B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones with Ammonia Borane

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.8b01362

The first example of metal-free B(C₆F₅)₃-catalyzed asymmetric reduction amination of ketones with chiral α-methylbenzylamine (α-MBA) using ammonia borane as the reductant is reported. This one-pot method has a broad substrate scope and provides various chiral amines in 81-95% yield with 80-99% de. This protocol was further applied in the total synthesis of cinacalcet.

Full text of DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.8b01362

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Article
B(C6F5)3–Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive
Amination of Ketones with Ammonia Borane
Zhentao Pan, Leixin Shen, Dingguo Song, Zhen Xie, Fei Ling, and Weihui Zhong
J. Org. Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • Publication Date (Web): 29 Aug 2018
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B(C6F5)3–Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones with Ammonia
Borane
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Zhentao Pan, Leixin Shen, Dingguo Song, Zhen Xie, Fei Ling and Weihui Zhong *
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Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic
of China
ABSTRACT: The first example of metal–free B(C6F5)3–catalyzed asymmetric reduction amination of ketones
with chiral αꢀmethylbenzylamine (αꢀMBA) using ammonia borane as the reductant is reported. This one–pot
method has a broad substrate scope and provides various chiral amines in 81–95 % yield with 80–99 % de.
This protocol was further applied in the total synthesis of cinacalcet.
INTRODUCTION:
Chiral amines are at the central stage of the biologically relevant molecules, which include natural products,
drugs and agrochemicals.1 Various asymmetric synthetic methods have been developed to meet the
increasing demand for enantiomerically pure amines. Asymmetric reductive amination using (S)ꢀ or
(R)ꢀαꢀmethylbenzylamine (αꢀMBA) as the chiral auxiliary represents a powerful and widely studied method.2
Particularly, the metal–catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination (Scheme 1a), exhibits high reactivity and
diastereoselectivitiy.3 Despite its unarguable efficiency, the use of metal catalysts and stoichiometric Lewis
acids limited its further application in pharmaceuticals.4 As a consequence, there is a continued effort to
develop practical strategies to access chiral amines in a metal–free fashion.
B(C6F5)3, reported in 1964,5 reꢀemerged as a paradigm for small molecule activation in the past decade,
especially as a component in frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) chemistry.6 Moreover, B(C6F5)3 has been
successfully employed in various transformations.7 One of the research hotspots is the borane–catalyzed
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reductive amination. Using silanes as the hydride sources, Ingleson and co–workers disclosed an elegant
reductive amination method promoted by water tolerant boranes (Scheme 1b).8 Recently, Chang and co–
workers reported a B(C6F5)3–catalyzed reductive amination/hydrosilylation cascade of α,βꢀunsaturated
aldehydes (Scheme 1c).9 Alternatively, employing hydrogen as the reductant, Soós and co–workers developed
a boron/nitrogen centered frustrated Lewis pair for the reductive amination of carbonyls (Scheme 1d).10
Despite their great success that have been achieved, B(C6F5)3–catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination still
remains an unexploited field.
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Scheme 1. Reductive Amination of Carbonyls
The greatest challenge for metal–free asymmetric reductive amination is to control the diastereoselectivity well
in the step of imine–reduction. In 2011, Stephan and co–workers reported a B(C6F5)3–catalyzed
diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of imines using hydrogen as the reductant.7a Hydrogenation of imine
o
1'aa with 10 mol % B(C6F5)3 at 80 C afforded product 3aa in 72% conversion with 36% de (Scheme 2a,
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condition 1).7a When lowing the reaction temperature from 80 oC to 50 C, an increased diastereoselectivity
was observed, albeit in lower conversion (Scheme 2a, condition 2, 43% conv., 51% de). These results indicate
that the decrease of reaction temperature could effectively suppress the transꢀtoꢀcis imine isomerization of
intermediate A, but inhibit the reaction reactivity in turn. Subsequently, different silanes were employed as the
reductant in our laboratory. Ph3SiH, Me2PhSiH and Et3SiH all gave 3aa in high conversions (83–86% conv.)
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within 2–6 h at 30 oC. Notably, the de of 3aa had increase (from 48% to 73% de) with the decrease of the steric
hinderance from the silane group. However, the diastereoselectivity of product was still moderate. To explain
this phenomenon, we speculated that the steric bulk of silane group minished the asymmetric bias, thus
leading to a decreased diastereoselectivity. Therefore, discovering diminutive and efficient reductants for
metal–free asymmetric reductive amination have remained elusive, but highly desirable.
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Scheme 2. Proposed Pathway of Asymmetric Reduction of Chiral Imine using Hydrogen and Silane as
the Reductant
Ammonia borane is an ideal hydrogen source due to its 19.6 wt % hydrogen capacity, low molecular weight,
readily available and easy in handling, which can provide both proton and hydride under mild conditions.15
Hence, ammonia borane is a very powerful reductant widely used for B(C6F5)3–catalyzed hydrogenations of
imines,13a pyridines,13b 2,3ꢀdisubstituted quinoxalines13c and Nꢀheterocycles.13d Based on these researches
and inspired by our previous work on FLP–catalyzed hydrogenation of imines,14 we supposed that employing
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ammonia borane might improve the diastereoselectivitiy of asymmetric reductive amination of ketones
catalyzed by B(C6F5)3.
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
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To validate our assumption, hydrogenation of imine 1'aa with 5 mol % B(C6F5)3 and 1.2 equiv. ammonia borane
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at 30 C was performed (Scheme 3). Delightfully, desired product 3aa was furnished in 95% yield with good
diastereoselectivity (81% de). Encouraged by this result, we next devoted our efforts to realize the asymmetric
reductive amination of ketones in one–pot.
Scheme 3. B(C6F5)3–Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imine using Ammonia Borane
Initially, the imine was formed by subjecting ketone 1a to (S)ꢀαꢀMBA 2a (1.2 equiv.) using B(C6F5)3 (5 mol %)
as the catalyst in toluene at 60 oC for 8h. Without separation, ammonia borane (1.2 equiv.) was added at 60 oC
and stirred for 4h. The desired product 3aa was obtained in low yield with good diastereoselectivity (37% yield,
73% de), along with the formation of 1ꢀphenylethanol (4aa) (Table 1, entry 1). We envisioned that the poor
conversion of ketone to imine might take place, owing to the inꢀsuit generation of H2O. A sharp increase on
yield was achieved by adding 4Å MS, affording the corresponding product 3aa in 93% yield with 75% de. Next,
the optimization of the imine–reduction step was operated. It was noteworthy that the diastereoselectivity of
3aa was increased to 85% when the reaction temperature was reduced from 90 oC to 0 oC (Table 1, entries 2–
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5). Further decreasing the reaction temperature to –30 C did not improve the diastereoselectivity (Table 1,
entry 6). Additionally, the reaction solvent was also examined and toluene turned out to be the best medium for
this transformation (Table 1, entries 7–9). The reaction concentration had slight influence on the
diastereoselectivity, and 0.1 M was proved to be the optimal concentration to afford the expected product 3aa
in 91% yield with 91% de (Table 1, entries 10–12). Besides, decreasing the dosage of ammonia borane to 1.0
equiv. resulted lower yield of 3aa (80% yield) (Table 1, entry 13). Satisfyingly, this process underwent smoothly
without loss of efficiency in both yield and diastereoselectivity even with the reduced catalyst loading from 5
mol % to 1 mol % (Table 1, entry 14).
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Table 1. Optimization of Reaction Conditiona
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entry
1d
2
solvent
toluene
toluene
toluene
toluene
toluene
toluene
hexane
THF
T (oC)
60
90
60
30
0
t (h)
4
conc. (M)
0.4
yield (3aa, 4a)b (%)
37, 53
de of 3aac (%)
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91, trace
93, trace
92, trace
85, 10
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ꢀ30
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0.4
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0
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CHCl3
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0.4
80, 13
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13e
14f
toluene
toluene
toluene
Toluene
Toluene
0
0.2
92, trace
91, trace
90, trace
80, trace
91, trace
0
10
12
12
12
0.1
0
0.05
0.1
0
0
0.1
aReactions were carried out with 1a (0.5 mmol), 2a (0.6 mmol), B(C6F5)3 (5 mol %), 4 Å MS (200 mg) in solvent
under an ambient atmosphere at 60 oC for 8 h, and then ammonia borane (1.2 equiv.) was added and stirred at
desired temperature. bIsolated yield based on 1a. cDetermined by GC analysis of crude product. dReaction was
performed without 4 Å MS. e1.0 equiv. of ammonia borane was used. f1 mol % of B(C6F5)3 was used.
The above initial observation prompted us to examine the effect of chiral auxiliary on the diastereoselectivity of
product. It was found that there was little correlation between electronic effect of the chiral auxiliary and the
diastereoselectivity of product (Scheme 4, 3ab and 3ac). On the contrary, the steric effect of the chiral auxiliary
had remarkably affected the de of 3, and the naphthyl group produced the 3ad with 99% de (Scheme 4, 3ad).
However, a decreased de was observed when using the 1ꢀphenylpropanꢀ1ꢀamine as the chiral auxiliary, due to
its diminished asymmetric bias (Scheme 4, 3ae). In consideration of the atom economy and easy removal of
the chiral auxiliary, αꢀMBA seemed to be the ideal one. Therefore, we next set out to determine the versatility of
this reaction system in the tandem asymmetric reductive amination of various ketones with αꢀMBA.
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Scheme 4. Effect of Chiral Auxiliary on the Diastereoselectivity of Producta,b
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aReactions were carried out with 1a (0.5 mmol), 2 (0.6 mmol), B(C6F5)3 (1 mol %), 4 Å MS (200 mg) in toluene
(5 mL) under an ambient atmosphere at 60 oC for 8 h, and then ammonia borane (1.2 equiv.) was added and
stirred at 0 oC for additional 12 h. bIsolated yield based on 1a.
This method showed a broad substrate scope and wide tolerance towards different functionalities (Scheme 5).
Both electronꢀwithdrawing and donating substituents on benzene rings were well tolerated (3aa–wa). To our
delight, the 2–benzofuran 1o and 2–acetylpyridine 1t also proceeded to afford the corresponding products 3oa
and 3ta in 91% and 90% yield, with 98% and 92% de, respectively. Significantly, an increase in
diastereoselectivity was observed when more stericꢀhindered ketones were used. For example, a methoxy
substituent at the ortho position of acetophenone (1k) resulted with a slight higher de than the para (1d) and
meta (1i) position. Moreover, excellent diastereoselectivities could be achieved when employing more steric
congested ketones 1n, 1p, and 1q. Additionally, propiophenone derivatives were compatible with this progress
to afford the desired products 3ra and 3sa in good yield and de. Subsequently, the scope of this process with
respect to dialkyl ketones was evaluated with the formation of the desired products in 81–97% yield with 80–
99% de. Notably, straight–chain ketone furnished product 3ua with relatively lower diastereoselectivity (80%
de) than sterically encumbered ketones (3va and 3wa, 99% and 98% de). It was delight that replacing
(S)ꢀαꢀMBA 2a with (R)ꢀαꢀMBA 2f for the reductive amination of 1ꢀacetonaphthone 1n led to the generation of
the expected product (R,R)ꢀ3nf in 91% yield with 99% de.
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Scheme 5. Substrate Scope of Ketonesa,b,c
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aReactions were carried out with 1 (0.5 mmol), 2a (0.6 mmol), B(C6F5)3 (1 mol %), 4 Å MS (200 mg) in toluene
(5 mL) under an ambient atmosphere at 60 oC for 8 h, and then ammonia borane (1.2 equiv.) was added and
stirred at 0 oC for additional 12 h. bIsolated yield based on 1. cDe of crude product. d(R)ꢀαꢀMBA 2f was used.
Furthermore, the methodology was applied for the total synthesis of the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet on gram
scale (Scheme 6). Firstly, the B(C6F5)3–catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination of 1n with (R)ꢀαꢀMBA 2f
afforded 3nf, which was converted to the primary amine 4nf. Subsequently, 4nf was reacted with
3ꢀ(trifluoromethyl)benzenepropanal in the presence of B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst and ammonia borane as the
reductant to afford cinacalcet (5) in 92% yield with 98% ee.
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Scheme 6. Total Synthesis of Cinacalcet
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To shed light on the details of the reaction pathway, two control experiments were designed. Adding 10 mol %
of water significantly reduced the reaction reactivity, providing 3aa in moderate yield (58%) with a slight
reduced diastereoselectivity (89% de) after 12 h (Scheme 7a). In contrast, the reaction with 4 Å molecular
sieves smoothly furnished 95% yield of 3aa with 91% de (Scheme 7b). These results indicate that the drying of
the reaction mixture by 4 Å molecular sieves is crucial to this reduction reaction.
Scheme 7. Control Experiments
Based on the above control experiments and related references8,15, a plausible catalytic pathway for the
present B(C6F5)3–catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination is depicted in Scheme 8. Initially, B(C6F5)3 could
convert to [B(C6F5)3ꢀOH][HꢀL] in the presence of L (respective imine or amine) and water derived from the
imine formation8a. Due to the drying of the reaction mixture by 4 Å molecular sieves, a critical concentration of
B(C6F5)3 is formed from [B(C6F5)3ꢀOH][HꢀL]. Subsequently, B(C6F5)3 promotes ketoneꢀamine condensation
resulted in the formation of transꢀimine B via a B———O interaction. Simultaneously, B(C6F5)3 activates ammonia
borane to generate species A with an ion–pair,15 followed by the protonation of the imine to furnish
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intermediate C. Owing to the low reduction temperature, the transꢀtoꢀcis imine isomerization of C rarely takes
place, which is the key requirement for the high diastereoselectivity of product. Finally, the borohydride attacks
at the iminium carbon from the less encumbered Reꢀface to afford product (S,S)ꢀ3aa in 91% de along with the
release of B(C6F5)3.
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Scheme 8. Plausible Catalytic Pathway
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, a B(C6F5)3ꢀcatalyzed asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with αꢀMBA and ammonia
borane has been developed to afford the chiral secondary amines in high yields with up to 99% de. This
protocol has a broad scope covering a wide range of aryl, alkyl and dialkyl ketones, and is used for the
synthesis of cinacalcet. Mechanism study on this reaction as well as those for other B(C6F5)3ꢀcatalyzed
transformations will be reported in due course.
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
General information: All starting materials and reagents were purchased from commercial sources and
used as received unless otherwise noted. Commercially available molecular sieves (4 Å) were dried in Muffle
furnace at 400 °C for 5 h before use. Reactions were monitored using thinꢀlayer chromatography(TLC) on
commercial silica gel plates. Visualization of the developed plates was performed under UV light (254nm).
Flash column chromatography was performed on silica gel. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruke Avance III
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spectrometer, operating at 600 MHz (1H) and 150 MHz (13C) respectively. Chemical shifts (δ) were reported in
parts per million (ppm) downfield from TMS (= 0) or relative to CHCl3 (7.254 ppm) for 1H NMR. For 13C NMR,
chemical shifts were reported in the scale relative to CHCl3 (77.16 ppm) as an internal reference. Multiplicities
are abbreviated as: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet; br, broad. The coupling constants are
expressed in Hz. Melting points were determined with a Büchi Bꢀ540 capillary melting point apparatus and are
uncorrected. Optical rotations were determined using a AUTOPOL V polarimeter. For amine products 3, the
diastereomeric excess measurements were obtained using a Agilent 6890N GC instrument with a Agilent HPꢀ5
column (60m*0.25mm*0.25um 19091Jꢀ436); Tinj= 300 °C and Tdet= 300 °C, and carrier gas He @ 24 psi were
always constant. Program: 100 °C (1 min), then 20 °C/min to 200 °C (hold 3 min), then 20 °C/min to 300 °C
(hold 2 min). For amine product 4nf and 5, the enantiomeric excess measurements were obtained using a
Agilent 1100 HPLC instrument with a CHIRALCEL ODꢀH column with nꢀheptane and isopropanol as eluents. A
positive ion mass spectrum of sample was acquired on a Thermo LTQꢀFT mass spectrometer with an
electrospray ionization source.
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General synthesis of Secondary Amine 3aa–wa and 3nf. A solution of ketone 1 (0.5 mmol), (S)ꢀαꢀMBA
((R)ꢀαꢀMBA for 3nf) (0.6 mmol), B(C6F5)3 (0.005 mmol), and 4 Å MS (4 wt equiv.) were dissolved in toluene (5
mL) under an ambient atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 60 oC for 8 h followed by addition of ammonia
borane (0.6 mmol), and was stirred for another 12 h at 0 °C. Then the reaction mixture was filtered through a
bed of celite and the celite subsequently washed with EtOAc (3 x 5 mL). The filtrate was dried (Na2SO4), and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product 3 (this material is used to determine the de by GC). The
diastereomeric yield was determined after silica gel flash chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). Further careful
flash chromatography of the diastereomeric mixture was underwent to gain the pure (S,S) diastereomers 3aa–
wa and (R,R) diastereomer 3nf.
Bis((S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylethyl)amine (3aa): Colorless viscous liquid, 90% yield, 101.7 mg; 91% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ94.0 (c =
0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)): retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3aa
isomer, 9.4; minor (R,S)ꢀ3aa isomer, 9.6. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3aa matches that reported in the literature.16
1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.55–6.69 (m, 10H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 1.18 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ
145.8 (2C), 128.4 (4C), 126.8 (2C), 126.7 (4C), 55.1 (2C), 25.0 (2C). MS (ESI) m/z: 226.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(4ꢀ(methyl)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ba): Colorless viscous liquid, 83% yield, 99.6
20
mg; 91% de. [α]D = ꢀ84.8 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ba isomer, 11.1; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ba isomer, 11.2. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ba
matches that reported in the literature.17 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.19–7.12 (m,
3H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.18 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (150
MHz, CDCl3) δ 145.8, 142.7, 136.5, 129.1 (2C), 128.4 (2C), 126.8, 126.7 (2C), 126.6 (2C), 55.1, 54.8, 25.0
(2C), 21.1. MS (ESI) m/z: 240.2 [M+H]+.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀ(4ꢀisopropylphenyl)ꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ca): Colorless viscous liquid, 87% yield,
116.1 mg; 93% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ72.0 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ca isomer, 11.7; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ca isomer, 11.9. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ
7.25 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (q, J =
6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (dt, J = 13.8, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (dd, J = 11.2, 6.6 Hz, 12H). 13C NMR
(150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 147.3, 128.3 (2C), 126.7 (4C), 126.5 (3C), 126.3 (2C), 55.1, 54.8, 33.7, 24.8 (2C), 24.0
(2C). HRMS (ESI) m/z: calculated for C19H25N 267.1987 [M+H] +, found 267.1988.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(4ꢀ(methoxyl)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3da): Colorless viscous liquid, 90% yield,
115.3 mg; 93% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ50.8 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3da isomer, 9.6; minor (R,S)ꢀ3da isomer, 9.7. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3da
matches that reported in the literature.18 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.2
Hz, 3H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 6H); 13C NMR
(150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.5, 128.4 (4C), 127.8 (2C), 126.9, 126.7 (2C),113.8 (2C), 55.3, 55.1, 54.5, 24.9, 24.9.
MS (ESI) m/z: 256.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(4ꢀ(fluoro)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ea): Colorless viscous liquid, 81% yield, 98.8
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mg; 89% de. [α]D = ꢀ201.6 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ea isomer, 11.1; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ea isomer, 11.2. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ea
matches that reported in the literature.18 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32–7.28 (m,
1H), 7.26–7.21 (m, 4H), 7.09–7.02 (m, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 1.32 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.30 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13
C
NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 161.7 (d, J = 242.6 Hz, 1C), 143.5, 141.4, 128.4 (2C), 128.1 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2C),
126.6 (2C), 126.5, 115.2, 115.1, 55.1, 54.4, 25.1, 24.9. MS (ESI) m/z: 244.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(4ꢀ(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3fa): Colorless viscous liquid, 92%
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yield, 135.2 mg; 90% de. [α]D = ꢀ42.4 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general
method)): retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3fa isomer, 9.2; minor (R,S)ꢀ3fa isomer, 9.4. The NMR data of
(S,S)ꢀ3fa matches that reported in the literature.17 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.51 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31–
7.26 (m, 4H), 7.21–7.17 (m, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.21
(m, 6H);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 150.1, 145.4, 128.5 (5C), 127.0 (2C), 126.5 (2C), 125.4 (2C), 55.3, 54.8,
24.9 (2C). MS (ESI) m/z: 294.3 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(4ꢀ(nitro)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ga): Colorless viscous liquid, 85% yield, 115.2
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mg; 88% de. [α]D = ꢀ75.6 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ga isomer, 13.0; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ga isomer, 13.1. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ga
matches that reported in the literature.17 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.11 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4
Hz, 2H), 7.26 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.22–7.16 (m, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (q, J
= 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.22 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 153.9, 147.1, 145.1 (2C), 128.6 (2C), 127.5 (2C),
127.1, 126.4 (2C), 123.8 (2C), 55.5, 54.8, 24.8 (2C). MS (ESI) m/z: 271.1 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(3ꢀ(methyl)phenyl) ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ha): Colorless viscous liquid, 81% yield,
96.0 mg; 86% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ70.0 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
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retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ha isomer, 10.2; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ha isomer, 10.4. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ha
matches that reported in the literature.17 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.17–7.12 (m,
4H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (q, J = 6.6 Hz,
1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.19 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 145.7 (2C), 137.9, 128.4 (2C), 128.2, 127.6,
127.3, 126.8, 126.7 (2C), 123.7, 55.1, 55.1, 25.0, 24.9, 21.5. MS (ESI) m/z: 240.2 [M+H]+.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(3ꢀ(methoxyl)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ia): Colorless viscous liquid, 95% yield,
121.6 mg; 91% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ37.2 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ia isomer, 11.6; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ia isomer, 11.8. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ia
matches that reported in the literature.17 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.19–7.11 (m,
4H), 6.75–6.67 (m, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.45 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (s, 6H); 13C NMR
(150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.7, 129.4 (2C), 128.4 (2C), 126.8, 126.7, 126.6, 119.1, 112.3 (2C), 112.1, 55.2, 55.1
(2C), 29.7, 24.9. MS (ESI) m/z: 256.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2ꢀ(fluoro)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ja): Colorless viscous liquid, 95% yield, 116.0
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mg; 92% de. [α]D = ꢀ310.4 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ja isomer, 8.2; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ja isomer, 8.4. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ja
matches that reported in the literature.19 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.34–7.24 (m,
5H), 7.17 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.11–7.01 (m, 1H), 3.70–3.67 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (d,
J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 161.11 (d, J = 243.8 Hz, 1C), 145.6,
132.4 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1C), 128.4 (2C), 128.4, 128.09 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1C), 126.9, 126.8 (2C), 124.2 (d, J = 3.3
Hz, 1C), 115.6 (d, J = 22.3 Hz, 1C), 55.5, 50.1 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1C), 25.1, 23.4. MS (ESI) m/z: 244.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2ꢀ(methoxyl)phenyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ka): Colorless viscous liquid, 93% yield,
119.1 mg; 95% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ52.4 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ka isomer, 10.1; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ka isomer, 10.3. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ka
matches that reported in the literature.19 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.40–7.32 (m, 2H), 7.32–7.23 (m, 4H),
7.21–7.14 (m, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J = 10.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 6H); 13
C
NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 157.5, 145.5, 132.8, 128.3 (2C), 128.1, 127.7, 127.0 (2C), 126.8, 120.7, 110.8, 55.5,
55.2, 51.7, 25.0, 22.7. MS (ESI) m/z: 256.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2,4ꢀdimethylphenyl)ꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3la): Colorless viscous liquid, 88% yield,
119.1 mg; 93% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ62.4 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3la isomer, 11.0; minor (R,S)ꢀ3la isomer, 11.4. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ
7.28 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J = 10.2, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.16–7.11 (m, 1H), 7.11–7.06 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.7
Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.66 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.83 (s, 3H), 1.23 (d, J =
6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 145.6, 140.3, 135.7, 135.3, 131.1, 128.4,
127.1, 126.8 (2C), 126.7, 126.7, 125.0, 55.1, 50.1, 24.7, 24.1, 21.0, 18.8. HRMS (ESI) m/z: calculated for
C18H23N 253.1830 [M+H] +, found 253.1833.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2,4ꢀdifluorophenyl)ꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ma): Colorless viscous liquid, 91% yield,
118.8 mg; 90% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ387.2 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
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retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ma isomer, 8.9; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ma isomer, 9.1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
7.38 (dd, J = 11.2, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 7.32 – 7.25 (m, 2H), 6.94 – 6.86 (m, 1H), 6.84 – 6.77 (m, 1H), 3.81 (q, J = 6.8
Hz, 1H), 3.55 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (s, 1H), 1.33 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.5 (dd, J = 78.8,
12.0 Hz), 160.0 (dd, J = 79.9, 12.0 Hz), 145.3, 129.1 (dd, J = 9.4, 7.1 Hz)., 128.4 (2C), 128.1 (dd, J = 13.2, 3.6
Hz), 126.9, 126.6 (2C), 111.1 (dd, J = 20.4, 3.6 Hz), 103.8 (dd, J = 26.4, 25.2 Hz), 55.4, 49.4 (d, J = 1.2 Hz),
24.9, 23.4. HRMS (ESI) m/z: calculated for C16H17F2N 261.1329 [M+H] +, found 261.1328.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(naphthalenꢀ1ꢀyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3na): White solid, m.p.: 85.8 – 86.9 C, 90%
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yield, 124.2 mg; 99% de. [α]D = ꢀ58.8 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general
method)): retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3na isomer, 13.9; minor (R,S)ꢀ3na isomer, 14.1. The NMR data of
(S,S)ꢀ3na matches that reported in the literature.20 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.95–7.90 (m,
1H), 7.86–7.81 (m, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.62–7.56 (m, 1H), 7.51 (t, J = 6.6, 1H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.33–
7.29 (m, 1H), 7.26–7.19 (m, 2H), 4.44 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.45 (d, J = 6.0
Hz, 3H), 1.41 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 146.0, 141.7, 134.0, 131.5, 128.8, 128.4 (2C),
127.1, 126.8, 126.7 (2C), 125.7, 125.5, 125.3, 123.1, 122.8, 55.4, 50.8, 24.8, 24.7. MS (ESI) m/z: 276.2
[M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2,3ꢀdihydrobenzofuranꢀ2ꢀyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3oa): White solid, mp 92.6–93.9 oC,
91% yield, 121 mg; 98% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ294.0 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general
method)): retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3oa isomer, 11.9; minor (R,S)ꢀ3oa isomer, 12.0. 1H NMR (600 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 7.48–7.40 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dt, J = 14.4, 7.2 Hz, 4H), 7.20–7.08 (m, 3H), 6.30 (s,
1H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 160.6, 154.8,
145.4, 128.5 (2C), 128.4, 127.0, 126.9 (2C), 123.6, 122.6, 120.7, 111.2, 102.7, 55.5, 49.2, 25.2, 21.5. HRMS
(ESI) m/z: calculated for C18H20NO 266.1539 [M+H] +, found 266.1539.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(9Hꢀfluorenꢀ2ꢀyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3pa): white solid, mp 166.3–168.1 oC, 93%
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yield, 146.1 mg; >99% de. [α]D = ꢀ76.8 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general
method)): retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3pa isomer, 16.4. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz,
1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20–7.13 (m, 9H), 3.82 (s, 2H),
3.51 (m, 2H), 1.25 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.7, 143.3, 141.6, 128.5 (2C), 126.9(3C), 126.7
(2C), 126.5 (2C), 125.7, 125.0 (2C), 123.4, 119.8, 119.7, 55.4 (2C), 36.9, 29.7 (2C). HRMS (ESI) m/z:
calculated for C23H24N 314.1905 [M+H]+, found: 314.1903.
(S)ꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)ꢀ1,2,3,4ꢀtetrahydronaphthalenꢀ1ꢀamine (3qa): Colorless viscous liquid, 92% yield,
106.3 mg; 99% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ72.8 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3qa isomer, 12.9; minor (R,S)ꢀ3qa isomer, 13.5. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3qa
matches that reported in the literature.16 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37–7.34 (m, 2H), 7.29–7.22 (m, 3H),
7.16–7.15 (m, 1H), 7.08–6.92 (m, 3H), 3.95 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.80–2.65 (m, 1H),
2.62–2.60 (m, 1H), 1.90–1.80 (m, 1H), 1.78–1.50 (m, 3H), 1.28–1.27 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 146.7, 139.9, 137.2, 129.2, 128.9, 128.5 (2C), 126.8 (2C), 126.7, 125.6 (2C), 56.2, 53.2, 29.5, 29.1,
24.8, 18.7. MS (ESI) m/z: 231.2 [M+H]+.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenyl)ethyl)propanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ra): Colorless viscous liquid, 81% yield, 97.2 mg; 86%
de. [α]D20 = ꢀ119.2 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)): retention time
[min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ra isomer, 8.9; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ra isomer, 9.2. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ra matches that
reported in the literature.21 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29–7.22 (m, 4H), 7.21–7.07 (m, 6H), 3.41 (q, J = 6.6
Hz, 1H), 3.13 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.53–1.51 (m, 2H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.66 (t, J = 6.6Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 128.4 (2C), 128.3 (4C), 127.4 (2C), 126.8 (4C), 61.7, 55.0, 31.4, 25.1, 11.0. MS (ESI) /z:
240.2 [M+H]+.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2ꢀ(propyl)phenyl)ethyl)propanꢀ1ꢀamine (3sa): Colorless viscous liquid, 86% yield,
116.1 mg; 92% de. [α]D20 = ꢀ131.2 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3sa isomer, 11.5; minor (R,S)ꢀ3sa isomer, 11.7. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3sa
matches that reported in the literature.20 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (t, J = 6.6
Hz, 2H), 7.15 (ddd, J = 9.6, 6.0, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 8.4
Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.47–3.42 (m, 1H), 3.40 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.71–1.53 (m, 2H), 1.18 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H),
0.67 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 157.9, 146.1, 129.0, 128.2 (2C), 127.6, 127.0 (2C), 126.7,
125.6, 120.4, 110.7, 58.2, 55.3, 55.1, 29.3, 25.3, 11.2. MS (ESI) m/z: 270.2 [M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀ(2ꢀ(2ꢀpyridinyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3ta): Colorless viscous liquid, 90% yield, 102.2
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mg; 88% de. [α]D = ꢀ158.0 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min]: major (S,S)ꢀ3ta isomer, 8.6; minor (R,S)ꢀ3ta isomer, 8.9. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ta
matches that reported in the literature.22 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.52–8.51 (m, 1H), 7.52–7.50 (m, 1H),
7.23 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.20–7.13 (m, 3H), 7.07–7.06 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H),
3.37 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.22 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 164.8,
149.7, 145.6, 136.2, 128.4 (2C), 126.9, 126.8 (2C), 121.9, 121.7, 56.2, 55.6, 25.1, 23.4. MS (ESI) m/z: 227.3
[M+H]+.
(S)ꢀ4ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)butanꢀ2ꢀamine (3ua): Colorless viscous liquid, 82% yield, 104.1 mg; 86%
de. [α]D20 = ꢀ69.9 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)): retention time
[min]: minor (R,S)ꢀ3ua isomer, 10.9; major (S,S)ꢀ3ua isomer, 11.1. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3ua matches that
reported in the literature.23 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25–7.09 (m, 10H), 3.85 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.60–
2.45 (m, 4H), 1.79 (dd, J = 12.0, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.59 (dd, J = 6.6, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 1.29 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (d, J =
6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 142.3, 128.5 (2C), 128.4 (2C), 128.3 (2C), 127.1 (2C), 126.7 (2C),
125.8, 61.6, 54.9, 31.4, 25.1, 10.9. MS (ESI) m/z: 254.2 [M+H]+.
(2S)ꢀ3,3ꢀDimethylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)butanꢀ2ꢀamine (3va): Colorless viscous liquid, 97% yield, 99.9 mg;
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99% de. [α]D = ꢀ2.4 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)): retention
time [min]: minor (R,S)ꢀ3va isomer, 5.8; major (S,S)ꢀ3va isomer, 6.0. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3va matches that
reported in the literature.16 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.25–7.22 (m, 2H), 7.17–7.11
(m, 1H), 3.70 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.23–2.21 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.6, 3H), 0.82 (s, 9H), 0.78 (d, J = 6.6, 3H);
13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 147.6, 128.3 (2C), 126.7 (2C), 126.7, 59.6, 57.1, 34.8, 26.6, 23.7, 16.0. MS (ESI)
m/z: 206.2 [M+H]+.
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(S)ꢀ1ꢀCyclohexylꢀNꢀ((S)ꢀ1ꢀphenylethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3wa): Colorless viscous liquid, 97% yield, 112.5 mg,
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99% de. [α]D = ꢀ37.2 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)): retention
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time [min]: minor (R,S)ꢀ3wa isomer, 8.7; major (S,S)ꢀ3wa isomer, 9.0. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3wa matches
that reported in the literature.23 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28–7.21 (m, 4H), 7.14 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (q,
J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.56–2.17 (m, 1H), 1.75–1.57 (m, 4H), 1.49 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.37–1.28 (m, 1H), 1.24 (d, J
= 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.16–1.54 (m, 2H), 1.10–1.01 (m, 1H), 0.99–0.89 (m, 2H), 0.81 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 146.5, 128.3 (2C), 126.7, 126.6 (2C), 55.5, 54.8, 42.1, 30.3, 27.3, 26.9, 26.8, 26.6, 24.4,
17.5. MS (ESI) m/z: 232.4 [M+H]+.
(R)ꢀ1ꢀPhenylꢀNꢀ((R)ꢀ1ꢀ(naphthalenꢀ1ꢀyl)ethyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (3nf): White solid, mp 85.8–86.9 oC, 94% yield,
129.7 mg; 99% de. [α]D20 = +61.4 (c = 0.5, ethanol). GC (program see Experimental section (general method)):
retention time [min] : major (R,R)ꢀ3nf isomer, 13.9; minor (R,S)ꢀ3nf isomer, 14.1. The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ3nf
matches that reported in the literature.20 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.95–7.90 (m, 1H), 7.86–
7.81 (m, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.62–7.56 (m, 1H), 7.51 (td, J = 6.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J = 10.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H),
7.35 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.33–7.29 (m, 1H), 7.26–7.19 (m, 2H), 4.44 (q, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (q, J = 6.0
Hz, 1H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.45 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.41 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 146.0,
141.6, 134.0, 131.5, 128.8, 128.4 (2C), 127.1, 126.8, 126.7 (2C), 125.7, 125.5, 125.3, 123.1, 122.8, 55.4, 50.8,
24.8, 24.7. MS (ESI) m/z: 276.2 [M+H]+.
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Synthesis of Primary Amine 4nf from 3nf. To a stainless steel autoclave, secondary amine 3nf (7.6 g, 28
mmol ), 5% Pd/C (0.5 g, 0.28 mmol) and MeOH (50 mL) were added. The autoclave was purged three times
with hydrogen and finally pressurized to 0.2 MPa. The mixture was stirred at 60 oC for 24h. After the completion
of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through a bed of celite and the celite subsequently washed
with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL).The filtrate was dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was
purified by silica gel flash chromatography to afford the desired product 4nf as a yellow oil.
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(R)ꢀ1ꢀ(Naphthalenꢀ1ꢀyl)ethanꢀ1ꢀamine (4nf): yellow oil, 81% yield, 3.8 g; 98% ee. [α]D = +50.5 (c = 0.44,
ethanol); The enantiomeric excess was determined by HPLC on Chiralcel ODꢀH column, hexane: isopropanol
= 90: 10; flow rate = 0.8 mL/min; UV detection at 285 nm; tR = 15.1 min (minor), 17.2 min (major). The NMR
data of (S,S)ꢀ4nf matches that reported in the literature.24 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.17 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H),
7.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57–7.55 (m, 1H), 7.54–7.49 (m, 2H),
4.99 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (s, 2H), 1.59 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.3, 133.9, 130.7,
129.0, 127.2, 125.9, 125.6, 125.4, 122.9, 121.4, 46.5, 24.8. MS (ESI) m/z: 172.1 [M+H]+.
Synthesis of Cinacalect. A solution of amine 4nf (3.8 g, 22 mmol), 3ꢀ(3ꢀ(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanal
(5.3 g, 26 mmol), B(C6F5)3 (113 mg, 0.22 mmol), and 4 Å MS (15.2 g, 4 wt equiv.) were dissolved in toluene (50
mL) under an ambient atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 8 h followed by addition of ammonia
borane (0.8 g, 26 mmol), and was stirred for another 12 h at r.t.. Then the reaction mixture was filtered through
a bed of celite and the celite subsequently washed with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The filtrate was dried (Na2SO4),
and concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography to afford the
desired product cinacalcet (5) as a yellow oil.
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Cinacalcet (5): yellow oil, 92% yield, 7.3 g; 98% ee. [α]D = +17.7 (c = 0.52, ethanol); The enantiomeric
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excess was determined by HPLC on Chiralcel ODꢀH column, hexane: isopropanol = 97: 3; flow rate = 0.8
mL/min; UV detection at 285 nm; tR = 9.8 min (minor), 10.8 min (major). The NMR data of (S,S)ꢀ 5 matches that
reported in the literature.25 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.09 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65
(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47–7.36 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),
7.20 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.68–2.34 (m, 4H), 1.82–1.65 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, J = 17.6 Hz,
3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.1, 141.2, 134.0, 131.8, 131.3, 130.6 (q, J = 31.9 Hz, 1C), 129.0 (2C),
128.7 (2C), 127.2 (2C), 125.8, 125.7, 125.3, 125.0 (q, J = 3.8 Hz, 1C), 53.8, 47.3, 33.4, 31.9, 23.6. MS (ESI)
m/z: 358.2 [M+H]+.
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ASSOCIATED CONTENT
Supporting Information
The supporting information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.xxxxxxx
Copies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra and GC spectra of all products.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Author
*Eꢀmail: weihuizhong@zjut.edu.cn
Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21676253 and 21706234) for financial
support.
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