Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases p. 453 - 466 (1983)
Update date:2022-08-11
Topics:
Moller, Bernard W.
Kemball, Charles
Leach, H. Frank
Reactions involving 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene (I), 2,3-dimethylbut-1-ene (II) and 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene (III), including isomerization and exchange with D2 or D2O, have been studied on zinc-exchanged and nickel-exchanged X-type zeolites.The effect of various pretreatments (with hydrogen, carbon monoxide or oxygen) was examined with NiX (21percent exchanged) which, unlike the ZnX zeolites, was a catalyst for the hydrogenation of the C6 alkenes.The acid-catalysed isomerization of I (to II and III) occured on both ZnX and NiX and the activity of the zeolites increased sharply with M2+ ion content.With ZnX(21) or NiX(21) inclusion of H2O or D2O (which gave exchanged products) in the reaction mixture enhanced the rate of isomerization of I, presumably by the creation of more Bronsted acidity.Hydrogenation activity was found only with NiX and was attributed to the reduction of some of the accessible Ni2+ ions by the alkene + hydrogen mixture to Ni+ or possibly Ni0.Treatment with carbon monoxide or oxygen demonstrated the dual-function behaviour of NiX(21), not influencing the acidic catalysis but inhibiting almost completely the hydrogenation activity.
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