Total Syntheses of (+)-Gabosine P, (+)-Gabosine Q, (+)-Gabosine E, (-)-Gabosine G, (-)-Gabosine I, (-)-Gabosine K, (+)-Streptol, and (-)-Uvamalol A by a Diversity-Oriented Approach Featuring Tunable Deprotection Manipulation

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.7b00181

A new diversity-oriented approach to C7-cyclitols, which possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, is developed. The key polyoxygenated intermediates with different O-protecting groups were accessed by an intramolecular aldol-cyclization of a diketone derived from δ-d-gluconolactone. The versatile intermediates can be easily transformed into structurally different carbasugars based on control of deprotection manipulation. The utility of the robust approach is illustrated by the first syntheses of (+)-gabosines P and Q, as well as the syntheses of several other gabosines and related analogues viz. (+)-gabosine E, (-)-gabosine G, (-)-gabosine I, (-)-gabosine K, (+)-streptol, and (-)-uvamalol A. In addition, the absolute configuration of (-)-uvamalol A is assigned by its total synthesis.

Full text of DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.7b00181

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Article
Total Syntheses of (+)-Gabosine P, (+)-Gabosine Q, (+)-
Gabosine E, (–)-Gabosine G, (–)-Gabosine I, (–)-Gabosine
K, (+)-Streptol and (–)-Uvamalol A by a Diversity-Oriented
Approach Featuring Tunable Deprotection Manipulation
Po Yuan, Xiaojing Liu, Xing Yang, Yanli Zhang, and Xiaochuan Chen
J. Org. Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00181 • Publication Date (Web): 09 Mar 2017
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Total Syntheses of (+)-Gabosine P, (+)-Gabosine Q, (+)-Gabosine E,
(–)-Gabosine G, (–)-Gabosine I, (–)-Gabosine K, (+)-Streptol and
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(–)-Uvamalol A by a Diversity-Oriented Approach Featuring Tunable
Deprotection Manipulation
Po Yuan, Xiaojing Liu, Xing Yang, Yanli Zhang, and Xiaochuan Chen*
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
*E-mail: chenxc@scu.edu.cn
Abstract: A new diversity-oriented approach to C7-cyclitols, which possess a broad spectrum of
biological activities, is developed. The key polyoxygenated intermediates with different O-protecting
groups were accessed by an intramolecular aldol-cyclization of a diketone derived from
-D-gluconolactone. The versatile intermediates can be easily transformed into structurally different
carbasugars based on control of deprotection manipulation. The utility of the robust approach is illustrated
by the first syntheses of (+)-gabosines P and Q, as well as the syntheses of several other gabosines and
related analogues viz. (+)-gabosine E, (–)-gabosine G, (–)-gabosine I, (–)-gabosine K, (+)-streptol and
(–)-uvamalol A. In addition, the absolute configuration of (–)-uvamalol A is assigned by its total
synthesis.
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Introduction
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Many carbasugar-type natural products have a polyoxygenated methyl or hydroxymethyl cyclohexane
as a common structural feature, and are known to have a diverse range of biological activities.1 As a
representative family of these C7-cyclitols, gabosines are a class of secondary metabolites isolated from
several Streptomyces strains. They have been shown to display a wide range of interesting bioactivities
such as antibiotic,2 anticancer,3 inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis,2 and DNA binding properties.4
Some synthetic analogues of gabosines also present interesting and promising biological activities,4a and
several derivatives have been described as very potent emerging antitumor agents due to their glutathione
S-transferases (GST) inhibition activity.5
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Although the term gabosines was first used in the literature in 1993,2 the first isolation of gabosine
member, KD16-U1 (identical to gabosine C, 1), could be traced to the early 1970s.6 After gabosines L, N
and O (2-4) were reported in 2000,4a no new member was found within the next fifteen years. Very
recently two new natural cyclitols, named gabosines P and Q (5 and 6), were isolated from the culture of
Streptomycetes strain no. 8.7 Structurally, 5 and 6 are the monoacylation derivatives of (+)-gabosine E (7)2
at the different hydroxyl groups (Figure 1). Their absolute configurations were assigned by electronic
circular dichroism (ECD). (+)-Gabosine P (5) exhibited significant -glucosidase inhibitory activity with
an IC50 values of 9.07 µM, which was over 70-fold stronger than that of clinical acarbose (IC50 = 663.28
µM), whereas (+)-gabosine Q (6), the acylation regioisomer of (+)-gabosine P, showed no obvious
inhibitory activity.7 (+)-Gabosine P is a potential leading compound in searching new drugs for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some other carbasugars isolated from natural sources, such as (+)-streptol
(8)8 and (–)-uvamalol A (9),9 display also a structural pattern within the gabosine family.
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Figure 1. Several Representative Gabosines and Related Natural Carbasugars.
The gabosines and their natural analogues show high structural diversity due to differences in the
unsaturation degree of the ring, the substituent positions, and the relative and absolute configuration of
their stereogenic centers. More importantly, these structural alteration, including the change of the
acetylation position (e.g. 5 vs 6), may lead to the significant differences in biological activities. Their
structural diversity and promising biological activities have motivated synthetic studies directed to these
targets. Up to now, most of the gabosines have already been synthesized by various strageties.10,11
However, the syntheses of (+)-gabosines P and Q have not been reported yet. Moreover, the synthesis
strategies suitable for a large number of these compounds from common synthetic intermediates are rare
hitherto.11d,11h,12 Herein, we describe the first synthesis and absolute configuration confirmation of
(+)-gabosine P and (+)-gabosine Q via a new diversity-oriented approach. Besides 5 and 6, the generality
versatility of our method can be validated by synthesizing several other representative gabosines and their
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analogues including (+)-gabosine E (7),2 (–)-gabosine G (10),2 (–)-gabosine I (11),2,13 (–)-gabosine K
(12),2 (+)-streptol (8)8 and (–)-uvamalol A (9).9
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Result and Discussion
Our divergent proposal for the synthesis of these gabosine-type cyclitols is shown in Scheme 1. Novel
1,5-diketone 13 with three different types of hydroxyl protecting groups is designed as the key cyclization
precursor. The desired carbocyclic framework is constructed via an intramolecular aldol condensation of
13 to furnish common intermediate 14, in which the OH protecting groups on the required position can be
selectively removed for the subsequent modification. After reduction of the carbonyl group, selective
cleavage of acetonide might open a rapid access to gabosines P, Q and E, whereas the removal of the PMB
or TBS groups prior to isopropylidene acetal would favor the synthesis of (–)-gabosines G, K and
(–)-uvamalol A respectively. In addition, complete deprotection of the intermediates in one step is feasible
to produce (–)-gabosine I and (+)-streptol.
Scheme 1. Diversity-Oriented Strategy for the Syntheses of Gabosines and their Analogues.
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The synthesis of 1,5-diketone 13 commenced from D-glucono--lactone (15) (Scheme 2). According to
the previously reported procedure, 15 was converted into the diisopropylidene derivative in high yield,14
in which the free -hydroxy group was subsequently protected as TBS ether to give the known derivative
16.15 Ester 16 was directly transformed into methyl ketone 17 by in situ formation of the Weinreb amide16
followed by addition of MeMgBr (82% yield). The terminal isopropylidene acetal in 17 was selectively
hydrolyzed to afford the diol 18. After selective protection of primary hydroxyl group as PMB ether, the
resulting secondary alcohol 19 was oxidized to the target diketone 13. The key intramolecular aldol
reaction of dione 13 was investigated next. Under the previous conditions for similar aldol-type
cyclization (0.3 eq. L-proline in DMSO, room temperature, 6 days),17 our reaction didn’t work almost due
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to structural difference of the dione substrates. Even running the reaction with 1 equiv L-proline at 50 C
for 5 days, a poor yield of aldol product 14 was obtained (11%), along with considerable recovered
starting material 13 (75%). Although employment of LDA as promoter led to a full consumption of 13,
cyclization product 14 was still obtained in low yield (19%).18 Some other base-mediated reaction
conditions, including KOtBu,19 NaH20 and KHMDS,21 also led to poor yields or failed to give results.
Fortunately, when diketone 13 was treated with pyrrolidine and AcOH at room temperature, the aldol
condensation proceeded smoothly to afford 14 in 88% yield.22
Although not important for the overall synthesis of the target molecules, the configuration of the tertiary
hydroxy-bearing C-5 in 14 was assigned by NMR spectroscopic analysis. In its NOESY spectrum, HO-5
signal (δ = 2.33 ppm) correlated with H-3 signal (δ = 4.08 ppm), and H-7a signal (δ = 3.39 ppm)
correlated with H-4 signal (δ = 3.94 ppm) respectively. It illustrates the -configuration of C-5 hydroxyl
group in the six-member ring. Namely, aldol product 14 is a hydroxyl-protected derivative of valiolone.23
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Scheme 2. Construction of Key Polyhydroxy Cyclic Intermediate 14.
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With the cyclic intermediate 14 in hand, we first aimed the syntheses of gabosines P, Q and E (Scheme
3). Elimination of the tertiary alcohol in 14 with Burgess reagent24 furnished enone 20 in high yield.
Selective 1,2-reduction of enone 20 with DIBAL produced a 2.4:1 mixture of diastereoisomeric alcohols
21a and 21b, respectively. The stereostructure of major -alcohol 21a was subsequently confirmed by its
transformation into the natural products including streptol, gabosines P and Q. Thus, the desired isomer
21a acetylated to give the corresponding acetate 22, in which the isopropylidene blocking group was then
removed with pyridine p-tolenesulfonate (PPTS) in MeOH to afford diol 23. Chemoselective oxidation of
the allyl alcohol functionality in diol 23 was smoothly achieved with the Dess-Martin periodinane to
generate enone 24. Finally, (+)-gabosine P (5) was easily obtained via simultaneous removal of PMB and
TBS groups. In order to prepare (+)-gabosine Q, TBS was employed to mask the hydroxy group in 21a.
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Following the similar manipulation involving hydrolysis of the acetonide and oxidation of the allyl
alcohol, the resulting bis-silyl ether 25 was transformed into enone 27, which underwent acetylation of the
remaining hydroxyl group to afford acetate 28. 28 and 27 were separately subjected to acid-mediated
cleavage of TBS and PMB groups to give (+)-gabosines Q (6) and E (7). The spectroscopic properties of
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the synthetic samples (the optical rotation, H and C NMR spectral data) were identical to those of the
natural products.7 The results validated the molecular structures and the absolute configuration of
(+)-gabosines P and Q.
Scheme 3. Syntheses of (+)-Gabosines P, Q and E from 14.
Next, we set out to utilize the above cyclic intermediates to synthesize other gabosine members by
adjusting the deprotection sequence (Scheme 4). Most directly, for these protecting groups all are sensitive
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to acid, the conversion of intermediates 20 and 21a into (–)-gabosine I (11) and (+)-streptol (8) was easily
achieved by a one-pot full deprotection respectively. On the other hand, the PMB group in 20 could be
selectively removed with DDQ to give primary alcohol 29, which was converted into the acetate 30 in
high yield. Hydrolysis of acetonide and TBS groups gave (–)-gabosine G (10) by treatment with aqueous
TFA. Luche reduction25 of ,-unsaturated ketone 30 exhibited inverse stereoselectivity to generate
-hydroxy isomer 31 as the major product (dr = 7.3:1), which underwent the acidic hydrolysis to afford
(–)-gabosine K (12).
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Scheme 4. Syntheses of (–)-Gabosines G, K, I and (+)-Streptol from 20.
For the further illustration of the utility of this strategy, we turned our attention to the synthesis of
(–)-uvamalol A (9). (–)-Uvamalol A was isolated from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla,9 and its absolute
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configuration was not identified. Up to date, there is only one synthesis of (±)-uvamalol A reported by the
Sureshan group,11i and its enantioselective synthesis has not been reported yet. It is necessary to unmask
the hydroxy functionality at C-2 prior to the rest for the conversion of the polyhydroxylated intermediates
to (–)-uvamalol A. Although the treatment of 20 with TBAF failed to obtain the corresponding de-TBS
product, the silyl group in 14 could be removed smoothly under the similar conditions to give -hydroxyl
ketone 32 (Scheme 5). After the benzoylation of the secondary hydroxyl group, the resulting compound 33
was transformed into dehydrated product 34 with Burgess reagent. Removal of PMB ether protecting
group with DDQ gave primary alcohol 35, which was subsequently converted into bis-benzoate 36. Luche
reduction of enone furnished an inseparable mixture of two diastereoisomers. Fortunately, the inseparable
isomers were directly subjected to hydrolysis of isopropylidene group resulting in a mixture of
deprotected products, which were easily separated on column chromatography to give (–)-uvamalol A (9)
(72%) and 1-epi-uvamalol A (18%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first synthesis of optically
pure uvamalol A. All the spectral data including the optical rotation were found to match with the reported
data,9 and, hence, the absolute configuration of natural (–)-uvamalol A (9) could be confirmed to be (1R,
2S, 3S, 4R).
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Scheme 5. Synthesis of (–)-Uvamalol A from 14.
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Conclusion
In summary, we have developed a general carbasugar synthesis strategy featuring employment of the
polyoxygented aldol-cyclization products with different O-protecting groups as versatile intermediates, in
which those masked hydroxyl groups can be selectively modified by control of deprotection to achieve
syntheses of various C7-cyclitols. The utility of the robust approach has been demonstrated by the first
syntheses of (+)-gabosines P and Q, as well as the syntheses of several other structurally different
gabosines and related analogues viz. (+)-gabosine E, (–)-gabosine G, (–)-gabosine I, (–)-gabosine K,
(+)-streptol and (–)-uvamalol A. In addition, the unknown absolute configuration of (–)-uvamalol A is
established. Further exploitation of this strategy in the construction of other cyclohexa(e)noid natural
products and their derivatives is in progress.
Experimental Section
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General: Flash chromatography was performed using silica gel (200-300 mesh). Reactions were
monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Visualization was achieved under a UV lamp (254 nm),
while Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a NEXUS 670 FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared)
Spectrophotometer and are reported in wavenumbers (cm-1). Optical rotations were measured on a
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polarimeter, and are reported as follows: [α]D (c: g/100 mL, in solvent). H and C NMR spectra were
recorded at 400 and 100 MHz with TMS as the internal standard and were calibrated using residual
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undeuterated solvent as an internal reference (CDCl3: H NMR = 7.26, C NMR = 77.16; CD3OD: H
NMR = 3.31, 13C NMR = 49.00). The following abbreviations were used to explain the multiplicities: s =
singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, br = broad. Coupling constants (J) are reported
in Hertz (Hz). HRMS spectra were recorded on a LCMS-IT-TOF spectrometer, and methanol or
dichloromethane was used to dissolve the sample. Solvents for reaction were distilled prior to use:
dichloromethane (DCM), PhCH3 and MeCN from CaH2, tetrahydrofuran (THF) from Na. Methanol was
distilled from magnesium, acetone from potassium carbonate, and other reagents were obtained from
commercial suppliers unless otherwise stated.
Compound 17: To a solution of compound 16 (290 mg, 0.717 mmol) and MeNHOMe·HCl (87.5 mg,
0.897 mmol) in THF (7 mL) at –5 °C was added dropwise MeMgBr (3 M in THF, 1.44 mL, 4.30 mmol).
The mixture was stirred at –5 °C for 90 min, and then allowed to warm slowly to room temperature in the
low-temperature bath. The reaction was stirred for 14 h at room temperature before saturated aqueous
NH4Cl (1.5 mL) and EtOAc (5 mL) were slowly added. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase
was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4,
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filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column
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chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 16:1) to give ketone 17 (228 mg, 82%) as a colorless crystalline
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solid. m.p. 51 – 52 ℃; [α]D +73.5 (c 1.62, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 2931, 1719, 1375, 1254, 1149, 1074,
846 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.17 – 4.12 (m, 2H), 4.09 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.04 – 3.92 (m,
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2H), 3.78 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 6H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.08
(s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 210.8, 110.4, 109.7, 82.4, 78.6, 77.4, 76.7, 68.3, 27.5,
27.1, 26.8, 26.4, 25.8, 25.2, 18.2, –4.7, –4.9; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C19H36NaO6Si
411.2179; Found 411.2178.
Compound 18: CuCl2·2H2O (369 mg, 2.16 mmol) was added to the solution of compound 17 (840 mg,
2.16 mmol) in CH3CN (4 mL) at 0 °C. The vigorously stirred mixture was kept at the same temperature
for 45min. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1 mL). The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 10 mL). Then the organic phase was dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum
19
ether/EtOAc, 8:1) to yield diol 18 (301 mg, 91%) as a white solid. m.p. 85 – 87 ℃; [α]D +36.7 (c 1.31,
CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3448, 2933, 2860, 1713, 1467, 1374, 1254, 1139, 1079, 930, 842, 779 cm-1; H
1
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.23 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J = 7.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (t, J = 7.4 Hz,
1H), 3.81 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (dt, J = 12.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (m, 1H), 3.36 (brs, 1H), 2.77 (brs, 1H),
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2.22 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.07 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 211.3, 110.0, 81.7, 78.3, 76.2, 73.3, 64.3, 27.6, 27.3, 26.8, 25.9, 18.3, –4.8, –5.0; HRMS (ESI -
TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C16H32NaO6Si 371.1866; Found 371.1867.
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Compound 19: To a solution of compound 18 (235 mg, 0.675 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added PPTS
(17 mg, 0.0675 mmol) and PMBTCA (210 mg, 0.743 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 2 h, and then evaporated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography
(petroleum ether/EtOAc, 8:1) on silica gel to afford the desired product 19 (294 mg, 93%) as a slight
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yellow oil. [α]D +43.0 (c 0.54, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3447, 2932, 2859, 1714, 1613, 1514, 1465, 1372,
1302, 1250, 1137, 1077, 929, 881, 840, 779, 678 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 – 7.22 (m, 2H),
6.90 – 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.53 – 4.46 (m, 2H), 4.22 (dd, J = 7.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (d, J = 2.8Hz, 1H), 4.01 (t, J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.79 – 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.70 (dd, J = 9.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (dd, J = 9.6, 6.0Hz,
1H), 2.51 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s,3H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.05 (s, 3H), 0.03 (s,
3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 210.9, 159.5, 130.0, 129.6, 114.0, 110.1, 81.9, 78.7, 75.5, 73.3, 72.6,
71.6, 55.4, 27.4, 27.3, 26.9, 25.9, 18.3, –4.7, –4.5; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for
C24H40NaO7Si 491.2441; Found 491.2439.
Compound 13: To a stirred solution of (COCl)2 (106 µL, 1.21 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added DMSO
(171 µL, 2.42 mmol) in DCM (0.2 mL) at –78 ℃ under argon. After 40 min, a solution of 19 (378 mg,
0.807 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was slowly added dropwise to the reaction mixture at –78 ℃ under argon.
After 60 min, Et3N (675 µL, 4.84 mmol) was added dropwise to the above mixture. Then the mixture was
allowed to warm slowly to room temperature by removing low-temperature reactor. The reaction mixture
was poured into saturated NaHCO3 solution, extracted with DCM (3 × 15 mL), dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4. The evaporated residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum
ether/EtOAc, 8:1) to give diketone 13 (365 mg, 97%) as a slight yellow oil. [α]D19 +80.0 (c 0.17, CHCl3);
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IR (neat) vmax 2932, 2858, 1732, 1613, 1514, 1465, 1379, 1302, 1251, 1138, 1093, 1037, 839, 780 cm-1; 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31 – 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.90 – 6.84 (m, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.49 – 4.33 (m, 3H),
4.25 (dd, J = 7.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.31 (s,
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3H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 210.2, 206.2, 159.6, 129.9,
129.1, 114.0, 111.6, 79.8, 79.3, 78.2, 73.1, 72.4, 55.4, 27.2, 26.6, 25.8, 18.2, –4.8, –5.1; HRMS (ESI -
TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C24H38NaO7Si 489.2284; Found 489.2280.
Compound 14: To a solution of 13 (1.58 g, 3.39 mmol) in EtOAc (35 mL) was added pyrrolidine (0.3 mL,
3.56 mmol) and AcOH (0.2 mL, 3.56 mmol) at room temperature under argon. After stirring for 30 h, the
reaction was evaporated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum
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ether/EtOAc, 8:1) on silica gel to afford 14 (1.39 g, 88%) as a colorless oil. [α]D +4.3 (c 0.94, CHCl3);
IR (neat) vmax 3455, 2932, 2857, 1733, 1612, 1514, 1466, 1376, 1296, 1249, 1176, 1116, 1024, 1002, 841,
781, 666 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.26 – 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.91 – 6.85 (m, 2H), 4.51 (d, J = 12.0
Hz, 1H), 4.48 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (dd, J = 11.0, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (d, J =
9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.45 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (s, 2H), 2.33 (s, 1H),
1.49 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.14 (s, 3H), 0.06 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 204.6,
159.6, 129.8, 129.5, 114.0, 111.9, 79.2, 77.7, 77.4, 73.3, 73.0, 70.9, 55.4, 46.9, 27.4, 26.7, 25.9, 18.8, –4.6,
–5.1; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C24H38NaO7Si 489.2284; Found 489.2278.
Compound 20: To a solution of 14 (573 mg, 1.22 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added freshly prepared
Burgess reagent (625 mg, 2.44 mmol) at room temperature under argon. Then the reaction mixture was
stirred rapidly at 45 ℃ for 50 min, extracted with EtOAc (3 × 20mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and
concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 6:1)
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to give 20 (540 mg, 98%) as a slight yellow oil. [α]D –25.1 (c 0.90, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 2988, 2932,
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781, 675 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 – 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.91 – 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.11 (q, J = 2.0
Hz, 1H), 4.55 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.33 – 4.28 (m, 3H), 4.16 (d, J = 10.8 Hz,
1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.82 – 3.77 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.19 (s, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 197.4, 159.6, 157.7, 129.7, 129.5, 123.1, 114.1, 112.6, 82.5, 78.3, 75.8,
73.0, 67.0, 55.4, 26.9, 26.6, 25.9, 18.8, –4.4, –5.1; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for
C24H36NaO6Si 471.2179; Found 471.2180.
Compound 21a: To a solution of 20 (238 mg, 0.531 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added dropwise
DIBAL-H (1.5 M in toluene, 0.71 mL, 1.06 mmol) at −78 °C under argon. After 30 min, saturated
aqueous sodium potassium tartrate (10 mL) was added and the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (5 mL).
The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and kept still for 3 – 5 h until the layers were
separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 15 mL). The combined organic layers were
washed with brine (2 × 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified
by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 8:1) to yield compound 21a (153 mg, 64%)
and 21b (62 mg, 26%) respectively.
21a: a colorless oil; [α]D18 +21.4 (c 0.28, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3528, 2931, 2857, 1613, 1513, 1465, 1377,
1296, 1249, 1169, 1088, 841, 781, 669 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.29 – 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.89 –
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6.85 (m, 2H), 5.78 (dd, J = 4.0, 2.4Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H),4.33 (t, J
= 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (dd, J = 13.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H),
3.95 (dd, J = 10.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.73 (dd, J = 10.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 1.43 (s, 3H),
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1.41 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.17 (s, 3H), 0.16 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.3, 137.8, 130.4,
129.5, 123.2, 113.9, 112.1, 78.3, 77.0, 72.5, 71.3, 69.0, 68.3, 55.4, 27.0, 26.8, 25.9, 18.4, –4.3, –4.9;
HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C24H38NaO6Si 473.2335; Found 473.2338.
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21b: a colorless oil; [α]D18 –12.1 (c 0.34, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3443, 2931, 2856, 1613, 1514, 1465, 1376,
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1301, 1249, 1174, 1097, 841, 781, 668 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 – 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.90 –
6.84 (m, 2H), 5.58 (s, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.20 – 4.12
(m, 2H), 4.05 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (dd, J = 10.6, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.51 (dd, J = 10.8, 8.8 Hz,
1H), 2.01 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.14 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 159.3, 136.2, 130.4, 129.5, 124.1, 113.9, 111.4, 80.3, 77.9, 77.7, 76.7, 72.4, 67.9, 55.4, 26.9,
26.7, 26.0, 18.4, –4.2, –4.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C24H38NaO6Si 473.2335; Found
473.2336.
Compound 22: To a stirred solution of 21a (206 mg, 0.457 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (4.6 mL) was added Et3N
(191 µL, 1.37 mmol) and DMAP (5.6 mg, 0.0457 mmol) at room temperature. Then Ac2O (129.6 µL, 1.37
mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 4 h, extracted
with CH2Cl2 (3 × 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by
silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 16:1) to give 22 (219 mg, 97%) as a colorless
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oil. [α]D +78.9 (c 0.23, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 2932, 2896, 2857, 1743, 1613, 1586, 1514, 1466, 1373,
1301, 1246, 1173, 1102, 1031, 966, 938, 892, 862, 840, 783, 673 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30
– 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.90 – 6.84 (m, 2H), 5.69 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (dd, J = 4.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J =
10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (dd, J = 14.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.01
(dd, J = 10.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.99 – 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.77 (dd, J = 11,2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.07 (s, 3H),
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1.44 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 170.4,
159.4, 140.1, 130.2, 129.5, 120.1, 113.9, 112.2, 78.5, 72.6, 70.5, 70.3, 68.0, 55.4, 26.9, 26.8, 25.8, 21.2,
18.6, –4.9, –4.9; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C26H41O7Si 493.2622; Found 493.2625.
Compound 23: To a stirred solution of 22 (219 mg, 0.445 mmol) in MeOH (9 mL) was added PPTS (111
mg, 0.445 mmol) at room temperature. After stirring for 75 min, the reaction was evaporated under
reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 6:1) to afford
diol 23 (201 mg, quant.) as a colorless oil. [α]D19 +113.5 (c 0.83, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3451, 2931, 2857,
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NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32 – 7.20 (m, 2H), 6.92 – 6.81 (m, 2H), 5.78 (dd, J = 5.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.39
(t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.19 –
4.14 (m, 1H), 4.02 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (ddd, J = 9.8, 7.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.66 (dd, J = 9.8,
4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.12 (s, 3H),
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0.08 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 170.6, 159.5, 141.8, 129.9, 129.6, 120.6, 114.0, 73.5, 72.7,
72.4, 71.1, 69.9, 68.6, 55.4, 25.8, 21.2, 18.2, –4.6, –4.8; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for
C23H36NaO7Si 475.2128; Found 475.2127.
Compound 24: To a suspension of the above diol 23 (152 mg, 0.336 mmol) and NaHCO3 (30 mg, 0.353
mmol) in CH2Cl2 (17 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (150 mg, 0.353 mmol). The resulting
solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated Na2S2O3
solution, stirred until clarification, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 20mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and
concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ EtOAc,
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vmax 3488, 2931, 2857, 1747, 1686, 1613, 1514, 1466, 1370, 1305, 1247, 1147, 1033, 938, 901, 838, 782,
670 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz) δ 7.29 – 7.19 (m, 2H), 6.94 (dt, J = 6.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 – 6.85 (m, 2H),
5.68 (t, J = 5.0, 1H), 4.55 – 4.48 (m, 2H), 4.46 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.24 ((dt, J = 14.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H),
4.17 (dd, J = 14.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J = 10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.27 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.10
(s,3H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.14 (s, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 197.8, 170.2, 159.4, 138.7,
137.6, 129.6, 129.5, 113.9, 74.5, 73.1, 72.4, 67.4, 65.5, 55.3, 25.6, 20.8, 18.2, –4.7, –5.1; HRMS (ESI -
TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C23H34NaO7Si 473.1971; Found 473.1968.
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(+)-Gabosine P (5): To a stirred solution of 24 (72 mg, 0.16 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (4.4 mL) was added TFA
(0.74 mL) and H2O (74 µL) at room temperature. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 h.
Concentration of the solution followed by flash chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 10:1) to yield (+)-5 (29
mg, 84%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 +275.6 (c 0.27, MeOH) lit.7 [α]D21 +106.9 (c 0.37, MeOH); IR (neat)
vmax3379, 2925, 1737, 1689, 1374, 1240, 1141, 1094, 1026, 941, 896 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ
6.88 (dt, J = 5.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.26 – 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.98
(dd, J = 10.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ 198.8, 172.2, 142.3, 137.1, 75.5,
72.3, 69.8, 59.4, 20.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C9H12NaO6 239.0532; Found
239.0530.
Compound 25: To a stirred solution of 21a (357 mg, 0.793 mmol) in pyridine (8 mL) was added DMAP
(5 mg, 0.0396 mmol) and TBSOTf (0.55 mL, 2.38 mmol) at 0 °C under argon. After stirring for 5 min, the
reaction was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by
silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 20:1) to give 25 (438 mg, 98%) as a colorless
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1172, 1091, 1040, 967, 944, 907, 869, 836, 779, 669 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 – 7.24 (m,
2H), 6.89 – 6.84 (m, 2H), 5.61 (dd, J = 4.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.52 – 4.46 (m, 2H), 4.32 – 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.17
(dd, J = 13.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.89 – 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 1.44
(s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s,9H), 0.89 (s,9H), 0.12 (s, 3H), 0.11 (s,3H), 0.09 (s,3H), 0.08 (s, 3H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.3, 135.9, 130.6, 129.4, 125.5, 113.9, 111.6, 77.9, 77.7, 72.6, 72.4, 71.2,
68.5, 55.4, 27.0, 26.9, 26.3, 26.1, 18.9, 18.4, –4.0, –4.2, –4.2, –4.3; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + H]+
calcd for C30H53O6Si2 565.3381; Found 565.3378.
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Compound 26: To a solution of 25 (429 mg, 0.76 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added PPTS (191 mg,
0.76 mmol) at room temperature. After stirring for 90 min, the reaction was evaporated under reduced
pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 6:1) to give diol 26 (387
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mg, 97%) as a colorless oil. [α]D +73.1 (c 0.54, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3445, 2954, 2931, 2890, 2857,
1613, 1586, 1514, 1467, 1389, 1361, 1300, 1251, 1174, 1135, 1092, 1037, 953, 900, 866, 835, 778, 710,
1
674 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 – 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.91 – 6.80 (m, 2H), 5.74 (dd, J = 5.0, 1.0
Hz, 1H), 4.51 – 4.43 (m, 2H), 4.23 – 4.20 (m, 2H), 4.10 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05 – 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s,
3H), 3.54 (dd, J = 9.0, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.88 (s,
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9H), 0.11 (s, 3H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.4, 137.9,
130.3, 129.5, 125.9, 114.0, 73.3, 72.9, 72.7, 72.5, 70.3, 68.1, 55.4, 26.1, 26.1, 18.4, 18.3, –3.7, –3.8, –4.3,
–4.6; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C27H48NaO6Si2 547.2887; Found 547.2884.
Compound 27: To a stirred solution of diol 26 (235 mg, 0.448 mmol) and NaHCO3 (41 mg, 0.493 mmol)
in CH2Cl2 (23 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (209 mg, 0.493 mmol) at 0 °C. The resulting
solution was stirred at 0 °C for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated Na2S2O3
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solution, stirred until clarification, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 25 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and
concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/EtOAc,
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8:1) to afford the enone 27 (229 mg, 98%) as a colorless oil. [α]D +83.7 (c 0.52, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax
3496, 2931, 2891, 2857, 1680, 1613, 1514, 1467, 1387, 1360, 1301, 1251, 1141, 1078, 1037, 967, 938,
903, 835, 779, 708, 667 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 – 7.23 (m, 2H), 6.98 (dt, J = 6.0, 1.6 Hz,
1H), 6.91 – 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.57 (dd, J = 10.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.54 – 4.47 (m, 2H), 4.38 (dd, J = 6.0, 3.2 Hz,
1H), 4.24 (ddd, J = 14.4, 1.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (dd, J = 14.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.74 (dd, J = 10.0,
3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.15 (s, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.11 (s, 3H),
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0.09 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 199.1, 159.4, 143.1, 135.6, 130.0, 129.4, 114.0, 74.9, 74.3,
72.3, 68.2, 65.7, 55.4, 26.1, 25.9, 18.5, 18.3, –3.9, –4.2, –4.4, –4.4; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+
calcd for C27H46NaO6Si2 545.2731; Found 545.2733.
Compound 28: To a solution of 27 (95 mg, 0.183 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3.7 mL) was added Et3N (38.5 µL,
0.275 mmol) and DMAP (2.2 mg, 0.0183 mmol) at room temperature. Then Ac2O (26 µL, 0.275 mmol)
was slowly added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 min, extracted
with DCM (3 × 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by
silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 12:1) to give 28 (102 mg, quant.) as a
colorless oil. [α]D18 +86.8 (c 0.60, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 2932, 2892, 2858, 1754, 1693, 1613, 1514, 1467,
1376, 1301, 1251, 1137, 1088, 1036, 967, 839, 778, 668 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 – 7.21
(m, 2H), 6.97 (dt, J = 6.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 – 6.84 (m, 2H), 5.71 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 11.6 Hz,
1H), 4.48 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (dd, J = 6.0, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (ddd, J = 14.8, 1.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.09
(dd, J = 14.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.89 (s,
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9H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.09 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 193.2, 170.2, 159.4, 141.9,
136.7, 130.1, 129.4, 114.0, 75.5, 72.8, 71.9, 68.2, 65.6, 55.4, 25.9, 25.9, 21.0, 18.3, 18.2, –3.9, –4.0, –4.5,
–4.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C29H48NaO7Si2 587.2836; Found 587.2833.
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(+)-Gabosine Q (6): To a stirred solution of 28 (89 mg, 0.159 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2.7 mL) was added TFA
(0.9 mL) and H2O (45 µL) at room temperature. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 h.
The reaction was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue followed by
flash chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 10:1) to yield (+)-6 (26 mg, 77%) as a colorless crystalline solid.
m.p. 133 – 135 ℃; [α]D16 +138.4 (c 0.23, MeOH) lit.7 [α]D21 +75.4 (c 0.42, MeOH); IR (neat) vmax 3380,
1
2925, 1736, 1691, 1378, 1233, 1097, 1049, 953, 898 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.01 (dt, J =
6.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.59 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52 – 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.25 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (dd, J =
13
15.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (dd, J = 10.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ 194.3,
172.2, 141.9, 140.5, 76.7, 71.1, 67.1, 59.3, 20.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C9H12NaO6
239.0532; Found 239.0527.
(+)-Gabosine E (7): To enone 27 (65 mg, 0.124 mmol) was added TFA (1.3 mL) and H2O (65 µL). The
solution was stirred at room temperature for 1h. Concentration of the solution followed by flash
chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 2:1) to yield (+)-7 (18 mg, 81%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 +216.8 (c 0.27,
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MeOH) lit.2 [α]D +148.0 (c 0.95, MeOH); IR (neat) vmax 3362, 2923, 2870, 1684, 1388, 1185, 1137,
1092, 1052 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 6.93 (dt, J = 5.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.51 – 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.35
(d, J = 10,0 Hz, 1H), 4.30 – 4.24 (m, 1H), 4.21 (dd, J = 15.4,1.0 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (dd, J = 10.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD) δ 199.7, 141.9, 139.9, 75.1, 73.9, 67.1, 59.5; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M +
Na]+ calcd for C7H10NaO5 197.0426; Found 197.0426.
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(-)-Gabosine I (11): To enone 20 (40 mg, 0.089 mmol) was added TFA (1 mL) and H2O (50 µL). The
solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Concentration of the solution followed by flash
chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 6:1) to yield (–)-11 (11 mg, 74%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 –140.0 (c 0.1,
MeOH) lit.2 [α]D20 –61.4 (c 1.0, MeOH); IR (neat) vmax 3380, 2924, 2871, 1678, 1432, 1201, 1123, 1066,
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1026 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 6.15 (q, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 – 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.39 – 4.30 (m,
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2H), 4.02 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (dd, J = 10.8, 8.0 Hz, 1H); C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD) δ 199.5,
167.9, 121.3, 79.4, 78.0, 73.7, 62.0; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C7H10NaO5 197.0426;
Found 197.0426.
(+)-Streptol (8): Compound 21a (80 mg, 0.177 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of TFA (1 mL) and H2O
(50 µL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Concentration of the solution
followed by purification through flash chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 4:1) to yield (+)-8 (24 mg, 77%)
as a colorless oil. [α]D17 +102.0 (c 0.23, MeOH) lit.26 [α]D20 +95.6 (c 0.45, MeOH); IR (neat) vmax 3354,
2922, 1642, 1405, 1261, 1098, 1059, 1014 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 5.84 – 5.80 (m, 1H), 4.25
– 4.12 (m, 3H), 3.99 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J = 10.0, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J = 10.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ 144.1, 122.9, 74.1, 73.8, 72.6, 67.6, 62.9; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M +
Na]+ calcd for C7H12NaO5 199.0582; Found 199.0580.
Compound 29: To a stirred solution of 20 (155 mg, 0.345 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (26 mL) and phosphate
buffer (pH = 7.2, 2.6 mL) was added DDQ (235 mg, 1.036 mmol) at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was
stirred for 12 h at 0 °C. The separated organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and
saturated aqueous Na2S2O3 (1:1), water and brine successively. The organic layer was concentrated by
rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (petroleum
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ether/EtOAc, 3:1) to yield 29 (100 mg, 88%) as a white solid. m.p. 73 – 75 ℃; [α]D –42.6 (c 0.86,
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CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3447, 2933, 2857, 1684, 1618, 1468, 1380, 1229, 1147, 1114, 1047, 970, 918, 888,
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842, 781 cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.00 (dd, J = 4.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1H),
4.45 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (ddt, J = 8.8, 2.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J = 11.0,
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8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 1H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.18 (s, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H); C NMR
(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 197.7, 159.9, 122.5, 112.9, 82.5, 78.3, 75.9, 61.3, 26.9, 26.6, 25.9, 18.8, –4.5, –5.1;
HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C16H28NaO5Si 351.1604; Found 351.1608.
Compound 30: To a stirred solution of 29 (120 mg, 0.365 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (8 mL) was added pyridine
(44 µL, 0.548 mmol) and DMAP (4.5 mg, 0.0365 mmol) at 0 °C. Then Ac2O (52 µL, 0.548 mmol) was
slowly added dropwise at the same temperature. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30
min, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 × 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was
purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 8:1) to give 30 (130 mg, 96%) as a
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white solid. m.p. 48 – 49 ℃; [α]D –57.4 (c 0.34, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 2988, 2933, 2889, 2857, 1753,
1693, 1624, 1473, 1377, 1226, 1149, 1115, 1080, 1049, 969, 891, 843, 781, 675 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 5.91 (dd, J = 4.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.37 – 4.32 (m, 1H), 4.18 (d, J = 11.2 Hz,
1H), 3.80 (dd, J = 11.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.18 (s, 3H),
0.12 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 197.2, 170.2, 155.0, 123.1, 112.9, 82.4, 78.2, 75.5, 61.1, 26.9,
26.6, 25.9, 20.8, 18.8, –4.5, –5.1; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C18H30NaO6Si 393.1709;
Found 393.1710.
(-)-Gabosine G (10): To 30 (130 mg, 0.351 mmol) was added TFA (3 mL) and H2O (0.15 mL). The
solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Concentration of the solution followed by flash
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chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 10:1) to yield (–)-10 (55 mg, 72%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 –71.0 (c 0.40,
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MeOH) lit.27 [α]D –41.8 (c 1.34, MeOH); IR (neat) vmax 3380, 2925, 1742, 1685, 1426, 1373, 1230,
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1122, 1053, 915, 886 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 6.00 (q, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.98(dt, J = 17.2, 1.6
Hz 1H), 4.90(dt, J = 17.2, 1.6 Hz 1H) (part of the peak was obscured by the solvent peak), 4.43 – 4.38 (m,
1H), 4.04 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (dd, J = 10.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD)
δ 199.1, 171.9, 161.5, 122.5, 79.3, 78.0, 73.5, 63.7, 20.6; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for
C9H12NaO6 239.0532; Found 239.0534.
Compound 31: To a solution of 30 (140 mg, 0.378 mmol) in MeOH (3.8 mL) was added CeCl3·7H2O
(168 mg, 0.453 mmol) at 0 °C. After stirring at 0 °C for 30 min, NaBH4 (20 mg, 0.567 mmol) was added.
The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min, quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, evaporated under
reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 8:1) on silica gel
to give 31 (114 mg, 81%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 –41.1 (c 0.36, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3473, 2987, 2932,
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2892, 2857, 1746, 1466, 1376, 1230, 1175, 1107, 1073, 1001, 900, 841, 781, 668 cm-1; H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.53 (tt, J = 2.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.73 – 4.62 (m, 2H), 4.34 – 4.26 (m, 1H), 4.22 – 4.16 (m,
1H), 3.95 (dd, J = 10.8, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (dd, J = 10.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.10 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.09 (s, 3H),
1.42 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 170.6, 134.1, 125.3,
111.6, 80.2, 77.7, 77.6, 76.4, 62.3, 26.8, 26.6, 26.0, 21.0, 18.4, –4.2, –4.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M +
Na]+ calcd for C18H32NaO6Si 395.1866; Found 395.1867.
(-)-Gabosine K (12): To a stirred solution of 31 (60 mg, 0.161 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3.2 mL) was added TFA
(220 µL) and H2O (55 µL) at room temperature. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 11 h.
The reaction was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue followed by
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flash chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH, 8:1) to yield (–)-12 (26 mg, 75%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 –61.9 (c
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0.27, MeOH) lit.28 [α]D –47.9 (c 0.52, MeOH); IR (neat) vmax 3380, 2898, 1732, 1375, 1255, 1172,
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1066, 1032, 968 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 5.60 (m, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (d, J
= 12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 – 4.04 (m, 2H), 3.46 – 3.33 (m, 2H) ( part of the peak was obscured by the MeOH
peak), 2.07 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ 171.1, 134.8, 127.4, 76.1, 75.7, 72.1, 71.6, 63.4, 19.4;
HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C9H14NaO6 241.0688; Found 241.0690..
Compound 32: To a stirred solution of 14 (812 mg, 1.74 mmol) in THF (35 mL) was added TBAF (1 M
in THF, 1.92 mL, 1.92 mmol) at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 25 min at 0 °C before
saturated aqueous NH4Cl (5 mL) and EtOAc (35 mL) were added. The phases were separated and the
aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 35 mL). After the organic layer was concentrated under
reduced pressure, the residue was purified by flash chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 2:1) to yield
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diol 32 (570 mg, 93%) as a colorless oil. [α]D –19.3 (c 0.30, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3462, 2987, 2930,
1725, 1612, 1586, 1514, 1460, 1377, 1301, 1245, 1175, 1085, 962, 899, 847, 779, 735, 704 cm-1; 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.26 – 7.19 (m, 2H), 6.93 – 6.84 (m, 2H), 4.53 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (d, J = 11.6
Hz, 1H), 4.29 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.00 – 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s,
1H), 3.48 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (d, J = 16.0 Hz,
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1H), 2.42 (s, 1H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 206.2, 159.6, 129.6, 129.5,
114.0, 112.8, 77.9, 77.4, 77.4, 73.3, 72.7, 71.6, 55.4, 45.9, 27.3, 26.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+
calcd for C18H24NaO7 375.1420; Found 375.1422.
Compound 33: To a stirred solution of diol 32 (523 mg, 1.48 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (30 mL) was added Et3N
(311 µL, 2.23 mmol) and DMAP (9 mg, 0.0742 mmol) at 0 °C. Then BzCl (205 µL, 1.78 mmol) was
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slowly added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h, extracted with DCM (3 × 30 mL), dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography
(petroleum ether/EtOAc, 4:1) to give 33 (664 mg, 98%) as a colorless oil. [α]D17 +24.2 (c 0.60, CHCl3); IR
(neat) vmax 3477, 3065, 2988, 2932, 2863, 1741, 1609, 1585, 1513, 1455, 1378, 1275, 1176, 1074, 1033,
847, 780, 711, 672 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.14 – 8.08 (m, 2H), 7.60 – 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.46 –
7.42 (m, 2H), 7.28 – 7.22 (m, 2H) (part of the peak was obscured by the solvent peak), 6.94 – 6.83 (m,
2H), 5.65 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (dd, J = 11.6, 9.6
Hz, 1H), 4.17 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.51 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (d,
J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (s, 1H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 199.0, 165.7, 159.6, 133.5, 130.2, 129.6, 129.5, 129.4, 128.4, 114.0, 112.9, 78.6, 78.5, 74.0, 73.3,
72.7, 71.1, 55.4, 47.1, 27.2, 26.8; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C25H28NaO8 479.1682;
Found 479.1679.
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Compound 34: To a solution of 33 (532 mg, 1.17 mmol) in THF (23 mL) was added freshly prepared
Burgess reagent (597 mg, 2.34 mmol) at room temperature. Then the reaction mixture was refluxed at
70 °C for 20 min, extracted with EtOAc (3 × 20mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 4:1) to give enone 34
(506 mg, 99%) as a colorless oil. [α]D18 +6.2 (c 0.50, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3066, 2988, 2929, 2856, 1731,
1689, 1613, 1514, 1452, 1378, 1344, 1271, 1248, 1176, 1148, 1100, 1074, 1032, 968, 927, 830, 776, 710
cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.11 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 2H), 7.60 – 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.45 (t, J = 7.6Hz, 2H),
7.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.25 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62
13
– 4.49 (m, 3H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 4.16 (dd, J = 11.4, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H); C
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NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 191.9, 165.7, 159.6, 158.5, 133.5, 130.3, 129.5, 129.4, 129.4, 128.5, 122.8,
114.1, 113.6, 79.2, 77.0, 76.1, 73.1, 66.8, 55.4, 26.7, 26.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for
C25H26NaO7 461.1576; Found 461.1575.
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Compound 35: To a stirred solution of enone 34 (574 mg, 1.31 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (130 mL) and phosphate
buffer (pH = 7.2, 13 mL) was added DDQ (892 mg, 3.93 mmol) at 0 °C. Then the resulting mixture was
stirred for 9 h at room temperature. The separated organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 and saturated aqueous Na2S2O3 (1:1), water and brine successively. The organic layer was
concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash
chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 2:1) to yield 35 (371 mg, 89%) as a yellow-green crystalline
solid. m.p. 139 – 141 ℃; [α]D18 +14.8 (c 0.43, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3459, 3067, 2989, 2933, 1731, 1688,
1617, 1452, 1381, 1323, 1272, 1230, 1177, 1147, 1098, 1064, 969, 919, 843, 767, 711, 646 cm-1; 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.11 (dt, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.61 – 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.48 – 7.42 (m, 2H), 6.16 (dd, J =
4.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.73 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 – 4.58 (m, 2H), 4.54 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (dd, J =
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11.8, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (s, 1H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H); C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 192.0, 165.8,
160.4, 133.6, 130.3, 129.3, 128.5, 122.4, 113.8, 79.3, 77.1, 76.3, 61.2, 26.8, 26.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z
[M + Na]+ calcd for C17H18NaO6 341.1001; Found 341.1004.
Compound 36: To a stirred solution of 35 (80 mg, 0.251 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (6 mL) was added DIPEA (66
µL, 0.377 mmol) and DMAP (3.1 mg, 0.0251 mmol) at 0 °C. Then BzCl (35 µL, 0.302 mmol) was slowly
added dropwise at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, quenched with saturated
aqueous NaHCO3, extracted with DCM (3 × 10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 8:1) to give 36 (80 mg,
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75%) as a colorless oil. [α]D –24.6 (c 0.17, CHCl3); IR (neat) vmax 3066, 2988, 2928, 1729, 1692, 1623,
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1602, 1585, 1492, 1451, 1378, 1315, 1270, 1226, 1176, 1149, 1103, 1027, 971, 931, 839, 803, 775, 710
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cm-1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.18 – 8.06 (m, 4H), 7.69 – 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.54 – 7.38 (m, 4H), 6.17
(dd, J = 4.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 5.33 – 5.27 (m, 1H), 5.27 – 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.69 (dd, J
= 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J = 11.8, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 1.55 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 191.8, 165.7, 155.9, 133.8, 133.6, 130.3, 129.9, 129.3, 129.2, 128.8, 128.5, 122.9, 114.0, 79.2, 77.0, 76.0,
61.4, 26.8, 26.7; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C24H22NaO7 445.1263; Found 445.1260.
(-)-Uvamalol A (9): To a solution of 36 (37 mg, 0.0877 mmol) in MeOH (1.7 mL) was added
CeCl3·7H2O (39 mg, 0.105 mmol) at 0 °C. After stirring at 0 °C for 30 min, NaBH4 (5 mg, 0.132 mmol)
was added at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred for 5 min, quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl,
evaporated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc,
6:1) on silica gel to give the mixture of two diastereoisomers. The mixture (34 mg, 0.08 mmol) was
dissolved in MeOH (1 mL), and PPTS was added (20 mg, 0.08 mmol) at room temperature. After stirring
for 10 h, the reaction was evaporated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column
chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 1:1) to give (–)-9 (24 mg, 72% over two steps) as a white
powder. m.p. 136 – 138 ℃; [α]D –73.7 (c 0.30, MeOH) lit.9 [α]D –78.0 (c 0.24, MeOH); IR (neat)
vmax 3413, 2922, 1713, 1602, 1449, 1274, 1177, 1114, 1069, 1022, 963, 858, 805, 710 cm-1; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.16 – 8.03 (m, 4H), 7.65 – 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.53 – 7.45 (m, 4H), 5.81 (brs, 1H), 5.22 (dd, J
= 10.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 13.6Hz, 1H) (part of the peak was obscured by
the solvent peak), 4.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (dd, J = 10.8, 8.0 Hz, 1H); 13C
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NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ 168.00, 167.6, 136.8, 134.4, 134.1, 131.8, 131.4, 130.8, 130.6, 129.7, 129.4,
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128.6, 78.7, 75.8, 73.6, 71.0, 65.1; HRMS (ESI - TOF) m/z [M + Na]+ calcd for C21H20NaO7 407.1107;
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Found 407.1103.
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Associated Content
Supporting Information
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Copies of H and C NMR spectral data. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at
http://pubs.acs.org.
Author Information
Corresponding Author
*E-mail: chenxc@scu.edu.cn
Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21172153,
21321061). We thank the Comprehensive Training Platform of Specialized Laboratory, College of
Chemistry, Sichuan University, as well as Prof. Xiaoming Feng group for spectral data measurement.
References and Footnotes
(1) (a) Das, M.; Manna, K. Curr. Bioact. Compd. 2015, 11, 239–248. (b) Vogel, P. Chimia 2001, 55,
359–365. (c) Arjona, O.; Gómez, A. M.; López, J. C.; Plumet, J. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1919−2036. (d)
Marco-Contelles, J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 2001, 1607−1618. (e) Mahmud, T. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2003,
20, 137−166. (f) Witte, M.; Kallemeijn, W. W.; Aten, J.; Li, K.-Y.; Strijland, A.; Donker-Koopman,
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