Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Metabolites from Epichlo bromicola, a Fungus Obtained from Elymus tangutorum Grass

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04260

The development of high-quality herbage is an important aspect of animal husbandry. Inoculating beneficial fungi onto inferior grass is a feasible strategy for producing new varieties of high-quality herbage. Epichlo bromicola is a candidate fungus that i

Full text of DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04260

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Article
Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Metabolites from
Epichloë bromicola, a Fungus Obtained from Elymus tangutorum Grass
Qiu-Yan Song, Zhibiao Nan, Kun Gao, Hui Song, Pei Tian,
Xing-Xu Zhang, Chunjie Li, Wen-Bo Xu, and Xiu-Zhang Li
J. Agric. Food Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • Publication Date (Web): 22 Sep 2015
Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on September 23, 2015
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Cytotoxic Activities
of Metabolites from Epichloë bromicola, a
Fungus Obtained from Elymus tangutorum
Grass
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Qiu-Yan Song,† Zhi-Biao Nan,†, Kun Gao,‡, Hui Song,† Pei Tian,† Xing-Xu
Zhang,† Chun-Jie Li,† Wen-Bo Xu,† Xiu-Zhang Li†
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† State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral
Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and
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Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Page 2 of 31
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ABSTRACT: The development of high-quality herbage is an important aspect of
animal husbandry. Inoculating beneficial fungi onto inferior grass is a feasible
strategy for producing new varieties of high-quality herbage. Epichloë bromicola is a
candidate fungus that is isolated from Elymus tangutorum. Seventeen metabolites,
1−17, were obtained from Epichloë bromicola, and their biological activities were
assayed. Metabolite 1 exhibited antifungal activities against Alternaria alternata,
Fusarium avenaceum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Curvularia lunata. EC50 values
ranged from 0.7 to 5.3 μM, which were better than the positive control, chlorothalonil.
Metabolite 8 displayed obvious phytotoxic effects toward Lolium perenne and Poa
crymophila seedlings, and it was as active as glyphosate. None of these isolated
metabolites displayed cytotoxicity against Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. The IC50
values were greater than 100 μM, and the metabolites increased the growth of the cells
at a concentration of 12.5 μM. Bioassay indicated that Epichloë bromicola may be a
beneficial fungus for producing new varieties of herbage with various resistances.
Additionally, metabolite 7, 3-(2'-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)acetoxy)-2S-methylpropanoic
acid, is a new natural product, and its stereochemistry was determined by means of
optical rotation computation and chemical reactions.
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KEYWORDS: Epichloë bromicola, Elymus tangutorum, metabolites, antifungal
activity, phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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INTRODUCTION
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Animal husbandry comprises a considerable aspect of agriculture. The importance of
animal husbandry has prompted a great effort to develop high-quality herbage with
improved resistance to various insults. A majority of cool-season grasses of the
subfamily Pooideae have been recognized as high-quality herbage containing fungi of
the genus Epichloë. The genus includes previously reported species within the genus
Neotyphodium.1
Asexual Epichloë endophytes often provide numerous benefits to their hosts. For
instance, they can increase resistance to disease, undesired herbivory, parasitism, and
drought. They can inhibit the growth of undesirable grasses, enhance reproductive
growth, and provide other advantages.2-7 It has been demonstrated that alkaloids from
Epichloë endophytes played an important role in the provision of many of the
resistances. For example, peramine and the loline alkaloids exhibit significant
insecticidal activity.8,9 However, asexual Epichloë endophytes also produce
detrimental effects on their hosts, including toxicity to livestock, aversion by grazing
animals, reduced livestock productivity, and impaired reproduction.10,11 Therefore, it
is highly desirable to find fungi that produce beneficial metabolites and lack harmful
side effects.
As one of the cool-season grasses, Elymus tangutorum (E. tangutorum) adapts to
drought and high salinity and is widely planted in temperate and subtropical regions,
such as Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang, Sichuan, Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei and Mongolia
provinces of China.12 The frequency of infection of E. tangutorum by Epichloë spp.
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