8
HOSEINI ET AL.
The higher catalytic activity of the PtPdCu thin film in com-
parison to the PdCu and PdCu/RGO thin films was attributed
to the small size (8 nm) of PtPdCu NPs in SMC reactions.
Previously, we used an oil–water interface self‐assembly
method for the synthesis of small, monodisperse and mono-
metallic Pd NP thin films in the presence of GO and in the
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absence of a stabilizer by the reduction of the [PdCl (cod)]
2
[
6]
complex. In this study, which is different from our previous
study, the effect of the addition of RGO and Pt to the Pd and
Pd‐based alloys was investigated for the first time. The results
show that the addition of the small portion of Pt can lead to a
large increase in the catalytic activity. According to the three
following factors, we have a contribution of a heterogeneous
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(
0
ii) catalyst leaching as calculated by ICP analysis is 0.265,
.16 and 0.105 μg (about 5%) for PdCu, PdCu/RGO and
PtPdCu, respectively (this is the most important factor) and
iii) the catalyst reusability is realized by solvent decantation.
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higher catalytic activity is due to the electron density enrich-
ment at the Pd centre by the presence of Pt in the nanoalloy
that accelerates the oxidative addition reaction in the first step
of the reaction. Furthermore, addition of non‐precious Cu
element to the Pd film not only reduces the expensive Pd dos-
age, but also improves the catalytic activity due to Cu syner-
gistic effect that accelerates the reductive elimination reaction
in the last step of the reaction and rendering these nanoalloys
more interesting in catalysis than monometallic Pd catalysts.
Compared to classical reactions, this method consistently
has the main advantages of green solvent, short reaction
times, low catalyst loading, reusability of the catalyst without
considerable loss of catalytic activity and high yields with
unactivated aryl halides such as chlorobenzene derivatives.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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18] M. Navidi, N. Rezaei, B. Movassagh, J. Organometal. Chem. 2013, 743, 63.
We thank the Yasouj University Research Council and the
Iranian Nanotechnology Initiative Council for their support.
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