Paper
Green Chemistry
reusability of the catalyst and also to understand the reaction
path in the CO2–water system.
Acknowledgements
H. Kawanami is funded by the Japan–U.S. cooperation
project for research and standardization of Clean Energy
Technologies, The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
(METI), Japan and CREST, Japan Science and Technology
(JST).
Experimental
Materials
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (Aldrich) was used as received.
Carbon dioxide (>99.99%) was supplied by Nippon Sanso Co.
Ltd. Pd/C, Pd/Al2O3, Pt/C, Pt/Al2O3, Rh/C, Ru/C and Ru/Al2O3
were from Aldrich, except Rh/Al2O3, which was from Wako
Pure Chemicals. In each case, the metal content was 5%.
Metal catalysts supported on MCM-41 were synthesized in our
laboratory using a modified method.25
References
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The HMF hydrogenation studies were carried out in a 50 ml
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Phase observation
To determine the phase behavior of the hydrogenation/hydro-
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HMF and DMF was studied separately in a 10 ml high pressure
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also used to maintain the desired temperature of 80 °C.
Required materials were introduced into the view cell at a con-
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varied and the phase was observed. For phase observation
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J. A. Dumesic, Nature, 2007, 447, 982–986.
1550 | Green Chem., 2014, 16, 1543–1551
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