꢒꢂ
ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢍꢈꢖ ꢂꢈꢒꢍꢅꢉꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢠ ꢃꢅꢉꢨꢠꢂꢇꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢞꢌꢂꢇꢍꢎꢆꢅꢏ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢂꢞꢌꢈꢉꢠꢉꢖꢏ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢄꢅꢂ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢄꢎ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢂꢮꢆꢅꢄꢞꢆꢄꢈꢆꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢱꢄꢎꢆꢂꢱꢄꢆꢂꢅꢐ[ꢀꢀꢩ] ꢊꢉꢅ ꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢉꢈꢫꢂꢮꢞꢌꢄꢈꢖꢂ
ꢃꢅꢉꢨꢠꢂꢇꢎꢐ[ꢦꢀꢻ] ꢄꢈꢟ ꢃꢉꢠꢏꢇꢂꢅ ꢎꢆꢄꢨꢍꢠꢍꢯꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ[ꢘꢀꢚ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢨꢍꢉꢠꢉꢖꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢃꢅꢉꢇꢍꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢃꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢆꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢄꢃꢃꢠꢍꢞꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢌꢄꢒꢂ
ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢄꢇꢃꢠꢏ ꢟꢂꢇꢉꢈꢎꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂꢟꢤ[ꢸꢀꢀꢩ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢜꢞꢞꢂꢎꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢃꢄꢅꢫꢟꢍꢄꢇꢇꢍꢈꢂꢟꢍꢞꢌꢠꢉꢅꢉꢫ
ꢃꢠꢄꢆꢍꢈꢜꢇꢬꢪꢪꢭꢐ ꢃꢄꢅꢫꢃꢠꢄꢆꢍꢈ ꢬꢁꢁꢔꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢞꢠꢍꢈꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢉꢈꢞꢉꢠꢉꢖꢏ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢎꢆꢍꢇꢜꢠꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢫ
ꢂꢎꢍꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢎꢞꢅꢂꢂꢈꢍꢈꢖ ꢉꢊ ꢄꢈ ꢍꢈꢞꢅꢂꢄꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢈꢜꢇꢨꢂꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢎ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢆꢜꢇꢉꢅ
ꢄꢖꢂꢈꢆꢎꢤ[ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢩ] ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢄꢠꢎꢉ ꢅꢂꢒꢍꢒꢂꢟ ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢂꢎꢆ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢉꢈꢠꢏ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢃꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢆꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢖꢂꢈꢂꢅꢄꢠ ꢨꢜꢆ ꢄꢠꢎꢉ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢫ
ꢆꢜꢇꢉꢅ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢇꢍꢞꢅꢉꢨꢍꢄꢠ ꢃꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎꢤ[ꢀꢩꢀꢀꢸ] ꢰꢉꢱꢂꢒꢂꢅꢐ ꢎꢍꢈꢞꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ
ꢈꢂꢜꢆꢅꢄꢠ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢉꢠꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢅꢄꢟꢍꢞꢄꢠꢎ ꢠꢍꢢꢂ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂꢐ ꢞꢌꢠꢉꢅꢍꢟꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢎꢜꢠꢊꢄꢆꢂ ꢍꢈ
ꢄ€ꢂꢞꢆꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢃꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢠꢏ ꢂꢎꢆꢄꢨꢠꢍꢎꢌꢂꢟ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢒꢄꢍꢠꢄꢨꢠꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢟꢄꢆꢄ ꢉꢈ ꢆꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ
ꢊꢂꢱꢤ ꢧꢈꢠꢏ ꢍꢈ ꢎꢉꢇꢂ ꢎꢆꢜꢟꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢈ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢌꢄꢒꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢅꢄꢟꢍꢞꢄꢠꢎ[ꢚ] ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢟꢤ
ꢪꢈ ꢆꢌꢍꢎ ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢅꢆꢐ ꢱꢂ ꢃꢅꢂꢎꢂꢈꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢎꢜꢠꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢉꢜꢅ ꢍꢈꢒꢂꢎꢆꢍꢖꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄꢠꢐ ꢇꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢨꢍꢉꢠꢉꢖꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢬꢕꢝꢰꢭꢐ ꢀꢆꢇꢈꢀꢫꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ
ꢬꢀꢫꢥꢕꢝꢰꢭꢐ ꢁꢉꢇꢊꢫꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢬꢁꢫꢥꢕꢝꢰꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢊꢆꢊꢫ
ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢬꢂꢫꢥꢕꢝꢰꢭꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ
ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢈꢂꢱꢤ ꢧꢜꢅ ꢜꢎꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ
ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢍꢎ ꢄꢈ ꢂꢈꢆꢅꢏ ꢍꢈꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢨꢂꢌꢄꢒꢍꢉꢜꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ
ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢎꢍꢈꢞꢂ ꢇꢉꢎꢆꢉꢊ ꢌꢆꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢍꢈꢎꢉꢠꢜꢨꢠꢂ ꢍꢈ
ꢞꢉꢇꢇꢉꢈ ꢉꢅꢖꢄꢈꢍꢞ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢈꢆꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢃꢅꢉꢇꢃꢆꢂꢟ ꢜꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢃꢂꢅꢊꢉꢅꢇ ꢄ ꢎꢍꢈꢖꢠꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ
Xꢫꢅꢄꢏ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢎꢍꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛꢤ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
8ꢢ3
ꢅXꢍꢅꢉꢆꢐꢅꢂꢃꢇꢋ
ꢉꢗꢝꢘꢗꢙꢣꢖ ꢝꢙꢛ ꢀꢜꢕꢤꢗꢙꢣꢖ
ꢥꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢄꢆꢂꢐ ꢀꢆꢇꢈꢀꢫꢐ ꢁꢉꢇꢊꢫꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢊꢆꢊꢫꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ
ꢄꢞꢍꢟꢎꢐ ꢋꢜꢙꢧꢦꢁꢻꢰꢛꢧꢐ ꢋꢜꢋꢠꢛꢁꢛꢰꢛꢧꢐ ꢋꢜꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛꢁꢛꢤꢻꢰꢛꢧꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢜꢬꢋꢰꢩꢋꢧꢧꢭꢛꢁꢰꢛꢧ
ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢃꢜꢅꢞꢌꢄꢎꢂꢟ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢝꢠꢟꢅꢍꢞꢌꢤ ꢝꢠꢠ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢅꢂꢄꢖꢂꢈꢆ ꢖꢅꢄꢟꢂ ꢉꢅ ꢃꢜꢅꢂꢅꢤ
ꢍꢥꢗꢠꢝꢥꢝꢣꢦꢜꢙ ꢜꢧ ꢣꢡꢗ ꢑꢗꢙzꢜꢦꢨ ꢇꢨꢦꢛ ꢄꢟꢛꢥꢝzꢦꢛꢗ ꢋꢦꢘꢝꢙꢛꢖ ꢎꢑꢇꢄꢏꢚ ꢝ ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ
ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢄꢆꢂ ꢬꢛꢼꢤꢚꢩ ꢖꢐ ꢛꢀꢸ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢂꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢀꢻꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢌꢏꢟꢅꢉꢜꢎ
ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢈꢂ ꢬꢚꢤꢻꢗ ꢖꢐ ꢛꢩꢦ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢂꢭ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢅꢂ¯ꢜꢮꢂꢟ ꢆꢉꢖꢂꢆꢌꢂꢅ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢻꢗꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢅꢉꢜꢈꢟꢫ
ꢨꢉꢆꢆꢉꢇꢂꢟ ¯ꢄꢎꢢ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢦ ꢌꢤ ꢝꢊꢆꢂꢅ ꢞꢉꢉꢠꢍꢈꢖ ꢍꢈ ꢄꢈ ꢍꢞꢂꢫꢱꢄꢆꢂꢅ ꢇꢍꢮꢆꢜꢅꢂꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ
ꢎꢂꢃꢄꢅꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢉꢜꢆ ꢄꢎ ꢄ ꢎꢉꢠꢍꢟ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢱꢄꢎ ®ꢠꢆꢂꢅꢂꢟꢐ ꢅꢂꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠꢠꢍꢯꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢟꢅꢍꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢟꢂꢎꢍꢞꢞꢄꢆꢉꢅ ꢉꢒꢂꢅ ꢎꢍꢠꢍꢞꢄ ꢖꢂꢠꢽ ꢏꢍꢂꢠꢟ ꢀꢸꢤꢦ ꢖ ꢬꢘꢛ%ꢭꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢄꢇꢂ ꢃꢅꢉꢞꢂꢟꢜꢅꢂ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢃꢅꢂꢃꢄꢅꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢫ
ꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢄꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢒꢄꢅꢍꢉꢜꢎ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢄꢆꢂ
ꢂꢎꢆꢂꢅꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢌꢏꢟꢅꢉꢜꢎ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢈꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢃꢜꢅꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢄꢠꢠ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢱꢄꢎ
ꢂꢎꢆꢄꢨꢠꢍꢎꢌꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢖꢄꢎ ꢞꢌꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢉꢖꢅꢄꢃꢌꢏꢫꢇꢄꢎꢎ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢬꢷꢋꢫꢥꢙꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢠꢂꢫ
ꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢎꢂꢎꢤ
ꢀꢟꢙꢣꢡꢗꢖꢦꢖ ꢜꢧ ꢣꢡꢗ ꢊꢜꢩꢠꢕꢗꢪꢗꢖ
ꢍꢥꢗꢠꢝꢥꢝꢣꢦꢜꢙ ꢜꢧ ꢊꢓ[ꢑꢇꢄ]ꢔꢎꢂꢌ3ꢏꢔꢤ ꢋꢜꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛꢁꢛꢤꢻꢰꢛꢧ ꢬꢀꢤꢀꢘ ꢖꢐ ꢦꢤꢼꢼ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢎꢭ
ꢟꢍꢎꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢀꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢻꢗ% ꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢄꢟꢟꢂꢟ ꢟꢅꢉꢃꢱꢍꢎꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢛꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢄ
ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢬꢀꢤꢩꢘ ꢖꢐ ꢀꢗ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢎꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢀꢗꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢨꢂꢄꢢꢂꢅ
ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢎꢆꢍꢅꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢆ ꢅꢉꢉꢇ ꢆꢂꢇꢃꢂꢅꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂꢤ ꢪꢇꢇꢂꢟꢍꢄꢆꢂ ꢃꢅꢂꢞꢍꢃꢍꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢎꢆꢍꢅꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢞꢉꢈꢆꢍꢈꢜꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢀ ꢌꢐ ꢄꢊꢆꢂꢅ ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ ꢆꢍꢇꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢅꢂꢞꢍꢃꢍꢆꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ
®ꢠꢆꢂꢅꢂꢟ ꢜꢈꢟꢂꢅ ꢎꢜꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢅꢂꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠꢠꢍꢯꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠꢤ ꢝ ꢎꢍꢈꢖꢠꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ
ꢎꢜꢍꢆꢄꢨꢠꢂ ꢊꢉꢅ Xꢫꢅꢄꢏ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢊꢉꢜꢈꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢆ ꢅꢉꢉꢇ ꢆꢂꢇꢫ
ꢃꢂꢅꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢄꢇꢂ ꢃꢅꢉꢞꢂꢟꢜꢅꢂ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢃꢅꢂꢃꢄꢅꢂ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢙꢧꢦ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢋꢠꢛꢤ
ꢍꢥꢗꢠꢝꢥꢝꢣꢦꢜꢙ ꢜꢧ ꢊꢓ[oꢫꢐꢑꢇꢄ]ꢔꢊꢕꢔꢤ ꢋꢜꢋꢠꢛꢁꢛꢰꢛꢧ ꢬꢀꢤꢩꢗ ꢖꢐ ꢚꢤꢘ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢭ ꢟꢍꢎꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢟ
ꢍꢈ ꢀꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢻꢗ% ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢄꢟꢟꢂꢟ ꢟꢅꢉꢃꢱꢍꢎꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢛꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢄ ꢌꢉꢆ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢫ
ꢈꢉꢠꢍꢞ ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢀꢫꢥꢕꢝꢰ ꢬꢛꢤꢛꢻ ꢖꢐ ꢀꢻ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢀꢗꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢨꢂꢄꢢꢂꢅ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ
ꢎꢆꢍꢅꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢆ ꢅꢉꢉꢇ ꢆꢂꢇꢃꢂꢅꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂꢤ ꢝꢊꢆꢂꢅ ꢎꢆꢍꢅꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢀ ꢌꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢖꢅꢂꢂꢈ ꢃꢅꢂꢞꢍꢃꢍꢆꢄꢆꢂ
ꢊꢉꢅꢇꢂꢟ ꢱꢄꢎ ®ꢠꢆꢂꢅꢂꢟ ꢜꢈꢟꢂꢅ ꢎꢜꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈꢐ ꢱꢄꢎꢌꢂꢟ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢱꢄꢆꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢟꢅꢍꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢒꢄꢞꢜꢜꢇ ꢉꢒꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢌꢏꢟꢅꢉꢜꢎ ꢞꢄꢠꢞꢍꢜꢇ ꢞꢌꢠꢉꢅꢍꢟꢂꢤ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢌꢠꢉꢅꢍꢟꢂꢐ
ꢎꢜꢠꢊꢄꢆꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂ ꢟꢂꢅꢍꢒꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢀꢫꢐ ꢁꢫꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢫꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ
ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢃꢅꢂꢃꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢎꢍꢇꢍꢠꢄꢅꢠꢏꢤ

8ꢢ4
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
ꢍꢥꢗꢠꢝꢥꢝꢣꢦꢜꢙ ꢜꢧ ꢊꢓ[ꢑꢇꢄ]ꢔꢎꢊꢄ3ꢊꢌꢌꢏꢔꢤ ꢋꢜꢬꢋꢰꢩꢋꢧꢧꢭꢛꢁꢰꢛꢧ ꢬꢀꢤꢻꢛ ꢖꢐ
ꢚꢤꢘ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢭ ꢟꢍꢎꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢛꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢌꢉꢆ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢄꢟꢟꢂꢟ ꢟꢅꢉꢃꢱꢍꢎꢂ ꢆꢉ
ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢬꢛꢤꢗ ꢖꢐ ꢀꢻ ꢇꢇꢉꢠꢭ ꢟꢍꢎꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢩꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢌꢉꢆꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢍꢈ
ꢂ
ꢄ ꢀꢗꢗ ꢇꢡ ꢨꢂꢄꢢꢂꢅ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢎꢆꢍꢅꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢆ ꢦꢗ ꢋꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢖꢅꢂꢂꢈ ꢃꢅꢂꢞꢍꢃꢍꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢊꢉꢅꢇꢂꢟ ꢱꢄꢎ
®ꢠꢆꢂꢅꢂꢟꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢟꢅꢍꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢒꢄꢞꢜꢜꢇ ꢉꢒꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢌꢏꢟꢅꢉꢜꢎ ꢞꢄꢠꢞꢍꢜꢇ ꢞꢌꢠꢉꢅꢍꢟꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢟꢂꢎꢍꢞꢫ
ꢞꢄꢆꢉꢅꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢉꢆꢌꢂꢅ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢄꢞꢂꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢄꢈꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢃꢅꢂꢃꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢎꢄꢇꢂ ꢃꢅꢉꢞꢂꢟꢜꢅꢂꢤ
ꢍꢡꢟꢖꢦꢨꢝꢕ ꢐꢗꢝꢖꢓꢥꢗꢩꢗꢙꢣꢖ
ꢲꢠꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢎꢍꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢋꢐ ꢰꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢓ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢟꢂꢆꢂꢅꢇꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢄ ꢔꢂꢅꢢꢍꢈꢫ
ꢲꢠꢇꢂꢅ ꢙꢂꢅꢍꢂꢎ ꢪꢪ ꢛꢦꢗꢗ ꢋꢰꢓꢙ=ꢧ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢯꢂꢅ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢟꢂꢆꢂꢅꢇꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ
ꢄ ꢆꢍꢆꢅꢍꢇꢂꢆꢅꢍꢞ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢉꢟꢤ[ꢀꢼ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢊꢅꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢞꢉꢅꢟꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꢄ ꢔꢂꢅꢢꢍꢈꢫ
ꢲꢠꢇꢂꢅ ꢾꢣꢪꢶ ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢜꢇ ꢀꢗꢗꢗ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢩꢻꢗꢀꢦꢗꢗꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ
ꢿꢕꢅ ꢟꢍꢎꢞꢎꢤ ꢾꢅꢂꢺꢜꢂꢈꢞꢍꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢨꢂꢠꢍꢂꢒꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢨꢂ ꢄꢞꢞꢜꢅꢄꢆꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢄ ꢛ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢷꢋꢫ
ꢥꢙ ꢉꢊ ꢀꢫꢐ ꢁꢫ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢫꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢇꢂꢄꢫ
ꢎꢜꢅꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꢄ ꢔꢂꢅꢢꢍꢈꢫꢲꢠꢇꢂꢅ ꢻꢸꢼꢗ ꢷꢋ ꢄꢆꢆꢄꢞꢌꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢄ ꢇꢄꢎꢎ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢎꢂꢅꢤ
ꢀꢰ ꢓꢥꢶ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢞꢉꢅꢟꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢟꢂꢜꢆꢂꢅꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢄꢞꢂꢆꢉꢈꢂ ꢉꢈ ꢄ
ꢷꢂꢇꢍꢈꢍ ꢩꢗꢗ ꢥꢰꢯ ꢓꢥꢶ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢅꢂꢊꢂꢅꢂꢈꢞꢂꢟ ꢋꢅꢤ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢅꢉꢆꢉꢈ
ꢍꢇꢃꢜꢅꢍꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢈꢆꢤ ꢲꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢞ ꢅꢂ¯ꢂꢞꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢓꢜꣀꢉꢠ ꢇꢜꢠꢠꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢞꢉꢅꢟꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꣁꢄꢅꢍꢄꢈ ꢋꢄꢅꢏ ꢀꢲ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢫ
ꢃꢌꢉꢆꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢀꢼꢗꢀꢼꢗꢗ ꢈꢇꢤ ꢥꢂꢠꢆꢍꢈꢖ ꢃꢉꢍꢈꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ
ꢟꢂꢆꢂꢅꢇꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢄ ꢕꢜꢞꢌꢍ ꢬꢕꢫꢻꢦꢗꢭ ꢇꢂꢠꢆꢍꢈꢖ ꢃꢉꢍꢈꢆ ꢄꢃꢃꢄꢅꢄꢆꢜꢎꢤ
ꢅꢪꢠꢗꢥꢦꢩꢗꢙꢣꢝꢕ ꢈꢗꢣꢝꢦꢕꢖ ꢝꢙꢛ ꢊꢥꢟꢖꢣꢝꢕ ꢈꢝꢣꢝ ꢧꢜꢥ ꢊꢓ[ꢑꢇꢄ]ꢔꢎꢂꢌ3ꢏꢔ
ꢝ ꢃꢄꢠꢂ ꢨꢠꢜꢂ ꢎꢍꢈꢖꢠꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢅꢂꢇꢉꢒꢂꢟ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢄ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ
ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢟꢍꢇꢂꢈꢎꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢗꢤꢦꢦꢛꢁꢗꢤꢀꢚꢗꢁꢗꢤꢀꢀꢼ ꢇꢇ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ
ꢆꢌꢂ Xꢫꢅꢄꢏ ꢟꢂꢆꢂꢅꢇꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ ꢁꢄꢆꢄ ꢎꢂꢆꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢠꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꢄ ꢙꢍꢂꢇꢂꢈꢎꢫꢙꢥꢝꢶꢣ
ꢋꢋꢁ ꢟꢍ€ꢅꢄꢞꢆꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ ꢬꢛꢤꢗꢚ ꢅ ꢂ ꢅ ꢛꢸꢤꢩꢛꢂꢭ ꢇꢉꢈꢉꢞꢌꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢂꢟ Xꢫꢅꢄꢟꢍꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ
ꢬꢃ ꢀ ꢗꢤꢚꢀꢗꢚꢩꢭ ꢥꢉꢿꢄꢐ ꢅ ꢎꢞꢄꢈꢎꢐ ꢣ ꢀ ꢀꢚꢩꢬꢛꢭ ꢿꢤ ꢝ ꢆꢉꢆꢄꢠ ꢈꢜꢇꢨꢂꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢻꢸꢼꢗ ꢇꢂꢄꢫ
ꢎꢜꢅꢂꢟ ꢅꢂ¯ꢂꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢠꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢉꢊ ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ ꢀꢚꢛꢚ ꢌꢄꢟ ꢪ>ꢛꢤꢗꢆꢬꢪꢭ ꢉꢜꢆꢉꢊ
ꢛꢛꢘꢻ ꢍꢈꢟꢂꢃꢂꢈꢟꢂꢈꢆ ꢅꢂ¯ꢂꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢟꢄꢆꢄ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢅꢅꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢡꢉꢅꢂꢈꢆꢯ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢃꢉꢠꢄꢅꢍꢯꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢂ€ꢂꢞꢆꢎ ꢨꢜꢆ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢄꢨꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢃꢄꢅꢄꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢄꢎ
ꢊꢉꢠꢠꢉꢱꢎꢳ ꢋꢀꢦꢰꢀꢘꢓꢋꢜꢓꢘꢧꢸꢐ ꢥ ꢀ ꢦꢻꢼꢤꢸꢚꢽ ꢇꢉꢈꢉꢞꢠꢍꢈꢍꢞꢐ ꢎꢃꢄꢞꢂ ꢖꢅꢉꢜꢃ ꢔꢛꢀ=ꢞꢐ
ꢄ ꢀ ꢀꢗꢤꢀꢩꢀꢚꢬꢚꢭꢐ ꢨ ꢀ ꢀꢗꢤꢀꢩꢘꢼꢬꢚꢭꢐ ꢞ ꢀ ꢼꢤꢘꢗꢼꢚꢬꢚꢭ ꢝꢐ ꣁ ꢀ ꢼꢻꢘꢤꢛꢻꢬꢀꢛꢭ ꢝꢩ ꢐ ꢄ ꢀ ꢼꢗꢂꢐ
ꢇ ꢀ ꢀꢗꢦꢤꢩꢩꢗꢗꢬꢀꢗꢭꢂꢐ ꢈ ꢀ ꢼꢗꢂ ꣂ ꢀ ꢛꢐ ꢉꢞꢄꢠꢞ ꢀ ꢀꢤꢻꢼꢚ ꢥ ꢖ ꢇꢃꢩꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢄ ꢟꢍꢅꢂꢞꢆ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢉꢟ ꢬꢙꢰꢲꢡXꢙꢫꢼꢚꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢅꢂ®ꢈꢂꢟ
ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢊꢜꢠꢠꢫꢇꢄꢆꢅꢍꢮ ꢠꢂꢄꢎꢆ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢎ ꢃꢅꢉꢞꢂꢟꢜꢅꢂꢎ ꢬꢙꢰꢲꢡXꢡꢫꢼꢚꢭꢤ[ꢛꢗ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢫ
ꢈꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢰ ꢄꢆꢉꢇꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢞꢄꢠꢞꢜꢠꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢙꢰꢲꢡXꢡ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢈ ꢄꢃꢃꢅꢉꢃꢅꢍꢄꢆꢂ
ꢅꢍꢟꢍꢈꢖ ꢇꢉꢟꢂꢠ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢒꢄꢅꢍꢂꢟ ꢆꢌꢂꢅꢇꢄꢠ ꢃꢄꢅꢄꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅꢎꢤ ꢙꢞꢄꢆꢆꢂꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢊꢄꢞꢆꢉꢅꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢄꢆꢉꢇꢎ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
8ꢢ5
ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢆꢌꢉꢎꢂ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢪꢈꢆꢂꢅꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢄꢠ ꢣꢄꢨꢠꢂ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠꢠꢉꢖꢅꢄꢃꢌꢏꢐ ꣁꢉꢠꢤ ꢪꢪꢪꢤ[ꢛꢀ] ꢣꢌꢂ
ꢅꢂ®ꢈꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢞꢉꢈꢒꢂꢅꢖꢂꢟ ꢄꢆꢄ ®ꢈꢄꢠ ꢶ ꢀ ꢗꢤꢗꢩꢦꢦꢐ ꢌꢶꢛ ꢀ ꢗꢤꢗꢸꢦꢚꢐ ꢷꢧꢾ ꢀ ꢀꢤꢗꢩꢗꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢄꢮꢍꢇꢜꢇ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢍꢈꢍꢇꢜꢇ ꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈ ꢟꢂꢈꢎꢍꢆꢏ ꢃꢂꢄꢢꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ®ꢈꢄꢠ ꢟꢍ€ꢂꢅꢂꢈꢞꢂ
ꢇꢄꢃ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢗꢤꢻꢻꢛ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢃꢗꢤꢦꢚꢗꢂ ꢝꢃꢩꢐ ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏꢤ ꢝꢠꢠ ꢞꢄꢠꢞꢜꢠꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢃꢂꢅꢫ
ꢊꢉꢅꢇꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꢄ ꢙꢍꢠꢍꢞꢉꢈ ꢷꢅꢄꢃꢌꢍꢞꢎ ꢪꢈꢟꢍꢖꢉ ꢛ ꢱꢉꢅꢢꢎꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ
ꢙꢜꢃꢃꢠꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢅꢏ ꢟꢄꢆꢄ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢎꢍꢎ ꢌꢄꢒꢂ ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢟꢂꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢂꢟ
ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢋꢄꢇꢨꢅꢍꢟꢖꢂ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠꢠꢉꢖꢅꢄꢃꢌꢍꢞ ꢁꢄꢆꢄ ꢋꢂꢈꢆꢅꢂꢐ ꢋꢋꢁꢋ ꢓꢉꢤ ꢀꢚꢗꢦꢸꢚꢤ
ꢋꢉꢃꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢍꢎ ꢍꢈꢊꢉꢅꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢇꢄꢏ ꢨꢂ ꢉꢨꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢊꢅꢂꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢞꢌꢄꢅꢖꢂ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢁꢍꢅꢂꢞꢆꢉꢅꢐ ꢋꢋꢁꢋꢐ ꢀꢛ ꢑꢈꢍꢉꢈ ꢶꢉꢄꢟꢐ ꢋꢄꢇꢨꢅꢍꢟꢖꢂ ꢋꢕꢛ ꢀꢲꣂꢐ ꢑꢿ ꢬꢾꢄꢮꢳ ꢆꢦꢦꢫ
ꢀꢛꢛꢩꢫꢩꢩꢘꢗꢩꢩꢐ ꢣꢂꢠꢳ ꢆꢦꢦꢫꢀꢛꢛꢩꢫꢚꢘꢛꢼꢀꢗꢽ ꢲꢫꢇꢄꢍꢠꢳ ꢟꢂꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢴꢞꢞꢟꢞꢤꢞꢄꢇꢤꢄꢞꢤꢜꢢ ꢉꢅ
ꢌꢆꢆꢃꢳ==ꢱꢱꢱꢤꢞꢞꢟꢞꢤꢞꢄꢇꢤꢄꢞꢤꢜꢢꢭꢤ
ꢇꢙꢣꢦꢩꢦꢨꢥꢜꢫꢦꢝꢕ ꢇꢨꢣꢦꢤꢦꢣꢟ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢟꢍꢎꢢ ꢟꢍ€ꢜꢎꢍꢉꢈ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢉꢟ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢍꢈꢒꢂꢎꢆꢍꢖꢄꢆꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢇꢍꢞꢅꢉꢨꢍꢄꢠ
ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢜꢅꢊꢄꢞꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢥꢜꢂꢠꢠꢂꢅ ꢰꢍꢈꢆꢉꢈ'ꢎ ꢄꢖꢄꢅ
ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢔꢂꢆꢅꢍ ꢟꢍꢎꢌ ꢱꢄꢎ ꢍꢈꢉꢞꢜꢠꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢗꢤꢻ ꢇꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢄꢈ ꢀꢸ ꢌ ꢉꢠꢟ ꢆꢂꢎꢆ ꢨꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢄ ꢞꢜꢠꢆꢜꢅꢂ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢎꢉꢠꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢊꢜꢈꢖꢍ ꢎꢜꢨꢞꢜꢠꢆꢜꢅꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢚꢛ ꢌꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢬꢛꢗ ꢊꢖꢭ ꢍꢈ
ꢁꢥꢾ ꢬꢗꢤꢗꢀ ꢇꢡꢭ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢄꢃꢃꢠꢍꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢄ ꢃꢄꢃꢂꢅ ꢟꢍꢎꢢ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢂꢠꢃ ꢉꢊ ꢄ ꢇꢍꢞꢅꢉꢫ
ꢂ
ꢃꢍꢃꢂꢆꢆꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢟꢍꢎꢢꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢠꢂꢊꢆ ꢍꢈ ꢄꢈ ꢍꢈꢞꢜꢨꢄꢆꢉꢅ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢦꢸ ꢌ ꢄꢆ ꢩꢚ ꢋꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢃꢄꢃꢂꢅ
ꢟꢍꢎꢢꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢆꢌꢂꢈ ꢄꢃꢃꢠꢍꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꢄꢅꢠꢍꢂꢅ ꢍꢈꢉꢞꢜꢠꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢄꢖꢄꢅ ꢃꢠꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢍꢟ ꢉꢊ
ꢂ
ꢊꢉꢅꢞꢂꢃꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢈꢞꢜꢨꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢄꢆ ꢩꢚ ꢋ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢀꢸꢀꢛꢦ ꢌꢤ ꣂꢉꢈꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢍꢈꢌꢍꢨꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢇꢂꢄꢎꢜꢅꢂꢟ
ꢄꢅꢉꢜꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢟꢍꢎꢞꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢄꢎ ꢄ ꢇꢂꢄꢎꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢇꢍꢞꢅꢉꢨꢍꢄꢠ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏꢤ
ꢉꢅꢀUꢋꢃꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢈꢆꢀꢊUꢀꢀꢆꢌꢂ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢀꢫꢐ ꢁꢫꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢫꢎꢜꢨꢎꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢨꢂꢈꢫ
ꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢉꢨꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢄꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂ
ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢄꢆꢂ ꢂꢎꢆꢂꢅꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢌꢏꢟꢅꢉꢜꢎ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢈꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢊꢄꢍꢅꢠꢏ ꢖꢉꢉꢟ ꢏꢍꢂꢠꢟꢎ
ꢬꢻꢸꢀꢘꢦ%ꢭ ꢄꢞꢞꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢉ ꢲꢺꢎꢤ ꢬꢀꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢬꢛꢭꢤ
ꢋꢘꢰꢻꢋꢧꢧꢋꢰꢩ ꢆ ꢓꢰꢛꢓꢰꢛ ꢇ ꢋꢘꢰꢻꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛ ꢆ ꢋꢰꢩꢧꢰ
ꢈꢀꢉ
ꢈꢀ; ꢁ; ꢂꢉꢫꢋꢰꢩꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢧꢧꢋꢰꢩ ꢆ ꢓꢰꢛꢓꢰꢛ
ꢇ ꢈꢀ; ꢁ; ꢂꢉꢫꢋꢰꢩꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛ ꢆ ꢋꢰꢩꢧꢰ
ꢈꢛꢉ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢏꢆꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢟꢄꢆꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢉꢎꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ
ꢄꢅꢂ ꢃꢅꢂꢎꢂꢈꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢣꢄꢨꢠꢂ ꢪꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢠꢆꢍꢈꢖ ꢃꢉꢍꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ
ꢄꢆꢀꢀꢦ ꢀꢀꢀꢘ ꢂꢋ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢄꢅꢂꢎ ꢊꢄꢒꢉꢅꢄꢨꢠꢏ ꢱꢂꢠꢠ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢆꢂꢅꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢒꢄꢠꢜꢂ
ꢬꢀꢀꢻꢀꢀꢀꢚ ꢂꢋꢭꢤ[ꢘ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢟ ꢌꢂꢅꢂ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ
®ꢅꢎꢆꢍꢆꢇꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢀꢰ ꢓꢥꢶ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ
ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢎꢌꢉꢱ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢅꢏꢠ ꢃꢅꢉꢆꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢎ ꢇꢜꢠꢆꢍꢃꢠꢂꢆꢎ

8ꢢ6
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
8ꢢ7

8ꢢ8
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
ꢄꢅꢉꢜꢈꢟ ꢋ ꢚꢤꢛꢻꢐ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢄꢎ ꢄ ꢎꢍꢈꢖꢠꢂꢆ ꢄꢆ ꢋ ꢩꢤꢦꢻ
ꢊꢉꢅ ꢀꢫꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋ ꢛꢤꢦꢻ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢨꢉꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢁꢫ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢫꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢟꢂꢅꢍꢒꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂꢎꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢄꢎꢎ ꢊꢅꢄꢖꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢃꢄꢆꢆꢂꢅꢈ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ
ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢎꢌꢉꢱꢎ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢉꢎꢆ ꢄꢨꢜꢈꢟꢄꢈꢆ ꢇꢄꢎꢎꢂꢎ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢆ ꢇ=ꢯ ꢻꢀꢐ ꢘꢻꢐ
ꢼꢀꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢀꢀꢼꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢃꢂꢄꢢ ꢄꢆꢇ =ꢯ ꢀꢀꢼ ꢍꢎ ꢟꢜꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢉꢎꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢫꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛ ꢇꢉꢍꢂꢆꢏ
ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢄꢏ ꢨꢂ ꢄꢎꢞꢅꢍꢨꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢋꢰꢩꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢧꢆ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢆ
ꢃꢂꢄꢢ ꢄꢆꢇ =ꢯ ꢼꢀ ꢍꢎ ꢟꢜꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢆꢅꢉꢃꢏꢠꢍꢜꢇ ꢍꢉꢈꢐ ꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢰꢩ ꢬꢉꢅ ꢋꢚꢰꢚꢆꢭꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ
ꢇꢄꢎꢎꢂꢎ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢆꢇ =ꢯ ꢘꢻ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢻꢀ ꢍꢈꢟꢍꢞꢄꢆꢂ ꢊꢜꢅꢆꢌꢂꢅ ꢊꢅꢄꢖꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢆ
ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢂꢈꢂ ꢈꢜꢞꢠꢂꢜꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢄꢏ ꢨꢂ ꢄꢎꢞꢅꢍꢨꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢋꢻꢰꢻ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢦꢰꢩꢆꢐ
ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏꢤ[ꢛꢛ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢉꢠꢂꢞꢜꢠꢄꢅ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢃꢂꢄꢢ ꢬꢋꢰꢩꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛꢆꢭ ꢱꢄꢎ
ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢆ ꢇ=ꢯ ꢀꢻꢗꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢊꢉꢅꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢇꢄꢏ ꢨꢂ ꢅꢂꢃꢅꢂꢎꢂꢈꢆꢂꢟ
ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏ ꢨꢏ ꢲꢺꢎꢤ ꢬꢩꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢬꢦꢭꢤ
ꢋꢜXꢛꢁꢍꢰꢛꢧ ꢆ ꢛꢋꢘꢰꢻꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛ
ꢇ ꢋꢜꢊꢋꢘꢰꢻꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛꢋꢛXꢛ ꢆ ꢰꢛꢧ
ꢈꢩꢉ
ꢈꢦꢉ
ꢋꢜXꢛꢁꢍꢰꢛꢧ ꢆ ꢛꢎꢫꢋꢰꢩꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛ
ꢇ ꢋꢜꢊꢋꢰꢩꢋꢘꢰꢦꢋꢧꢓꢰꢓꢰꢛꢋꢛXꢛ ꢆ ꢰꢛꢧ
ꢱꢌꢂꢅꢂ X ꢀ ꢋꢠꢐ ꢓꢧꢩꢐ ꢋꢰꢩꢋꢧꢧꢐ ꢉꢅ ꢀ=ꢛꢙꢧꢦꢽ ꢎ ꢀ ꢀꢆꢇꢈꢀꢏꢐ ꢁꢉꢇꢊꢏꢐ ꢀꢆ ꢂꢊꢆꢊꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢫ
ꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢟꢍꢎꢃꢠꢄꢏ ꢇꢄꢅꢢꢂꢟ ꢍꢈꢎꢉꢠꢜꢨꢍꢠꢍꢆꢏ ꢍꢈ ꢞꢉꢇꢇꢉꢈ ꢉꢅꢖꢄꢈꢍꢞ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢊꢄꢍꢅꢠꢏ ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢨꢠꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢉꢠꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢉꢨꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢄꢎ ꢎꢉꢠꢍꢟꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢒꢄꢅꢍꢉꢜꢎ ꢎꢌꢄꢟꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢠꢜꢂꢐ ꢖꢅꢂꢂꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢨꢅꢉꢱꢈꢤ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢢꢈꢉꢱꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢨꢂ ꢇꢉꢎꢆꢠꢏ ꢨꢠꢜꢂ ꢉꢅ ꢖꢅꢂꢂꢈꢤ
ꢆꢙꢧꢥꢝꢥꢗꢛ ꢀꢠꢗꢨꢣꢥꢝ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢆꢏꢃꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢊꢂꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢪꢶ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢈꢎꢍꢎꢆꢂꢈꢆ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢞꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢎꢆꢍꢞꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢫ
ꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢎꢆꢜꢟꢍꢂꢟꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ``ꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂ'' ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢞ ꢅꢂ¯ꢂꢞꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢨꢄꢈꢟ
ꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢓꢜꣀꢉꢠ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢎꢌꢉꢱꢈ ꢍꢈ ꢣꢄꢨꢠꢂ ꢪꢪꢤ ꢪꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢐ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢅꢂꢠꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢒꢍꢨꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢉꢊꢆꢂꢈ ꢜꢎꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢍꢈꢊꢂꢅ
ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢂꢎꢂ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ `ꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂ ꢪ'ꢐ ꢞꢄꢅꢨꢉꢈꢏꢠ
ꢎꢆꢅꢂꢆꢞꢌꢍꢈꢖ ꢇꢉꢟꢂ ꢌꢎꢬꢋ-ꢧꢭꢽ ꢆꢌꢂ `ꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂ ꢪꢪ'ꢐ ꢋꢬꢓꢫꢰꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢃꢠꢄꢈꢂ ꢨꢂꢈꢟꢍꢈꢖ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢌꢬꢋꢫꢓꢭ ꢎꢆꢅꢂꢆꢞꢌꢍꢈꢖ ꢇꢉꢟꢂꢎꢽ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢬꢓꢰꢛꢭ ꢎꢆꢅꢂꢆꢞꢌꢍꢈꢖ ꢊꢅꢂꢺꢜꢂꢈꢞꢏꢤ ꢪꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢇꢍꢈꢉ ꢎꢆꢅꢂꢆꢞꢌꢍꢈꢖ ꢒꢍꢨꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢌꢎꢬꢓꢰꢛꢭ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢩꢻꢗꢗꢀꢩꢩꢀꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ
ꢨꢂꢞꢉꢇꢂ ꢱꢂꢄꢢꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ ꢠꢉꢱꢂꢅꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢩꢦꢻꢸꢀꢩꢀꢻꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢉꢈ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ

81ꢢ
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢍꢉꢈꢤ ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢎꢌꢍꢊꢆ ꢍꢈꢟꢍꢞꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢒꢉꢠꢒꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢫꢓꢰꢛ ꢖꢅꢉꢜꢃ ꢍꢈ
ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢃꢅꢂꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢒꢍꢨꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢖꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢂꢠꢉꢱ ꢀꢚꢗꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢟꢍꢞꢜꢠꢆꢉꢆ
ꢇꢄꢢꢂ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢞꢂꢅꢆꢄꢍꢈꢆꢏꢤ ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢨꢂꢞꢉꢇꢂꢎ ꢇꢉꢅꢂ ꢟꢍꢞꢜꢠꢆ ꢨꢂꢞꢄꢜꢎꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢨꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢍꢞ ꢅꢍꢈꢖꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢒꢄꢠ ꢀꢘꢀꢗꢀꢀꢩꢛꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢟꢍ€ꢂꢅꢍꢈꢖ
ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢖꢍꢒꢂꢈ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢍꢎ ꢅꢂꢖꢍꢉꢈꢤ[ꢼꢀꢀꢩ] ꢰꢉꢱꢂꢒꢂꢅꢐ ꢟꢜꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢠꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏ ꢠꢉꢱ
ꢍꢈ¯ꢜꢂꢈꢞꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢍꢞ ꢈꢜꢞꢠꢂꢜꢎ ꢉꢈ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢒꢍꢨꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢆ
ꢀꢘꢘꢛ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢀꢘꢘꢗꢀꢀꢘꢩꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ
ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢐ ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏꢐ ꢌꢄꢒꢂ ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ
``ꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂ ꢪ'' ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢤ ꢣꢌꢂꢎꢂ ꢒꢍꢨꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢠꢉꢱꢂꢅꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢬꢀꢘꢦꢸꢀꢀꢻꢸꢼ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢭ ꢎꢜꢖꢖꢂꢎꢆꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢄꢅꢨꢉꢈꢏꢠ
ꢉꢮꢏꢖꢂꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ``ꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂ ꢪꢪ'' ꢨꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ
ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢖꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢀꢻꢸꢗꢀꢀꢻꢚꢗ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢌꢀꢻꢩꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢐ ꢅꢂꢎꢫ
ꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏꢐ ꢟꢉꢂꢎ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅ ꢆꢉ ꢨꢂ ꢎꢂꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢒꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢏ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠꢤ ꢣꢌꢍꢎ
ꢌꢄꢎ ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢈꢉꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢃꢅꢂꢒꢍꢉꢜꢎ ꢎꢆꢜꢟꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢈ ꢎꢍꢇꢍꢠꢄꢅ ꢎꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇꢎꢤ[ꢘꢐꢀꢛꢀꢀꢩꢐꢀꢚ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢟꢂꢊꢉꢅꢫ
ꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢋꢬꢓꢰꢛꢭ ꢄꢆ ꢌ ꢀꢘꢛꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢐ ꢍꢬꢓꢰꢛꢭ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢀꢦꢗꢗꢀꢀꢩꢗꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢐ
ꢈꢬꢓꢰꢛꢭ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢀꢗꢦꢗꢀꢀꢗꢩꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢬꢰꢓꢓꢭ ꢄꢆ ꢌꢀꢛꢻꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢟꢉ ꢈꢉꢆ
ꢂꢮꢃꢂꢅꢍꢂꢈꢞꢂ ꢎꢍꢖꢈꢍ®ꢞꢄꢈꢆ ꢎꢌꢍꢊꢆꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢨꢂꢞꢄꢜꢎꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢄꢨꢎꢂꢈꢞꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢰꢫꢨꢉꢈꢟꢎ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢋ-ꢧ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢓꢰꢛꢤ[ꢀꢚ] ꢧꢆꢌꢂꢅ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠꢫꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢅꢂꢠꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢒꢍꢨꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢠꢉꢱ ꢦꢻꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢤ
ꢅꢕꢗꢨꢣꢥꢜꢙꢦꢨ ꢀꢠꢗꢨꢣꢥꢝ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢟꢫꢟ ꢆꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢍꢎ ꢄ ꢨꢍꢆ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢍꢞꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢂꢞꢄꢜꢎꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢠꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏ ꢠꢉꢱꢫꢎꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢂꢈꢒꢍꢅꢉꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢬꢠꢂꢎꢎ ꢆꢌꢄꢈ
ꢞꢜꢨꢍꢞꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢋꢜꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢎ ꢞꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢎꢆꢍꢞꢄꢠꢠꢏ ꢊꢉꢜꢈꢟꢤ ꢁꢍꢎꢆꢍꢈꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈ
ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢂꢆꢅꢄꢖꢉꢈꢄꢠꢠꢏ ꢟꢍꢎꢆꢉꢅꢆꢂꢟ ꢉꢞꢆꢄꢌꢂꢟꢅꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢍꢎ
ꢄꢠꢎꢉ ꢟꢍꢞꢜꢠꢆ ꢆꢉ ꢇꢄꢢꢂ ꢟꢜꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꣄ꢄꢌꢈꢫꢣꢂꢠꢠꢂꢅ ꢂ€ꢂꢞꢆ ꢄꢅꢍꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢜꢈꢂꢺꢜꢄꢠ
ꢉꢞꢞꢜꢃꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꢖ ꢃꢄꢍꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢉꢅꢨꢍꢆꢄꢠꢎ ꢬꢑꢯꢛꢐ ꢑꢮꢛꢃꢏꢛꢭꢤ[ꢛꢩꢀꢛꢦ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢞ
ꢅꢂ¯ꢂꢞꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢉꢠꢍꢟ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢓꢜꣀꢉꢠ ꢇꢜꢠꢠ ꢟꢍꢎꢃꢠꢄꢏ ꢄ ꢞꢌꢄꢅꢖꢂ
ꢆꢅꢄꢈꢎꢊꢂꢅ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢜꢠꢆꢅꢄꢒꢍꢉꢠꢂꢆ ꢅꢂꢖꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢦꢗꢐꢻꢼꢗꢀꢦꢛꢐꢀꢼꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢉꢆꢌꢂꢅ
ꢨꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢄꢍꢠꢍꢈꢖ ꢍꢈꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢒꢍꢎꢍꢨꢠꢂ ꢅꢂꢖꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ ꢛꢦꢐꢛꢦꢗꢀꢛꢘꢐꢀꢼꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢤ ꢣꢌꢂꢎꢂ
ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢌꢄꢅꢖꢂ ꢆꢅꢄꢈꢎꢊꢂꢅ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ
ꢉꢅꢨꢍꢆꢄꢠꢎ ꢃꢅꢍꢇꢄꢅꢍꢠꢏ ꢠꢉꢞꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢉꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢠꢄꢆꢆꢂꢅ ꢨꢄꢈꢟ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢞꢉꢈꢆꢅꢉꢒꢂꢅꢎꢍꢄꢠꢤ[ꢛꢻ] ꣃꢌꢍꢠꢂ ꢎꢉꢇꢂ ꢄꢜꢆꢌꢉꢅꢎ ꢨꢂꢠꢍꢂꢒꢂ ꢍꢆ ꢇꢄꢏ ꢨꢂ
ꢄ ꢟꢫꢟ ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢐ ꢉꢆꢌꢂꢅꢎ ꢊꢂꢠꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢨꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢎ ꢍꢈꢟꢍꢞꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢄ ꢟꢍꢇꢂꢅꢍꢞ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢐ[ꢛꢻꢀꢛꢚ]
ꢄꢠꢆꢌꢉꢜꢖꢌ ꢄ ꢈꢜꢇꢨꢂꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢇꢉꢈꢉꢇꢂꢅꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢃꢉꢠꢏꢇꢂꢅꢍꢞ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ
[ꢛꢻꢐꢛꢸꢀꢩꢗ]
ꢂꢮꢌꢍꢨꢍꢆꢌꢆꢍꢎ ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢒꢍꢎꢍꢨꢠꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢫ
ꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢟꢍꢎꢃꢠꢄꢏ ꢄ ꢃꢅꢉꢇꢍꢈꢂꢈꢆꢐ ꢇꢉꢎꢆꢠꢏ ꢜꢈꢎꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢍꢞꢄꢠꢐ ꢨꢅꢉꢄꢟ ꢨꢄꢈꢟ ꢨꢂꢆꢱꢂꢂꢈ
ꢛꢀꢐꢸꢸꢗꢀꢀꢦꢐꢗꢀꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢂꢈꢆꢅꢂ ꢄꢆ ꢌꢀꢻꢐꢗꢗꢗ ꢞꢇꢃꢀꢤ ꢣꢌꢂꢎꢂ ꢨꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ
ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢖꢈꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢟꢫꢟ ꢆꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ ꢎꢃꢠꢍꢆꢆꢍꢈꢖ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
811
ꢞꢄꢈ ꢨꢂ ꢄꢆꢆꢅꢍꢨꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꣄ꢄꢌꢈꢫꢣꢂꢠꢠꢂꢅ ꢟꢍꢎꢆꢉꢅꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ[ꢛꢦꢐꢛꢻꢐꢛꢼ] ꢣꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄꢠ ꢃꢄꢆꢆꢂꢅꢈꢎ
ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢞꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢎꢆꢍꢞ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢉꢎꢂ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢍꢮꢂꢟ
ꢧꢐꢓ ꢟꢉꢈꢉꢅ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢌꢄꢒꢂ ꢨꢂꢂꢈ ꢢꢈꢉꢱꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢃꢅꢉꢒꢍꢟꢂ ꢂꢮꢄꢇꢃꢠꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢉꢈꢠꢏ
ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢜꢆ ꢄꢠꢎꢉꢐ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢉꢠꢍꢟꢫꢎꢆꢄꢆꢂꢐ ꢂꢮꢄꢇꢃꢠꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫ
ꢃꢏꢅꢄꢇꢍꢟꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢨꢏ ꢟꢍꢇꢂꢅꢍꢯꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ[ꢛꢦ] ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢍꢎ ꢊꢜꢅꢆꢌꢂꢅ ꢎꢆꢅꢂꢈꢖꢆꢌꢂꢈꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢈꢂꢄꢅ ꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛ ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢄ ꢎꢍꢇꢍꢠꢄꢅ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢎꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇ
ꢠꢍꢢꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ
ꢐꢝꢘꢙꢗꢣꢦꢨ ꢐꢜꢩꢗꢙꢣꢖ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢎꢆꢜꢟꢍꢂꢟ ꢟꢍꢎꢃꢠꢄꢏ ꢂ€ꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂ ꢇꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢇꢉꢇꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢬꢊꢂ€ꢭ ꢍꢈ ꢆ ꢌꢂ
ꢅꢄꢈꢖꢂ ꢀꢤꢘꢘꢀꢀꢤꢼꢛ ꢕꢤꢥꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢅꢂꢟꢜꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈ ꢊꢂ€ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢎꢉꢇꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢍꢈꢫꢉꢈꢠꢏ ꢒꢄꢠꢜꢂ ꢬꢊꢎꢤꢉꢤꢭ ꢉꢊ ꢀꢤꢚꢩ ꢕꢤꢥꢤ ꢞꢄꢈ ꢨꢂ ꢄꢆꢆꢅꢍꢨꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢎꢆꢅꢉꢈꢖ ꢋꢜꢫꢋꢜ
ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢄꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢎꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢅꢄꢟꢍꢞꢄꢠꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢠꢄꢆꢆꢍꢞꢂ ꢄꢎ ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛꢤ ꢷꢂꢈꢂꢅꢄꢠꢠꢏꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢇꢉꢇꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢟꢼ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢂꢮꢃꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢆꢉ ꢨꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢂꢮꢞꢂꢎꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ `ꢎꢃꢍꢈ ꢉꢈꢠꢏ' ꢒꢄꢠꢜꢂ ꢅꢂꢖꢄꢅꢟꢠꢂꢎꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢎꢆꢂꢅꢂꢉꢞꢌꢂꢇꢍꢎꢆꢅꢏ ꢟꢜꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢉꢅꢨꢍꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢈꢆꢅꢍꢨꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ `ꢇꢍꢮꢍꢈꢖ' ꢉꢊ ꢂꢮꢞꢍꢆꢂꢟ ꢣ
ꢆꢂꢅꢇꢎ ꢍꢈꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢖꢅꢉꢜꢈꢟ ꢆꢂꢅꢇꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢂ€ꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂ ꢇꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢇꢉꢇꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢇꢄꢖꢈꢂꢫ
ꢆꢍꢞꢄꢠꢠꢏ ꢟꢍꢠꢜꢆꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢅꢄꢈꢖꢂ ꢀꢤꢼꢀꢛꢤꢛ ꢕꢤꢥꢤꢐ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ
ꢱꢌꢉꢎꢂ ꢖꢂꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢄꢃꢃꢅꢉꢄꢞꢌꢂꢎ ꢒꢈ ꢌꢄꢒꢍꢈꢖ ꢇꢉꢇꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢉꢱꢂꢅ ꢂꢈꢟ ꢱꢌꢍꢠꢂ
ꢆꢌꢉꢎꢂ ꢄꢃꢃꢅꢉꢄꢞꢌꢍꢈꢖ ꢓꢑ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢄꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢍꢖꢌꢂꢅ ꢂꢈꢟꢽ ꢆꢌꢍꢎ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢨꢂ ꢎꢜꢃꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ
ꢉꢆꢌꢂꢅ ꢇꢂꢄꢎꢜꢅꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢎꢤ[ꢛꢦ]
ꢐꢦꢨꢥꢜꢫꢦꢜꢕꢜꢘꢟ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢨꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢆꢍꢊꢜꢈꢖꢄꢠ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢱꢂꢅꢂ
ꢆꢂꢎꢆꢂꢟ ꢄꢖꢄꢍꢈꢎꢆ ꢒꢄꢅꢍꢉꢜꢎ ꢨꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢄ ꢬꢔꢇꢊꢂꢈꢕꢖꢀꢃꢀꢃꢃꢗꢅ ꢊꢗꢆꢉꢗꢅꢐ ꢘꢖꢉꢙꢅꢄꢉꢖꢖꢊ ꢂꢚꢉꢗꢁꢀꢏ
ꢚꢄꢊꢉꢐ ꢘꢖꢉꢙꢅꢄꢉꢖꢖꢊ ꢉꢑꢌꢊꢆꢑꢅꢄꢉꢖꢖꢊꢐ ꢔꢇꢆꢉꢂꢇꢀꢃꢀꢃꢃꢗꢅ ꢛꢊꢉꢃꢊꢖꢄꢅꢐ ꢜꢊꢃꢄꢖꢖꢗꢅ ꢃꢉꢆꢉꢗꢅꢐ ꢜꢀꢇꢆꢄꢏ
ꢑꢄꢂꢖꢀꢑꢄꢊ ꢅꢂꢂꢽꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢊꢜꢈꢖꢍ ꢬꢝꢈꢄꢎꢀꢂꢗꢅ ꢀꢖꢄꢞꢀꢂꢀꢆꢀꢗꢅꢐ ꢟꢅꢂꢉꢆꢞꢄꢖꢖꢗꢅ ¯ꢊꢋꢊꢉ ꢊꢚꢑ
ꢠꢊꢚꢑꢄꢑꢊ ꢊꢖꢙꢄꢃꢊꢚꢅꢭ ꢨꢏ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢉꢟ ꢍꢈꢟꢍꢞꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꢮꢃꢂꢅꢍꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢠ ꢎꢂꢞꢆꢍꢉꢈꢤ
ꢓꢉꢈꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎ ꢆꢂꢎꢆꢂꢟ ꢎꢌꢉꢱꢂꢟ ꢎꢍꢖꢈꢍ®ꢞꢄꢈꢆ ꢄꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏ ꢄꢖꢄꢍꢈꢎꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢎꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢇꢍꢞꢅꢉꢉꢅꢖꢄꢈꢍꢎꢇꢎꢤ
ꢊꢥꢟꢖꢣꢝꢕ ꢀꢣꢥꢓꢨꢣꢓꢥꢗ ꢧꢜꢥ ꢊꢓ[ꢑꢇꢄ]ꢔꢎꢂꢌ3ꢏꢔ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢃꢅꢍꢈꢞꢍꢃꢄꢠ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢊꢂꢄꢆꢜꢅꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢍꢠꢠꢜꢎꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ
ꢾꢍꢖꢤ ꢀ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢉꢈꢟ ꢟꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢠꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢣꢄꢨꢠꢂ ꢪꢪꢪꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ
ꢇꢉꢠꢂꢞꢜꢠꢄꢅ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢞꢉꢈꢎꢍꢎꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢄ ꢟꢍꢎꢞꢅꢂꢆꢂ ꢊꢉꢜꢅꢫꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢆꢱꢉ ꢜꢈꢍꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢜꢆꢍꢠꢍꢯꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢄꢅꢨꢉꢈꢏꢠ
ꢉꢮꢏꢖꢂꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢉꢖꢂꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢇꢍꢈꢉ ꢖꢅꢉꢜꢃ ꢖꢍꢒꢍꢈꢖ ꢄ ꢋꢜꢓꢛꢧꢛ

81ꢔ
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
Figure 1. ꢧꢅꢆꢂꢃ ꢅꢂꢃꢅꢂꢎꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛꢤ ꢲꢠꢠꢍꢃꢎꢉꢍꢟꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ
ꢟꢅꢄꢱꢈ ꢄꢆ ꢻꢗ% ꢃꢅꢉꢨꢄꢨꢍꢠꢍꢆꢏ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢃꢅꢉꢆꢉꢈꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢉꢇꢍꢆꢆꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢞꢠꢄꢅꢍꢆꢏꢤ
ꢞꢌꢅꢉꢇꢉꢃꢌꢉꢅꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢆꢱꢉ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂ ꢄꢈꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢠꢄꢆꢆꢍꢞꢂ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢜꢈꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢟ
ꢨꢜꢆ ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢄꢞꢆ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮ ꢋꢄꢊ ꢰꢫꢨꢉꢈꢟꢍꢈꢖ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢉꢮꢏꢖꢂꢈ ꢄꢆꢉꢇꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢄꢆꢂ ꢄꢈꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢉꢖꢂꢈꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢇꢍꢈꢉ ꢖꢅꢉꢜꢃ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ
ꢇꢉꢍꢂꢆꢏꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢖꢂꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢄꢅꢉꢜꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢄꢆꢉꢇ ꢍꢎ ꢒꢍꢅꢆꢜꢄꢠꢠꢏ
ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢫꢬꢓꢀꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢓꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢫꢬꢧꢀꢭ ꢄꢈꢖꢠꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢼꢘꢤꢛꢼꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢸꢩꢤꢚꢀꢂꢐ ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏꢐ ꢎꢌꢉꢱꢍꢈꢖ ꢄ ꢟꢂꢒꢍꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢠꢂꢎꢎ ꢆꢌꢄꢈ ꢚꢂ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢄ ꢃꢂꢅꢊꢂꢞꢆ
ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢖꢂꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢨꢉꢈꢟ ꢄꢈꢖꢠꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢼꢗꢂꢤ ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢉꢨꢎꢂꢅꢒꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢎ ꢎꢍꢇꢍꢠꢄꢅ
ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢓꢛꢧꢛ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢉꢖꢜꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢋꢜꢬꢎꢄꢠꢂꢈꢭ[ꢩꢀꢀꢩꢛ] ꢄꢈꢟ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢓꢦ ꢄꢈꢄꢠꢉꢖꢜꢂ[ꢩꢩꢀꢩꢦ] ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ
ꢄꢅꢂ ꢂꢎꢎꢂꢈꢆꢍꢄꢠꢠꢏ ꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢟꢍꢌꢂꢟꢅꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢖꢠꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢗ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢸꢂꢐ ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢍꢒꢂꢠꢏꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
813
Table III. ꢙꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢕꢉꢈꢟ ꢁꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢝꢈꢖꢠꢂꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛ
ꢕꢉꢈꢟ ꢁꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢬꢝꢭ
ꢝꢈꢖꢠꢂꢎ ꢬꢂꢭ
ꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢧꢬꢀꢭ
ꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢧꢬꢀꢝꢭ
ꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢭ
ꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢝꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭ
ꢧꢬꢛꢭꢫꢓꢬꢩꢭ
ꢧꢬꢩꢭꢫꢓꢬꢩꢭ
ꢧꢬꢦꢭꢫꢓꢬꢩꢭ
ꢓꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢛꢭ
ꢓꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭ
ꢋꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭ
ꢋꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢚꢭ
ꢋꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢩꢭ
ꢋꢬꢩꢭꢫꢋꢬꢦꢭ
ꢋꢬꢦꢭꢫꢋꢬꢻꢭ
ꢋꢬꢻꢭꢫꢋꢬꢘꢭ
ꢋꢬꢘꢭꢫꢋꢬꢚꢭ
ꢀꢤꢼꢦꢩꢸꢬꢀꢦꢭ
ꢀꢤꢼꢦꢩꢸꢬꢀꢦꢭ
ꢀꢤꢼꢚꢘꢩꢬꢀꢘꢭ
ꢀꢤꢼꢚꢘꢩꢬꢀꢘꢭ
ꢀꢤꢛꢘꢩꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢤꢛꢩꢼꢬꢩꢭ
ꢀꢤꢛꢻꢼꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢤꢛꢦꢛꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢤꢦꢀꢚꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢛꢘꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢤꢦꢚꢚꢬꢩꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢸꢼꢬꢩꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢸꢼꢬꢩꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢼꢀꢬꢦꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢸꢗꢬꢦꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢸꢛꢬꢦꢭ
ꢀꢤꢩꢸꢩꢬꢩꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢧꢬꢀꢝꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢝꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢝꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢝꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢝꢭ
ꢓꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢝꢭ
ꢋꢬꢀꢭꢫꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭ
ꢓꢬꢛꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢜꢬꢀꢭ
ꢋꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢛꢭꢫꢓꢬꢀꢭ
ꢧꢬꢛꢭꢫꢓꢬꢩꢭꢫꢧꢬꢦꢭ
ꢧꢬꢛꢭꢫꢓꢬꢩꢭꢫꢧꢬꢩꢭ
ꢧꢬꢦꢭꢫꢓꢬꢩꢭꢫꢧꢬꢩꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭꢫꢓꢬꢛꢭ
ꢧꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭ
ꢓꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭ
ꢋꢬꢚꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢩꢭ
ꢋꢬꢚꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭ
ꢋꢬꢩꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢀꢭ
ꢋꢬꢛꢭꢫꢋꢬꢩꢭꢫꢋꢬꢦꢭ
ꢋꢬꢻꢭꢫꢋꢬꢦꢭꢫꢋꢬꢩꢭ
ꢋꢬꢦꢭꢫꢋꢬꢻꢭꢫꢋꢬꢘꢭ
ꢋꢬꢻꢭꢫꢋꢬꢘꢭꢫꢋꢬꢚꢭ
ꢋꢬꢘꢭꢫꢋꢬꢚꢭꢫꢋꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢸꢗꢤꢗꢗꢬꢀꢀꢭ
ꢸꢩꢤꢚꢀꢬꢘꢭ
ꢼꢘꢤꢛꢼꢬꢘꢭ
ꢼꢘꢤꢛꢼꢬꢘꢭ
ꢸꢩꢤꢚꢀꢬꢘꢭ
ꢀꢸꢗꢤꢗꢗꢬꢀꢛꢭ
ꢀꢀꢛꢤꢗꢸꢬꢀꢩꢭ
ꢀꢗꢘꢤꢚꢘꢬꢀꢀꢭ
ꢀꢀꢚꢤꢗꢸꢬꢀꢘꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢸꢦꢬꢀꢚꢭ
ꢀꢀꢼꢤꢀꢗꢬꢀꢸꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢗꢘꢬꢀꢼꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢩꢻꢬꢀꢼꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢦꢩꢬꢀꢸꢭ
ꢀꢀꢼꢤꢛꢀꢬꢀꢸꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢀꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢀꢚꢤꢻꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢛꢛꢤꢦꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢀꢼꢤꢻꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢗꢬꢩꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢘꢬꢛꢭ
ꢀꢀꢼꢤꢚꢬꢩꢭ
ꢀꢛꢗꢤꢀꢬꢩꢭ
ꢙꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢞꢉꢟꢂꢎ ꢬꢝꢭ ꢃꢮꢐ ꢃꢏꢐ ꢃꢯꢤ
ꢋꢜꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢎ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢆꢱꢉ ꢂꢺꢜꢄꢠꢐ ꢎꢌꢉꢅꢆ ꢋꢜꢫꢓ ꢟꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢬꢀꢤꢼꢚ ꢝꢭ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢆꢱꢉ ꢋꢜꢫꢧ ꢟꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢬꢀꢤꢼꢦ ꢝꢭꢤ
ꢊꢌꢂꢊꢋUꢀꢆꢌꢂ
ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢈ ꢄ ꢨꢍꢟꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢂ
ꢊꢉꢅꢇ ꢜꢎꢍꢈꢖ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢓꢛꢧꢛ ꢞꢌꢅꢉꢇꢉꢃꢌꢉꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢄꢎ ꢍꢎ ꢂꢒꢍꢟꢂꢈꢆ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢄ
ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢄꢅꢍꢎꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢊꢅꢄꢅꢂꢟ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢠꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢂ ꢪꢶ
ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄ ꢟꢍꢟ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢎꢜꢖꢖꢂꢎꢆ ꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢈꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢤ ꢣꢌꢍꢎ ꢍꢎ ꢄꢠꢎꢉ ꢞꢉꢈꢎꢍꢎꢆꢂꢈꢆ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢞ ꢎꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄꢠ ꢃꢄꢆꢆꢂꢅꢈꢎ
ꢉꢨꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢟ ꢱꢌꢍꢞꢌ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢆꢏꢃꢍꢞꢄꢠ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢄ ꢊꢉꢜꢅꢫꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂꢐ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢖꢂꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢇꢄꢅꢢꢂꢟ ꢍꢈꢎꢉꢠꢜꢨꢍꢠꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠ ꢎꢜꢨꢫ

814
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
ꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢟ ꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢞꢉꢇꢇꢉꢈ ꢎꢉꢠꢒꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢞꢉꢜꢠꢟ ꢨꢂ ꢟꢜꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢉꢠꢍꢖꢉꢇꢂꢅꢍꢎꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈ
ꢎꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢎꢜꢃꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢟ ꢨꢏ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢞꢍꢟ ꢅꢄꢟꢍꢞꢄꢠꢎꢤ ꢝ ꢎꢺꢜꢄꢅꢂꢫꢃꢠꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢖꢂꢉꢇꢂꢆꢅꢏ ꢍꢎ
ꢎꢜꢖꢖꢂꢎꢆꢂꢟ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢞꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢎꢍꢇꢍꢠꢄꢅ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢉꢠꢂꢞꢜꢠꢄꢅ ꢎꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ
ꢉꢊ ꢋꢜ[ꢕꢝꢰ]ꢛꢬꢓꢧꢩꢭꢛꢤ
ꢇꢊKꢂꢌWꢋꢅꢈꢬꢐꢅꢂꢃꢀ
ꢣꢌꢂ ꢄꢜꢆꢌꢉꢅꢎ ꢱꢉꢜꢠꢟ ꢠꢍꢢꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢂꢮꢃꢅꢂꢎꢎ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢖꢅꢄꢆꢍꢆꢜꢟꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢥꢉꢠꢂꢞꢜꢠꢄꢅ
ꢁꢂꢎꢍꢖꢈ ꢪꢈꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂꢐ ꢷꢂꢉꢅꢖꢍꢄ ꢪꢈꢎꢆꢍꢆꢜꢆꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢣꢂꢞꢌꢈꢉꢠꢉꢖꢏꢐ ꢝꢆꢠꢄꢈꢆꢄꢐ ꢷꢄꢤ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢂꢞꢌꢈꢍꢞꢄꢠ
ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢞꢂꢤ ꢝ ꢠꢂꢄꢒꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢄꢨꢎꢂꢈꢞꢂ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢧꢝꢧ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢡꢄꢟꢉꢢꢂ ꢝꢢꢍꢈꢆꢉꢠꢄ ꢑꢈꢍꢒꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ
ꢣꢂꢞꢌꢈꢉꢠꢉꢖꢏꢐ ꢧꢖꢨꢉꢇꢉꢎꢉꢐ ꢓꢍꢖꢂꢅꢍꢄ ꢍꢎ ꢖꢅꢄꢆꢂꢊꢜꢠꢠꢏ ꢄꢞꢢꢈꢉꢱꢠꢂꢟꢖꢂꢟꢤ
ꢉꢅFꢅꢉꢅꢂꢊꢅꢀ
ꢀꢤ ꣂꢜꢨꢄꢅꢂꢒꢄꢐ ꢷꢤꢪꢤꢽ ꢝꢟꢂꢂꢒꢐ ꢙꢤꢑꢤꢽ ꢶꢄꢟꢜꢎꢌꢂꢒꢐ ꢝꢤꣁꢤꢽ ꢷꢉꢇꢯꢍꢢꢉꢒꢐ ꢝꢤꢪꢤꢽ
ꣂꢜꢨꢄꢅꢂꢒꢐ ꢥꢤꢔꢤ ꢣꢅꢂꢄꢆꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꣃꢄꢎꢆꢂꢱꢄꢆꢂꢅꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢶꢂꢇꢉꢒꢂ ꢥꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢪꢉꢈꢎ ꢨꢏ
ꢾꢠꢉꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢠꢍꢃꢌꢄꢆꢍꢞ ꢋꢄꢅꢨꢉꢮꢏꢠꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟꢤ ꢶꢜꢎꢎꢤ ꣄ꢤ
ꢝꢃꢃꢠꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1998ꢐ ꢡꢢ ꢬꢛꢭꢐ ꢛꢸꢩꢀꢛꢸꢚꢽ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢝꢨꢎꢆꢅꢤ 1998ꢐ ꢢꢣ9ꢐ ꢀꢀꢛꢸꢀꢀꢟꢤ
ꢛꢤ ꣂꢜꢨꢄꢅꢂꢒꢄꢐ ꢷꢤꢪꢤꢽ ꢶꢄꢟꢜꢎꢌꢂꢒꢐ ꢝꢤꣁꢤ ꢔꢅꢂꢞꢍꢃꢍꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢓꢉꢈꢫꢾꢂꢅꢅꢉꢜꢎ ꢥꢂꢆꢄꢠ
ꢪꢉꢈꢎ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢁꢍꢠꢜꢆꢂ ꢝꢺꢜꢂꢉꢜꢎ ꢙꢉꢠꢜꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢝꢠꢍꢃꢌꢄꢆꢍꢞ ꢋꢄꢅꢨꢉꢮꢏꢠꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟꢤ
ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ ꢶꢜꢎꢎꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢝꢃꢃꢠꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1996ꢐ ꢤ9 ꢬꢚꢭꢐ ꢀꢗꢀꢘꢀꢀꢗꢛꢗꢽ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ
ꢝꢨꢎꢆꢅꢤ 1996ꢐ ꢢꢣꢥꢐ ꢩꢗꢻꢦꢼꢸꢌꢤ
ꢩꢤ ꢶꢄꢟꢜꢎꢌꢂꢒꢐ ꢝꢤꣁꢤꢽ ꢷꢜꢎꢌꢂꢅꢐ ꣁꢤꢵꢤꢽ ꢕꢉꢖꢉꢇꢄꢯꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢷꢤꢙꢤꢽ ꢿꢉꢃꢄꢈꢂꢅꢐ ꢝꢤꢥꢤꢽ
ꢿꢜꢠꢇꢜꢢꢌꢄꢇꢂꢟꢉꢒꢐ ꢷꢤꢿꢤ ꢝꢠꢍꢞꢏꢞꢠꢍꢞ ꢋꢄꢅꢨꢉꢮꢏꢠꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢎ
ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢲꢮꢆꢅꢄꢞꢆꢄꢈꢆꢎꢤ ꢶꢜꢎꢎꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢝꢃꢃꢠꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1996ꢐ ꢤ9 ꢬꢸꢭꢐ ꢀꢀꢩꢼꢀꢀꢀꢦꢻꢽ
ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢝꢨꢎꢆꢅꢤ 1997ꢐ ꢢꢣꢤꢐ ꢀꢩꢩꢸꢚꢘꢖꢤ
ꢦꢤ ꣁꢄꢈꢢꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢶꢤꢽ ꢷꢄꢜꢟꢍꢈꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢝꢤꢽ ꢙꢜꢎꢎꢂꢈꢨꢂꢢꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢰꢤꢽ ꢁꢉꢨꢅꢂꢒꢐ ꢔꢤꢽ ꢙꢆꢅꢈꢄꢟꢐ
ꢥꢤꢽ ꢡꢂꢈꢊꢂꢠꢟꢐ ꣄ꢤ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢄꢅꢍꢎꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢧꢅꢍꢂꢈꢆꢂꢟ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢶꢄꢈꢟꢉꢇ ꢝꢈꢆꢍꢨꢉꢟꢏ
ꢪꢇꢇꢉꢨꢍꢠꢍꢯꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈ ꢪꢇꢇꢜꢈꢉꢄꢈꢍꢆꢏ ꢋꢌꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢉꢖꢅꢄꢃꢌꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢏꢆꢉꢢꢍꢈꢎꢤ
꣄ꢤ ꢋꢌꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢉꢖꢅꢄꢃꢌꢏ ꢝ 1998ꢐ ꢦꢢꢢꢐ ꢚꢚꢀꢸꢦꢤ
ꢻꢤ ꢙꢌꢂꢈꢐ Xꢤꢽ ꢷꢍꢂꢎꢂꢐ ꢶꢤꣃꢤ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢄꢎ ꢄ ꢡꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟ ꢥꢉꢍꢂꢆꢏ ꢍꢈ ꢪꢇꢇꢉꢨꢍꢠꢍꢯꢂꢟ
ꢥꢂꢆꢄꢠ ꢪꢉꢈ ꢝꢈꢍꢆꢏ ꢋꢌꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢉꢖꢅꢄꢃꢌꢏꢳ ꢙꢂꢃꢄꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢕꢧꢫꢪꢥꢪ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢕꢧꢁꢪꢔꢵꢫꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢋꢌꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢉꢖꢅꢤ ꢝ 1997ꢐ ꢡꢡꢡꢐ ꢛꢘꢀꢀꢛꢘꢻꢤ
ꢘꢤ ꢷꢄꢟꢐ ꢝꢤꢥꢤꢽ ꢲꢠꢫꢁꢍꢎꢎꢉꢜꢢꢏꢐ ꢝꢤꢽ ꢥꢄꢈꢎꢉꢜꢅꢐ ꢲꢤꢥꢤꢽ ꢲꢠꢫꢥꢄꢖꢌꢅꢄꢨꢏꢐ ꢝꢤ
ꢣꢌꢂꢅꢇꢄꢠ ꢙꢆꢄꢨꢍꢠꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢫꢝꢞꢅꢏꢠꢉꢏꢠ ꢕꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢍꢆꢎ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢎꢉꢇꢂ ꢣꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢥꢂꢆꢄꢠꢎꢤ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢇꢂꢅ ꢁꢂꢖꢅꢄꢟꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢙꢆꢄꢨꢍꢠꢍꢆꢏ ꢔꢢꢢꢢꢐ ꢤꢦꢐ ꢀꢻꢩꢀꢀꢻꢸꢤ
ꢚꢤ ꢷꢄꢠꢍꢞꢐ ꢓꢤꢽ ꢔꢂꢅꢍꢞꢐ ꢕꢤꢽ ꢿꢉꣀꢍꢞꢫꢔꢅꢉꢟꢍꢞꢐ ꢕꢤꢽ ꢋꢍꢇꢂꢅꢇꢄꢈꢐ ꣂꢤ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢎꢞꢉꢃꢍꢞ ꢋꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢎꢆꢍꢞꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢅꢉꢏꢠꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢉꢈꢂꢎ ꢁꢂꢅꢍꢒꢂꢟ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ
ꢓꢍꢞꢉꢆꢍꢈꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢥꢉꢠꢤ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢤ ꢔꢢꢢ1ꢐ ꢥꢥ9ꢐ ꢀꢸꢚꢀꢀꢼꢦꢤ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
815
ꢸꢤ ꢥꢄꢇꢉꢠꢉꢐ ꢥꢤꢷꢤꢽ ꢾꢄꢠꢄꢖꢍꢄꢈꢍꢐ ꣁꢤꢽ ꣂꢄꢇꢃꢍꢂꢅꢍꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꣁꢍꢉꢐ ꢡꢤꢽ ꢕꢄꢈ®ꢐ ꢲꢤ
ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢝꢈꢆꢍꢇꢏꢞꢉꢨꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢄꢠ ꢝꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ [ꢻꢫꢬꢔꢏꢅꢍꢟꢍꢈꢫꢛꢫꢏꢠꢭꢫꢀꢐꢩꢐꢦꢫ
ꢆꢌꢍꢄꢟꢍꢄꢯꢉꢠꢫꢛꢫꢏꢠꢆꢌꢍꢉ]ꢄꢞꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢝꢅꢏꢠꢍꢟꢂꢈꢂꢫꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢁꢂꢅꢍꢒꢄꢆꢍꢒꢂꢎꢤ
ꢪꢠ ꢾꢄꢅꢇꢄꢞꢉ ꢔꢢꢢ1ꢐ ꢥꢤ ꢬꢸꢭꢐ ꢻꢸꢚꢀꢻꢼꢛꢤ
ꢼꢤ ꢁꢉꢟꢉ€ꢐ ꢓꢤꢽ ꢷꢅꢄꢈꢞꢌꢄꢅꢉꢒꢐ ꢿꢤꢽ ꢙꢃꢄꢎꢎꢉꢒꢎꢢꢄꢐ ꢓꢤ ꢔꢠꢄꢆꢍꢈꢜꢇꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢫ
ꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢕꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢩꢫꢥꢂꢆꢌꢉꢮꢏꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ
ꢋꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢎꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢏꢆꢉꢆꢉꢮꢍꢞ ꢲ€ꢂꢞꢆꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢪꢈꢉꢅꢖꢤ ꢕꢍꢉꢞꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1994ꢐ ꢥꢧꢐ
ꢛꢛꢀꢀꢛꢛꢩꢤ
ꢀꢗꢤ ꢁꢉꢟꢉ€ꢐ ꢓꢤꢽ ꢷꢅꢄꢈꢞꢌꢄꢅꢉꢒꢐ ꢿꢤꢽ ꢙꢃꢄꢎꢎꢉꢒꢎꢢꢄꢐ ꢓꢤ ꢔꢠꢄꢆꢍꢈꢜꢇꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢦꢫꢥꢂꢆꢌꢉꢮꢏꢫ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢦꢫꢋꢌꢠꢉꢅꢉꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ
ꢋꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢎꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢏꢆꢉꢆꢉꢮꢍꢞ ꢲ€ꢂꢞꢆꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢪꢈꢉꢅꢖꢤ ꢕꢍꢉꢞꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1995ꢐ ꢤꢨꢐ
ꢛꢻꢚꢀꢛꢘꢘꢤ
ꢀꢀꢤ ꢿꢜꢎꢌꢂꢒꢐ ꢁꢤꢓꢤꢽ ꢙꢃꢄꢎꢎꢉꢒꢎꢢꢄꢐ ꢓꢤꢋꢤꢽ ꢣꢄꢮꢍꢅꢉꢒꢐ ꢙꢤꢪꢤꢽ ꢷꢅꢄꢈꢞꢌꢄꢅꢉꢒꢐ ꢿꢤꢋꢤ
ꢋꢏꢆꢉꢆꢉꢮꢍꢞꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢅꢉꢇꢄꢆꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢏꢞꢠꢉꢄꢠꢢꢄꢈꢂ ꢋꢄꢅꢨꢉꢮꢏꢠꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ
ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ ꣂꢤ ꢓꢄꢆꢜꢅꢊꢉꢅꢎꢞꢌꢤ 1997ꢐ ꢥꢣꢠꢐ ꢦꢼꢀꢻꢦꢤ
ꢀꢛꢤ ꢣꢄꢨꢄꢢꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢙꢤꢽ ꢁꢉꢟꢉ€ꢐ ꢓꢤ ꢲ€ꢂꢞꢆꢉꢊ ꢔꢠꢄꢍꢆꢈꢜꢇꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢦꢫ
ꢥꢂꢆꢌꢉꢮꢏꢫ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢦꢫꢋꢌꢠꢉꢅꢉꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢉꢈ ꢔꢊꢃꢃꢈꢊꢆꢀꢁꢕꢃꢉꢅ
ꢃꢉꢆꢉꢋꢄꢅꢊꢉꢤ ꣂꢤ ꢓꢄꢆꢜꢅꢊꢉꢅꢎꢞꢌꢤ 1997ꢐ ꢥꢣꢠꢐ ꢦꢻꢀꢦꢸꢤ
ꢀꢩꢤ ꢣꢄꢨꢄꢢꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢙꢤꢽ ꢁꢉꢟꢉ€ꢐ ꢓꢤ ꢲ€ꢂꢞꢆꢉꢊ ꢔꢠꢄꢆꢍꢈꢜꢇꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢕꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢩꢫꢥꢂꢆꢌꢉꢮꢏꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢉꢈ ꢔꢊꢃꢃꢈꢊꢆꢀꢁꢕꢃꢉꢅ ꢃꢉꢆꢉꢋꢄꢅꢊꢉꢤ
ꣂꢤ ꢓꢄꢆꢜꢅꢊꢉꢅꢎꢞꢌꢤ 1995ꢐ ꢥꢨꢠꢐ ꢚꢩꢛꢀꢚꢩꢦꢤ
ꢀꢦꢤ ꢔꢠꢄꢎꢎꢐ ꣃꢤꢽ ꢔꢉꢌꢠꢇꢄꢈꢈꢐ ꢝꢤꢽ ꢵꢉꢯꢖꢄꢆꢠꢍꢐ ꢰꢤ ꢓꢫꢙꢄꢠꢍꢞꢏꢠꢍꢟꢂꢈꢂꢌꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢎ
ꣁꢂꢅꢎꢄꢆꢍꢠꢂ ꢣꢅꢍꢟꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢡꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢁꢍꢉꢮꢉꢒꢄꢈꢄꢟꢍꢜꢇꢬꣁꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢤ
꣄ꢤ ꢪꢈꢉꢅꢖꢤ ꢕꢍꢉꢞꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢔꢢꢢꢢꢐ ꢦꢨꢐ ꢀꢸꢀꢀꢀꢸꢩꢤ
ꢀꢻꢤ ꢷꢜꢅꢎꢉꢏꢐ ꢝꢤꢽ ꢣꢂꢅꢯꢍꢉꢖꢠꢜꢐ ꢓꢤꢽ ꢧꢆꢜꢢꢐ ꢷꢤ ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢓꢂꢱ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢫ
ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢉꢈꢂꢎꢐ ꢣꢌꢍꢉꢎꢂꢇꢍꢞꢄꢅꢨꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢣꢌꢍꢄꢯꢄꢉꢠꢍꢟꢍꢈꢉꢈꢂꢎ ꢄꢎ ꢔꢉꢎꢎꢍꢨꢠꢂ
ꢝꢈꢆꢍꢇꢍꢞꢅꢉꢨꢍꢄꢠꢎꢤ ꢲꢜꢅꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢥꢂꢟꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1997ꢐ ꢩꢣꢐ ꢚꢻꢩꢀꢚꢻꢚꢤ
ꢀꢘꢤ ꢔꢅꢄꢆꢆꢐ ꢙꢤꢝꢤꢽ ꢷꢉꢨꢠꢂꢐ ꢥꢤꢔꢤꢽ ꢥꢜꢠꢒꢄꢈꢂꢏꢐ ꢥꢤ꣄ꢤꢽ ꣃꢜꢆꢎꢐ ꢷꢤꢥꢤ ꢁꢍꢄꢠꢢꢏꢠꢌꢏꢫ
ꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢁꢍꢅꢂꢞꢆꢂꢟ ꢧꢅꢆꢌꢉꢇꢂꢆꢄꢠꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎꢤ ꢣꢂꢆꢅꢄꢌꢂꢟꢅꢉꢈ ꢡꢂꢆꢆꢂꢅꢎ ꢔꢢꢢꢢꢐ ꢧꢢꢐ
ꢩꢻꢻꢼꢀꢩꢻꢘꢛꢤ
ꢀꢚꢤ ꢁꢄꢒꢍꢟꢐ ꢡꢤꢽ ꢶꢜꢎꢜꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢋꢉꢯꢄꢅꢐ ꢧꢤꢽ ꢶꢜꢎꢜꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꢣꢉꢟꢍꢞꢄꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢕꢄꢠꢄꢈꢐ ꢋꢤ
ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢎꢞꢉꢃꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢥꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢪꢈꢒꢂꢎꢆꢍꢖꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢎꢉꢇꢂ ꢣꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢥꢂꢆꢄꢠ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢓꢫꢦꢫꢥꢂꢆꢌꢉꢮꢏꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢠꢫꢓꢫꢦꢫꢞꢌꢠꢉꢅꢉꢨꢂꢈꢯꢉꢏꢠ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎ
ꢄꢎ ꢡꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢥꢉꢠꢤ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢤ 1999ꢐ ꢧꢦꢣꢀꢧꢦꢩꢐ ꢀꢦꢸꢀꢀꢻꢛꢤ
ꢀꢸꢤ ꢙꢌꢜꢠꢖꢍꢈꢐ ꣁꢤꢾꢤꢽ ꢙꢍꢇꢉꢈꢉꢒꢐ ꢵꢤꢝꢤ ꢧꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢔꢅꢉꢨꢠꢂꢇ ꢉꢊ ꢥꢉꢈꢉꢟꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢋꢉꢫ
ꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢄꢅꢨꢉꢮꢏꢠꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢍꢟ ꢰꢏꢟꢅꢄꢯꢍꢟꢂꢎꢤ ꢶꢜꢎꢎꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢋꢉꢉꢅꢟꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ
1997ꢐ ꢣꢩ ꢬꢀꢀꢭꢐ ꢸꢗꢼꢀꢸꢀꢘꢽ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢝꢨꢎꢆꢅꢤ 1998ꢐ ꢢꢣꢦꢐ ꢘꢼꢼꢦꢘꢎꢤ
ꢀꢼꢤ ꢕꢄꢎꢎꢂꢆꢆꢐ ꣄ꢤꢽ ꢁꢂꢈꢈꢂꢏꢐ ꢶꢤꢋꢤꢽ ꣄ꢂ€ꢂꢅꢏꢐ ꢷꢤꢰꢤꢽ ꢥꢂꢈꢟꢌꢄꢇꢐ ꣄ꢤ ꢲꢟꢎꢤ ꢪꢀꢞꢉꢖ'ꢅ
ꢓꢉꢍꢇꢙꢀꢀꢫ ꢀꢛ Qꢗꢊꢚꢇꢄꢇꢊꢇꢄꢋꢉ ꢬꢚꢀꢆꢞꢊꢚꢄꢃ ꢟꢚꢊꢖꢕꢅꢄꢅꢽ ꢡꢉꢈꢖꢇꢄꢈ ꢙꢞꢍꢂꢈꢆꢍ®ꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢣꢂꢞꢌꢈꢍꢞꢄꢠꢳ ꢡꢉꢈꢟꢉꢈꢐ ꢀꢼꢸꢘꢽ ꢩꢀꢘꢀꢩꢛꢛꢤ
ꢛꢗꢤ ꢙꢌꢂꢠꢟꢅꢍꢞꢢꢐ ꢷꢤꢥꢤ ꢙꢰꢲꢡXꢡ ꢼꢚꢐ ꢔꢅꢉꢖꢅꢄꢇ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢶꢂ®ꢈꢂꢫ
ꢇꢂꢈꢆꢐ ꢑꢈꢍꢒꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢷꢉꢆꢆꢍꢈꢖꢂꢈꢐ ꢷꢂꢅꢇꢄꢈꢏꢐ ꢀꢼꢼꢚꢤ

816
ꢌꢈUꢂꢌꢋꢇ, ꢇꢈꢅꢌꢁꢅ, ꢇꢂꢈ Wꢌꢌꢈꢀ
ꢛꢀꢤ ꢬꢚꢇꢉꢆꢚꢊꢇꢄꢀꢚꢊꢖ ꢓꢊꢙꢖꢉꢅ ꢛꢀꢆ Xꢏꢆꢊꢕ ꢠꢆꢕꢅꢇꢊꢖꢖꢀꢞꢆꢊꢂꢈꢕꢽ ꢿꢏꢈꢉꢞꢌ ꢔꢅꢂꢎꢎꢳ ꢕꢍꢅꢫ
ꢇꢍꢈꢖꢌꢄꢇꢐ ꢀꢼꢚꢦꢽ ꣁꢉꢠꢤ ꢋꢤ
ꢛꢛꢤ ꢙꢍꢠꢒꢂꢅꢎꢆꢂꢍꢈꢐ ꢶꢤꢥꢤꢽ ꣃꢂꢨꢎꢆꢂꢅꢐ ꢾꢤXꢤ ꢔꢂꢉꢃꢇꢆꢀꢁꢉꢇꢆꢄꢃ ꢬꢑꢉꢚꢇꢄ®ꢃꢊꢇꢄꢀꢚ ꢀꢛ ꢒꢆꢏ
ꢞꢊꢚꢄꢃ ꢠꢀꢁꢂꢀꢗꢚꢑꢅꢽ ꢘꢆꢌ ꢲꢟꢈꢤꢽ ꣄ꢉꢌꢈ ꣃꢍꢠꢂꢏ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢙꢉꢈꢎ ꢪꢈꢞꢤꢐ ꢀꢼꢼꢸꢽ ꢚꢩꢀꢀꢗꢼꢤ
ꢛꢩꢤ ꢡꢂꢒꢂꢅꢐ ꢝꢤꢕꢤꢔꢤ ꢬꢚꢀꢆꢞꢊꢚꢄꢃ ꢭꢖꢉꢃꢇꢆꢀꢚꢄꢃ ꢔꢂꢉꢃꢇꢆꢀꢅꢃꢀꢂꢕꢽ ꢦꢆꢌ ꢲꢟꢈꢤꢽ ꢲꢠꢎꢂꢒꢍꢂꢅꢳ
ꢡꢉꢈꢟꢉꢈꢐ ꢀꢼꢸꢘꢽ ꢦꢸꢀꢀꢻꢚꢼꢤ
ꢛꢦꢤ ꢷꢅꢂꢂꢈꢱꢉꢉꢟꢐ ꢓꢤꢓꢤꢽ ꢲꢄꢅꢈꢎꢌꢄꢱꢐ ꢝꢤ ꢠꢈꢉꢁꢄꢅꢇꢆꢕ ꢀꢛ ꢇꢈꢉ ꢭꢖꢉꢁꢉꢚꢇꢅꢽ ꢛꢈꢟ ꢲꢟꢈꢤꢽ
ꢕꢜꢆꢆꢂꢅꢱꢉꢅꢆꢌꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢰꢂꢍꢈꢂꢇꢄꢈꢈꢐ ꢀꢼꢼꢚꢽ ꢀꢀꢼꢩꢤ
ꢛꢻꢤ ꢥꢍꢢꢠꢉꢎꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꢙꢂꢖꢠ'ꢄꢐ ꢔꢤꢽ ꢔꢄꢠꢍꢞꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢿꢉꢃꢞꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢥꢂꢠꢈꢍꢢꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ
ꣁꢄꢠꢢꢉꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢷꢠꢉꢱꢍꢄꢢꢐ ꢣꢤꢽ ꢿꢉꢅꢄꢨꢍꢢꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢥꢅꢉꢯꢍꢈꢎꢢꢍꢐ ꣄ꢤ ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢫ
ꢆꢅꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢥꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢔꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎꢐ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭꢫ
ꢥꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢈꢍꢞꢉꢆꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂ ꢝꢟꢟꢜꢞꢆꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢋꢌꢂꢠꢄꢆꢍꢈꢖ ꢡꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎꢤ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢌꢂꢟꢅꢉꢈ ꢔꢢꢢ1ꢐ
ꢣꢨꢐ ꢀꢸꢘꢚꢀꢀꢸꢚꢦꢤ
ꢛꢘꢤ ꢥꢂꢠꢈꢍꢢꢐ ꢥꢤꢽ ꢔꢉꢆꢉꢞꢈꢄꢢꢐ ꢪꢤꢽ ꢥꢄꢞꢄꢎꢢꢉꢒꢄꢐ ꢡꢤꢽ ꢥꢍꢢꢠꢉꢎꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꢰꢉꢠꢠꢉꢱꢄꢏꢐ ꢋꢤꢲꢤ
ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢄꢠ ꢙꢆꢜꢟꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢾꢠꢜꢊꢂꢈꢄꢇꢄꢆꢂꢎꢳ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢥꢉꢠꢂꢞꢜꢠꢄꢅ
ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢕꢍꢎꢬ¯ꢜꢊꢂꢈꢄꢇꢄꢆꢉꢭꢟꢍꢬꢓꢐꢓꢫꢟꢍꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢈꢍꢞꢉꢆꢍꢈꢄꢇꢍꢟꢂꢭꢟꢍꢬꢄꢺꢜꢄꢭꢫ
ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭꢤ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢌꢂꢟꢅꢉꢈ 1996ꢐ ꢢꢥꢐ ꢛꢀꢻꢼꢀꢛꢀꢘꢦꢤ
ꢛꢚꢤ ꢝꢨꢜꢌꢍꣀꢠꢂꢌꢐ ꢝꢤꢡꢤ ꢥꢉꢈꢉꢈꢜꢞꢠꢂꢄꢅ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢕꢍꢈꢜꢞꢠꢂꢄꢅ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢝꢈꢆꢍꢫꢍꢈ¯ꢄꢇꢇꢄꢆꢉꢅꢏ ꢁꢅꢜꢖ ꢪꢨꢜꢃꢅꢉꢊꢂꢈꢳ ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢋꢌꢄꢅꢄꢞꢆꢂꢅꢍꢯꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢐ
ꢄꢈꢟ ꢋꢄꢆꢂꢞꢌꢉꢠꢄꢎꢂꢫꢥꢍꢇꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢝꢞꢆꢍꢒꢍꢆꢏꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢪꢈꢉꢅꢖꢤ ꢕꢍꢉꢞꢌꢂꢇꢤ 1994ꢐ ꢥꢥꢐ
ꢛꢻꢻꢀꢛꢘꢛꢤ
ꢛꢸꢤ ꢷꢉꢅꢨꢂꢈꢢꢉꢐ ꢧꢤꢵꢤꢽ ꢣꢅꢉꢏꢄꢈꢉꢒꢐ ꢙꢤꢪꢤꢽ ꢥꢂꢂꢆꢎꢇꢄꢐ ꢝꢤꢽ ꢕꢉꢎꢄꢢꢐ ꢝꢤꢝꢤ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ
ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢔꢍꢒꢄꢠꢉꢏꢠꢆꢅꢍ¯ꢜꢉꢅꢉꢄꢞꢂꢆꢉꢈꢂ ꢝꢟꢟꢜꢞꢆꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢉꢫ
ꢔꢌꢂꢈꢫꢄꢈꢆꢌꢅꢉꢠꢍꢈꢂ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢛꢐꢛꢍꢫꢁꢍꢃꢏꢅꢍꢟꢏꢠꢤ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢌꢂꢟꢅꢉꢈ 1997ꢐ ꢢꢤꢐ
ꢀꢼꢼꢼꢀꢛꢗꢗꢦꢤ
ꢛꢼꢤ ꢥꢜꢅꢄꢢꢄꢇꢍꢐ ꢣꢤꢽ ꢣꢄꢢꢂꢍꢐ ꢣꢤꢽ ꢪꢎꢌꢍꢢꢄꢱꢄꢐ ꢵꢤ ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢎꢞꢉꢃꢍꢞ ꢔꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢟ
ꢲꢠꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢞ ꢙꢆꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢾꢍꢒꢂꢫꢞꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢂ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢡꢍꢈꢫ
ꢂꢄꢅ ꢔꢂꢈꢆꢄꢟꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢡꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢎ ꢞꢉꢈꢆꢄꢍꢈꢍꢈꢖ ꢣꢱꢉ ꢝꢇꢍꢟꢂ ꢷꢅꢉꢜꢃꢎꢤ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢌꢂꢟꢅꢉꢈ
1997ꢐ ꢢꢤꢐ ꢸꢼꢀꢼꢩꢤ
ꢩꢗꢤ ꢷꢉꢌꢂꢅꢐ ꢥꢤꢝꢤꢙꢤꢽ ꢲꢎꢞꢜꢂꢅꢐ ꢝꢤꢽ ꢝꢨꢜꢫꢵꢉꢜꢎꢎꢂꢊꢐ ꢥꢤꢝꢤꢥꢤꢽ ꢥꢄꢜꢆꢈꢂꢅꢐ ꢾꢤꢝꢤ
ꢙꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢂꢎꢐ Xꢫꢅꢄꢏ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂꢎꢐ ꢙꢃꢂꢞꢆꢅꢉꢎꢞꢉꢃꢍꢞ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢥꢄꢖꢈꢂꢆꢍꢞ ꢙꢆꢜꢟꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ
ꢣꢱꢉ ꢓꢂꢱ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢇꢂꢅꢍꢞ ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭ ꢝꢯꢍꢟꢂ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢠꢂꢮꢂꢎꢽ [ꢋꢜꢬꢩꢫꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢃꢏꢅꢫ
ꢍꢟꢍꢈꢂꢭꢛꢬꢓꢩꢭꢛ]ꢈ] ꢄꢈꢟ [ꢋꢜꢬꢦꢫꢂꢆꢌꢏꢠꢃꢏꢅꢍꢟꢍꢈꢂꢭꢛꢬꢓꢩꢭꢛ]ꢈ]ꢤ ꢔꢉꢠꢏꢌꢂꢟꢅꢉꢈ 1998ꢐ
ꢣꢩꢀꢣꢧꢐ ꢦꢛꢘꢻꢀꢦꢛꢚꢩꢤ
ꢩꢀꢤ ꢕꢄꢢꢂꢅꢐ ꢲꢤꢓꢤꢽ ꢰꢄꢠꢠꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꣃꢄꢆꢂꢅꢎꢐ ꢣꢤꢓꢤ ꢋꢉꢈꢊꢉꢅꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢄꢠ ꢪꢈ¯ꢜꢂꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ
ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢋꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎꢤ ꢪꢪꢪꢳ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢃꢫꢓꢍꢆꢅꢉꢃꢌꢂꢈꢉꢠ ꢝꢟꢟꢜꢞꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢓꢐ ꢓꢫꢀꢫꢲꢆꢌꢏꢠꢂꢈꢂꢨꢍꢎꢬꢎꢄꢠꢍꢞꢏꢠꢍꢟꢂꢈꢂꢍꢇꢍꢈꢄꢆꢉꢭꢫ
ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢙꢉꢞꢤ ꢬꢝꢭ 197ꢢꢐ ꢦꢗꢗꢀꢦꢗꢻꢤ

ꢊꢌꢍꢍꢅꢉꢎꢆꢆꢏ ꢊꢌꢐꢍꢋꢅXꢅꢀ
817
ꢩꢛꢤ ꢕꢄꢢꢂꢅꢐ ꢲꢤꢓꢤꢽ ꢰꢄꢠꢠꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꣃꢄꢆꢂꢅꢎꢐ ꢣꢤꢓꢤ ꢋꢉꢈꢊꢉꢅꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢄꢠ ꢪꢈ¯ꢜꢂꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ
ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢋꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎꢤ ꢪꣁꢳ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢋꢌꢠꢉꢅꢉꢊꢉꢅꢇ ꢝꢟꢟꢜꢞꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢓꢐ ꢓꢫꢀꢫꢲꢆꢌꢏꢠꢂꢈꢂꢨꢍꢎꢬꢎꢄꢠꢍꢞꢏꢠꢍꢟꢂꢈꢂꢍꢇꢍꢈꢄꢆꢉꢭꢫ
ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅꢬꢪꢪꢭꢤ ꣄ꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢙꢉꢞꢤ ꢬꢝꢭ 197ꢢꢐ ꢦꢗꢘꢀꢦꢗꢼꢤ
ꢩꢩꢤ ꢰꢄꢠꢠꢐ ꢁꢤꢽ ꣃꢄꢆꢂꢅꢎꢐ ꢣꢤꢓꢤꢽ ꣃꢅꢍꢖꢌꢆꢐ ꢔꢤꢲꢤ ꢋꢉꢈꢊꢉꢅꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢄꢠ ꢪꢈ¯ꢜꢂꢈꢞꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ
ꢋꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢋꢉꢉꢅꢟꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢜꢈꢟꢎꢤ ꣁꢳ ꢋꢅꢏꢎꢆꢄꢠ ꢄꢈꢟ ꢥꢉꢠꢂꢞꢜꢠꢄꢅ ꢙꢆꢅꢜꢞꢆꢜꢅꢂ
ꢉꢊ {ꢀꢐꢛꢫꢨꢍꢎꢫ[ꢬꢛꢫꢝꢇꢍꢈꢉꢨꢂꢈꢯꢏꢠꢍꢟꢂꢈꢂꢭꢫꢄꢇꢍꢈꢉ]ꢃꢅꢉꢃꢄꢈꢄꢆꢉꢬꢛꢫꢭ}ꢞꢉꢃꢃꢂꢅ ꢬꢪꢪꢭꢤ
꣄ꢤ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢤ ꢙꢉꢞꢤ ꢁꢄꢠꢆꢉꢈ ꢣꢅꢄꢈꢎꢤ 1973ꢐ ꢀꢻꢗꢸꢀꢀꢻꢀꢛꢤ
ꢩꢦꢤ ꢕꢅꢂꢱꢂꢅꢐ ꢷꢤꢽ ꣄ꢄꢎꢍꢈꢎꢢꢍꢐ ꣄ꢤꢽ ꢥꢄꢌꢄꢈꢏꢐ ꣃꢤꢽ ꢥꢄꢏꢐ ꢡꢤꢽ ꢔꢅꢏꢆꢢꢉꢒꢐ ꢙꢤ ꢙꢃꢍꢈ
ꢋꢅꢉꢎꢎꢉꢒꢂꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢪꢅꢉꢈꢬꢪꢪꢪꢭ ꢱꢍꢆꢌ ꢄꢈ ꢓꢦ ꢣꢂꢆꢅꢄꢟꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢂ ꢙꢞꢌꢍ€ ꢕꢄꢎꢂ ꢡꢍꢖꢄꢈꢟꢤ
ꢪꢈꢉꢅꢖꢤ ꢋꢌꢍꢇꢤ ꢝꢞꢆꢄ 1995ꢐ ꢀꢸꢩꢀꢀꢸꢚꢤ
ꢶꢂꢞꢂꢍꢒꢂꢟ ꢓꢉꢒꢂꢇꢨꢂꢅ ꢀꢩꢐ ꢛꢗꢗꢀ
ꢝꢞꢞꢂꢃꢆꢂꢟ ꢾꢂꢨꢅꢜꢄꢅꢏ ꢛꢀꢐ ꢛꢗꢗꢛ
ꢶꢂꢊꢂꢅꢂꢂ ꢪꢳ ꢶꢤ ꢁꢤ ꢔꢍꢢꢂ
ꢶꢂꢊꢂꢅꢂꢂ ꢪꢪꢳ ꢶꢤ ꢾꢤ ꢋꢜꢈꢍꢞꢉ