Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)

Article abstract of DOI:10.1515/chem-2019-0108

The titled compound 1,4-diazacycloheptane have vibrational freedom which allows it to coordinate to metal through 1^st and 4^th positions. Copper (II) and Nickel (II) complexes of DACH were prepared and characterized through UV-Visible, FT-IR, elemental analyses, conductance, and magnetic susceptibilities and compared to the results published in Inorg. Chem., 8(3), 528 (1969). The prepared complexes bearing different coordinating or non-coordinating anions were screened against four different pathogenic bacterial strains to study anionic effect on antibacterial activity. The MIC values of all the compounds suggest that [Cu(DACH)₂Br₂] is almost inactive against the tested microbes except Staph aureus. Rest of the metal complexes are active at their respective MIC values.

Full text of DOI:10.1515/chem-2019-0108

Open Chem., 2019; 17: 936–942
Research Article
Sadia Rehman, Muhammad Ikram*, Fazle Subhan, Mutasem Sinnokrot*, Waliullah Khan
Antibacterial Activities of Transition
Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine
1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0108
received August 4, 2018; accepted March 26, 2019.
membered diamines and has already been reported with
complexes of palladium (II) and iridium(II) [10,11].The ring
Abstract: The titled compound 1,4-diazacycloheptane strain plays a crucial role in complex formation reactions,
have vibrational freedom which allows it to coordinate therefore, piperazine cannot form chelated bicyclic
st
th
to metal through 1 and 4 positions. Copper (II) and complexes with the smaller transition metal ions such as
Nickel (II) complexes of DACH were prepared and copper(II) and nickel(II). Thereby, ring strain has been
characterized through UV-Visible, FT-IR, elemental decreased by introducing additional methylene groups
analyses, conductance, and magnetic susceptibilities and between the amine functions. Nickel (II) and copper (II)
compared to the results published in Inorg. Chem., 8(3), were hence chelated by 1,4-diazacycloheptane (dach) and
528 (1969). The prepared complexes bearing different 1,5-diazacyclooctane (daco) [12], where the former is cyclic
coordinating or non-coordinating anions were screened seven membered and the latter is eight membered cyclic
against four different pathogenic bacterial strains to study diamine [13]. Structure of DACH is shown in Figure 1.
anionic effect on antibacterial activity. The MIC values of
The metal complexation of ligands containing
all the compounds suggest that [Cu(DACH) Br ] is almost oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur have been coordinated with
2
2
inactive against the tested microbes except Staph aureus. metals like copper, zinc, cobalt and iron, showing
Rest of the metal complexes are active at their respective enhanced antihypertensive, antimalarial, antimicrobial
MIC values.
properties. The complexes of the transition metal ions
have been found as efficient electron transfer agents in
many biological processes [14-18]. They are also acting
as promoters for oxygen transport reaction [19-23]. Here
in this paper we are reporting the biological activities of
these complexes using minimum inhibitory concentration
method in continuation of the work reported earlier [24-
Keywords: 1,4-diazacycloheptane, Coordination
complexes, bioassay, minimum inhibitory concentration
1
Introduction
2
7].
Acyclic molecules containing the linkage -N(CH )N- have
2
been exploited as multidentate ligands for transition
metal ions where it coordinates as multidentate ligand.
Their chemistry offers a wide range of applications in
various fields of chemistry [1-9]. The chemistry of the cyclic
diamines is still far off. Piperazine is one of the cyclic six-
HN
NH
*
Corresponding authors: Muhammad Ikram, Department of
Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan,
E-mail: ikram@awkum.edu.pk; Mutasem Sinnokrot, Department of
Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Petroleum institute,
Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 2533 UAE,
E-mail: Mutasem.sinnokrot@ku.ac.ae
Sadia Rehman, Fazle Subhan, Waliullah Khan, Department of
Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Figure 1: Structure of1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH).
Open Access. © 2019 Sadia Rehman et al., published by De Gruyter.
Attribution alone 4.0 License.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
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Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
ꢀ937
2
Experimental
the reference and blank solutions were subtracted from
the activities of the metal complexes. The reference used
were the corresponding metal salts.
2
.1 Instrumentation
In the agar well diffusion method, six wells were dug
in sided agar and one at the center, 20 µL solutions of six
different concentrations were introduced into these wells.
At the center well solution of maxipime was introduced as
control drug. After 24 h, diameter of the zone of inhibition
was measured in mm. The zone of inhibition of complexes
are compared with zone of inhibition for control drug and
results were interpreted accordingly.
PYE UNICAM Infrared Spectrophotometer was used for
recording the far IR spectra by making the KBr discs of
the sample. The absorption spectra of the complexes
were measured by Jasco DEC-1 Spectrophotometer in the
range of 200-900 nm. The near IR region i.e. 400-200
-
1
-1
cm and far IR 400-4000 cm has been recorded with
FT-IR SHIMADZU. The Molar conductance of the metal
complexes was measured by preparing their solutions and
recording their conductivity using conductivity meter type
HI-8333. Magnetic susceptibilities of the metal complexes
were measured by Gouy method at room temperature
2
.3 Synthesis of piperazine 1,4-diazacyclo-
heptane (DACH)
with Hg[Co(SCN) ] as reference [27]. Elemental analyses
4
The solution of dibromopropane (10 mmol) was stirred
at room temperature in dry ethanol for 10 min. Ethylene
diammine (10 mmol) was added to this solution and
continued stirring for an hour.
The reaction mixture was further refluxed after the
addition of Solid KOH (0.009mol) till the appearance of
white precipitates of KBr, which was then filtered off. The
filtrate containing DACH [26], was solidified using rotary
evaporator.
were determined with Carloerba Model 1106 CHNS
analyzer. The cations and anions were estimated by
following different analytical procedures [28]. Melting
points of the synthesized samples were recorded using
Gallenkamp apparatus and reported as such without
further corrections.
2
.2 Agar Diffusion method
In this method, bacterial culture suspensions are
inoculated on the surface of assay agar medium (base
layer). The holes were used as a reservoir for compound
or antibiotics. The sample to be tested present in the
reservoir come into contact with inoculated medium
2
.4 Synthesis of Metal Complexes
-
{
M(DACH) X where M = Ni(II) or Cu(II) and X
2
2
-
-
-
- 31
=
C1 , Br , NO , or ClO }
3
4
Dehydration of the copper (II) or nickel (II) salts was
achieved by adding 10-15 ml of 2,2- dimethoxypropane
o
and after overnight incubation at 37 C, the plates were
observed for the zone of inhibition surrounding the
reservoir. The zone of inhibition is the clear area around
the reservoir, showing the inhibition of the microorganism
by the diffused substances through the agar. The diameter
of the clear zone around the reservoir (zone of inhibition)
was measured. However, if the sample to be tested is
ineffective, then no zone of inhibition will develop. The
antibiotic effects of the complexes were measured by Agar
well diffusion method.
[
24-26]. The resulting solution was stirred for 30 min. After
complete dehydration the solution was filtered and 10-12
ml of anhydrous ethanol was added to it. Excess of the
DACH ligand dissolved in dry diethyl ether was added
in drops with vigorous stirring to the metal ion solution.
Either the complexes were precipitated immediately or
they have been precipitated by suction. The solid product
was washed several times with copious ether-ethanol
mixture. The compound was dried initially in a vacuum
For the biological activities, certain solutions of the
desiccator and kept in vacuum line for 5-6 hrs. set at
6
complexes were prepared in a solvent. like [Cu(DACH) ]Br2.
2
o
0-65 C for complete dryness.
The [Cu(DACH) ]Br was dissolved in DMF and referenced
2
2
with DMF, [Cu(DACH) ](ClO ) was dissolved in methanol
2
4 2
and referenced with methanol, and [Ni(DACH) ]Cl and
2
2
[
Ni(DACH) ](NO ) were dissolved in water and referenced 3 Results and Discussion
2
3 2
with water. The bacterial strains selected include
Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa The ligand was analyzed by elemental analysis, NMR
and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The activities obtained for and mass spectrum, whereas, the complexes were
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9
38ꢀ
Sadia Rehman et al.
Table 1: Analytical data of metal complexes of DACH.
Complex
Color
Dec. Pt /oC
% C
% H
% N
% Cation
% Anion
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) ] Brꢁ
Purple
ꢂꢃꢄ
ꢁꢃ.ꢅꢄ
ꢇ.ꢇꢇ (ꢇ.ꢈꢉ)
ꢂꢆ.ꢊꢆ
ꢂꢇ.ꢊꢉ
ꢆꢄ.ꢉꢂ
ꢁ
(
ꢁꢃ.ꢆꢇ)*
(ꢂꢆ.ꢁꢆ)
(ꢂꢇ.ꢊꢊ)
(ꢆꢄ.ꢄꢁ)
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO )
Maroon
Yellow
Yellow
ꢁꢆꢄ
---
ꢁꢇ.ꢉꢇ
ꢁꢇ.ꢈꢉ)
ꢇ.ꢁꢉ (ꢇ.ꢁꢂ)
ꢄ.ꢁꢉ (ꢄ.ꢆꢊ)
ꢇ.ꢃꢅ (ꢈ.ꢆꢂ)
ꢂꢂ.ꢉꢄ
(ꢂꢁ.ꢂꢂ)
ꢂꢆ.ꢅꢆ
(ꢂꢆ.ꢄꢆ)
---
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
(
Ni(DACH) ] C ꢁ
ꢆꢇ.ꢁꢄ
ꢆꢈ.ꢆꢉ)
ꢂꢄ.ꢊꢇ
(ꢂꢈ.ꢉꢃ)
ꢂꢄ.ꢉꢃ
(ꢂꢄ.ꢄꢉ)
ꢁꢂ.ꢁꢊ
(ꢁꢂ.ꢅꢉ)
ꢁ
l
(
Ni(DACH) ] (NO ꢁ
---
ꢆꢂ.ꢉꢄ
ꢆꢂ.ꢆꢈ)
ꢁꢁ.ꢊꢁ
(ꢁꢂ.ꢉꢅ)
ꢂꢇ.ꢆꢊ
(ꢂꢇ.ꢆꢁ)
---
ꢁ
ꢆ)
(
*calculated values
Table 2: Molar conductance and magnetic susceptibilities of metal (ii) complexes with DACH.
ꢀ
-ꢁ
-ꢁ
Cor ꢁ0-6 χM, cgsu
Complex
Molar Conducatnce, cm ohm mol
µeff, BM
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) ]Brꢁ
ꢂꢉ
ꢂꢇꢇꢆ
ꢂꢇꢅꢅ
----
ꢂ.ꢉꢁ
ꢁ
Cu(DACH) ](ClO )
ꢂꢅꢈ
ꢂꢁꢆ
ꢂꢅꢈ
ꢂ.ꢉꢁ
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ]Clꢁ
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ](NO )
ꢆ ꢁ
----
ꢁ
Table 3: Electronic absorption values for DACH complexes.
u (cm-ꢁ
)
x (dm /mol. cm)
ꢂ
Comments
Complex
Solvent
λmax, nm
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) Br ]
CH NO
ꢈꢂꢊ
ꢇꢊꢇ
ꢅꢁꢇ
ꢅꢁꢇ
ꢂꢈ,ꢇꢊꢊ
ꢂꢉ,ꢃꢊꢊ
ꢁꢆ,ꢇꢊꢊ
ꢁꢆ,ꢇꢇꢊ
ꢁꢂꢅ
ꢆꢊꢅ
ꢂꢊꢊ
ꢂꢊꢊ
d-d
ꢁ
ꢁ
ꢆ
ꢆ
ꢆ
ꢆ
ꢆ
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO ꢁ
CH NO
d-d
ꢁ
ꢅ)
ꢆ
ꢂ
ꢂ
Ni(DACH) ] Clꢁ
CH NO
A → A
ꢁ
ꢆ
ꢂg
ꢁg
ꢂ ꢂ
A → A
ꢂg
Ni(DACH) ] (NO )
CH NO
ꢁ
ꢆ
ꢁ
ꢆ
ꢁg
characterized using elemental analysis [28], conductance,
magnetic susceptibilities, IR, and electronic spectroscopic
techniques [11,12]. Elemental analytical data is given in
Table 1, which show the composition of the synthesized
complexes.
NH
NH
HN
2+
M
Conductance and magnetic susceptibilities are given
in Table 2. Conductance values show electrolytic nature
of the complexes except [Cu(DACH) Br ] which is non
HN
2
2
electrolyte in nature [30].Conductance values also confirm
the bonding nature of anions in all the synthesized
complexes.
Figure 2: Structure of DACH complexes.
The characteristic bands in the infrared spectra (4000-
-
1
4
00cm ) of metal complexes are listed in Table 4. The
N-H frequency is altered and moved to higher frequency
region suggesting coordination through the two aza-sites
of attachment as shown in Figure 2. Metal anion bands are
also observed and reported.
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Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
ꢀ939
Table 4: Assignment of IR bands for complexes of DACH.
-
ꢁ
-ꢁ
-ꢁ
-ꢁ
-ꢁ
Complex
ʋ (cm )
ʋ (cm )
C-C
ʋ (cm )
ʋ (cm )
ʋ (cm )
C-H
C-N
N-H
M-X
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) ]Brꢁ
ꢁꢉꢆꢊm
ꢁꢉꢆꢊm
ꢁꢉꢆꢊm
ꢁꢉꢆꢊm
ꢂꢅꢁꢊm
ꢂꢅꢁꢊm
ꢂꢅꢁꢊm
ꢂꢅꢁꢊm
ꢁꢂꢈꢊ
ꢁꢁꢊꢊ
ꢁꢂꢅꢊ
ꢁꢂꢅꢊ
ꢆꢁꢁꢊm
ꢆꢁꢁꢊm
ꢆꢁꢇꢊm
ꢆꢁꢆꢊm
ꢅꢊꢊ
ꢁ
Cu(DACH) ](ClO )
ꢈꢇꢊs
ꢅꢊꢊ
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ]Clꢁ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ](NO )
ꢆ ꢁ
ꢈꢇꢊs
ꢁ
s = small, m = medium
ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions. Whereas, the
band at 500-510 nm was assigned to the forbidden crystal
field transitions occurring in the 3d levels. The band at 500
nm reveals the inseparable individual d-d transitions. The
UV-visible spectrum of the [Cu(DACH) ] (ClO ) complex
2
4 2
in weakly coordinating solvent like nitromethane also
reveal the same absorption band at 505 nm but the other
bands in lower region of the spectrum were not observed
owing to the absorption of the solvent. Similarly, the
[
Cu(DACH) Br ] complex show only an absorption peak at
2 2
6
10nm greater by 105nm from the absorption shown by
[
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO ) and hence was assigned octahedral
2 4 2
geometry unlike the square planar geometry for the
[
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO ) [29]. The data is presented in Table. 3.
2 4 2
Figure 3: Crystal field splitting diagram for Ni(DACH)22+.
3
.3 Antimicrobial Activities
3
.1 Nickel Complexes
Metalcomplexationimpartsignificanteffectsonbiological
The yellow Ni(DACH) 2+ complexes are diamagnetic activities. The metal complexes of the same nature have
2
showing a planar coordination geometry in its solid state. been reported with enhanced biological activity [31].
The spectral properties of the nickel complex both in solid The antibacterial potency have been enhanced upon
and solution states are essentially invariant suggesting complexation as compared to neat ligand, thus opening
the square planar geometry. However, in coordinating new avenues in the fight against antibiotic resistance [31].
solvents the yellow color of the complex fades indicating Therefore, the antibacterial activities of complexes were
slow decomposition. From Figure 3 it becomes apparent tested against selected pathogenic bacterial strains like
that the electronic excitation energy is 2.9 eV. Electronic E.coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonae and S. aureus and
absorption values are given in Table 3, which suggests compared with standard drug maxipime.
square planar geometry for nickel complexes.
Table 5 shows zone of inhibition of all the metal
complexes against E. coli. At lower concentration, no
inhibition zone was found, whereas at concentrations
like 100 µg/20 µL and 120 µg/20 µL all the synthesized
metal complexes shown low inhibitory zones varying in
3
.2 Copper Complexes
The behavior of copper (II) can be examined by the range 2.0-3.0 mm in comparison to 10.6 mm zone of
2+
comparing visible absorption spectra of Cu(daco) and inhibition for maxipime. Literature reveals that metal ions,
2
2+
Cu(DACH) complexes. The spectrum of [Cu(daco) ] geometry around metal ions and the counter ions impart
2
2
(
ClO ) both in water and nitromethane are similar. It has great deal of effect on the inhibition of bacterial activities.
4 2
been observed with two charge-transfer bands in regions The results for E. coli show that copper perchlorate and
2
40-255 nm and 280-300 nm which were assigned to nickel chloride complexes are found to be moderately
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9
4ꢃꢀ
Sadia Rehman et al.
Table 5: Results of antibacterial activity of the coordination complexes of DACH against Escherichia coli.
Compound
Inhibition zone
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢄ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for 60
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢅ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁ00
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
(
mm) for ꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) Br ]
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ
ꢁ
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO )
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] Clꢁ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] (NO )
ꢆ ꢁ
ꢁ
Maxipime
ꢁꢂ.ꢁ
Table ꢆ: Results of antibacterial activity of the coordination complexes of DACH against Pseudomonas aeroginosa.
Compound
Inhibition zone
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢄ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for 60
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢅ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁ00
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
(
mm) for ꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) Br ]
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢂ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢇ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢇ.ꢊ
ꢇ.ꢊ
ꢁꢇ.ꢁ
ꢁ
ꢁ
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO )
ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢂ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢇ.ꢊ
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] Clꢁ
ꢊ.ꢊ
ꢊ.ꢊ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] (NO )
ꢆ ꢁ
ꢁ
Maxipime
active at higher concentrations in comparison to copper
bromide and nickel nitrate complexes. The reason may be Tables 5-8 that complexes of copper perchlorates and
attributed to geometries and presence of counter ions. nickel chloride are moderately active against the tested
Overall, it may be revealed from the data given in
Table 6 shows that complexes show almost no bacterial strains while the complexes in which the anions
inhibition at lower concentration against P. aeruginosa. are either bromide or nitrate show no activity/weak
Intermediate zone of inhibition (1.0-5.0 mm) were observed activities against one or more bacterial strains. The results
for copper perchlorate, nickel chloride and nickel for antibacterial activities show that the complexes inhibit
nitrate complexes. [Cu(DACH) Br ] show weak activity at bacterial growth significantly different from each other.
2
2
higher concentrations. The activities may be due to the These differences may be attributed to anion variation. It
geometries of the complexes. [Cu(DACH) Br ] was found was already shown [11,12] that the decomposition behavior
2
2
octahedral in comparison to planar structures of the other and the formation constants of these complexes vary due
complexes. The standard drug maxipime shown 12.6mm to the presence of different anions. Also, the behavior of
zone of inhibition.
these complexes for the pyramidal geometry formation is
In case of the activities of all the synthesized metal varying due to anions presence.
complexes against K. pneumonae, it has been observed
It has been suggested earlier that the oxidation state
that all the metal complexes show intermediate and apparent charge of the metal ion affects the biological
inhibition zone at higher concentration (Table 7) except activities. The apparent charge of the metal ion is partially
the [Cu(DACH) Br ]. Zone of inhibition for maxipime as shared with the donor ligands resulting in electron
2
2
positive control was 9.2 mm. Therefore, it can be assigned delocalization over the whole chelate system including
that all the metal complexes derived from DACH are the counter anions, thereby effectively influencing the
behaving similarly when tested for biological activities P. solubility of the metal complex [32].It has been seen earlier
aeruginosa and K. pneumonae.
that chelation make the ligands more powerful and potent
Table 8 shows that at higher concentrations all the bactericidal agents in comparison to either the metal ion
complexes showed intermediate inhibitory zones for S. or the uncoordinated ligand. The factors like solubility,
aureus (upto 5.0 mm) compared with maxipime as positive conductivity, dipole moment and cell permeability are
control (11.2 mm).
also responsible for enhancing the biological activity [32].
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Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
ꢀ941
Table 7: Results of Antibacterial activity of the coordination complexes of DACH against Klesbiella pneumonae.
Compound
Inhibition zone
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢄ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for 60
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢅ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁ00
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
(
mm) for ꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) Br ]
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ
ꢁ
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO )
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢂꢃ.ꢅ
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] Clꢁ
ꢊ.ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] (NO )
ꢆ ꢁ
ꢁ
Maxipime
Table 8: Results of Antibacterial activity of the coordination complexes of DACH against Staphylococcus aureus.
Compound
Inhibition zone Inhibition zone
Inhibition zone
(mm) for 60
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢅ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁ00
µg/ꢀ0µL
Inhibition zone
(mm) for ꢁꢀ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
(
mm) for ꢀ0
(mm) for ꢄ0
µg/ꢀ0µL
µg/ꢀ0µL
[
[
[
[
Cu(DACH) Br ]
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢂ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢁ.ꢊ
ꢆ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢅ.ꢊ
ꢇ.ꢊ
ꢁꢁ.ꢅ
ꢁ
ꢁ
Cu(DACH) ] (ClO )
ꢂ.ꢊ
ꢂ.ꢊ
ꢂ.ꢊ
ꢁ
ꢅ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] Clꢁ
ꢁ
Ni(DACH) ] (NO )
ꢆ ꢁ
ꢁ
Maxipime
In conclusion the copper and nickel complexes containing [2] Irving H., Griffiths J. M. M., et al., The stabilities of complexes
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4
Conclusion
[
It was found that anions presence which may be even
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copper are much more active against pathogenic bacteria
as compared to bromide complex. Similarly, chloride
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[
[
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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