Modification of platinum nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon and activated carbon with a new chelating agent for solid phase extraction of some metal ions

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.057

The present study as simple and efficient is based on application of platinum nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon (Pt-NP-AC) which characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. Pt-NP-AC and activated carbon (AC) that efficiently modified by impregnation of new c

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.057

Modification of platinum nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon and
activated carbon with a new chelating agent for solid phase extraction of some
metal ions
M. Ghaedi, H. Noormohamadi, A. Asfaram, M. Montazerozohori, J.
Tashkhourian, M. Soylak
PII:
DOI:
Reference:
S0167-7322(15)31092-8
doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.057
MOLLIQ 5964
To appear in:
Journal of Molecular Liquids
Received date:
Revised date:
Accepted date:
21 November 2015
16 May 2016
3 June 2016
Please cite this article as: M. Ghaedi, H. Noormohamadi, A. Asfaram, M. Montazerozo-
hori, J. Tashkhourian, M. Soylak, Modification of platinum nanoparticles loaded on acti-
vated carbon and activated carbon with a new chelating agent for solid phase extraction
of some metal ions, Journal of Molecular Liquids (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.057
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Modification of platinum nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon and
activated carbon with a new chelating agent for solid phase extraction of
some metal ions
M. Ghaedi*a, H. Noormohamadi b, A. Asfaram b, M. Montazerozohori a, J. Tashkhourian c, M.
Soylak d
a Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran
b Chemistry Department, Firozabad Azad University, Firozabad 117-74715, Iran
c Chemistry Department, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
d Chemistry Department, University of Erciyes, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
Abstract
The present study as simple and efficient is based on application of platinum nanoparticle loaded on
activated carbon (Pt-NP-AC) which characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. Pt-NP-AC and activated
carbon (AC) that efficiently modified by impregnation of new chelating agent (bis (4-
chlorobenzylidene)-1, 2-ethanediamine (BCBEN) for enrichment of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+
ions. The retained metal ions were efficiently eluted and subsequently was quantified and the laterally
the results correspond to Pt-NP-AC and AC was compared. The dependency and relation among
recovery of understudy metal ions to variables like pH, amount of ligand and/or solid phase and eluent
condition was optimized and it was reveal that Pt-NP-AC and AC, preconcentration factor was 90 for
understudy metal ions and detection limit was between 1.5-2.2 ng mL-1. The recovery of studied
elements by proposed method was > 97% with low relative standard deviation (RSD < 2.4 %).
*
Corresponding author at: Tel.: +98 741 2223048; fax: +98 741 2223048.
E-mail address: m_ghaedi@mail.yu.ac.ir; m_ghaedi@yahoo.com (M. Ghaedi)
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Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bis (4-chlorobenzylidene)-1, 2-ethanediamine
(BCBEN); Platinum nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon; Solid phase extraction.
1. Introduction
Heavy metal contamination use in fertilizers, plastic products and pigments known as most important
environmental problems because of their accumulation in plants, animals and and seriously destroy or
reduce humans activetes [1-4].
Therefore, most scientists researchs are devoted on analyzing and monitoring heavy metal ions content
in environmental sample which may have concentrations in the mg g-1, ng g-1 and pg g-1 ranges [5-7].
In addition, some metal ionshave concentrations (below or lower than conventional instrumental
detection limit) which thier precence in complicaited in complex matrixces led to some difficulty and
filure in their direct determination. The above mention limitations encourage and make ephases and
presure on the reserchers to conduct preliminery separation and/or preconcentration stage which
simultaneouesly led to simplfing the sample matrix and enhancement of analyete concentration [8].
The instrumental techniques including flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry,
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, electroanalytical techniques and X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry have been used for the determination of heavy metal ions traces [9-15].
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) as widely usable, simple and inexpensive equipment
mostly failed for direct evaluation and determination of the low level of metal ions content in
environment sample with complex matrices [16-21]. Therefore, developed of an efficient sample
preparation technique prior to monitoring of trace level of heavy metal ions from different
environmental sample is highly required to simultaneously preconcentre and/or separate target ions.
Efficiency, selectivity, simplicity of operation and low consumption of organic solvent, size of sample,
rate of analysis and cost are main criterions for selection of suitable separation, preconcentration
procedure [17, 22].
Several methods such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), single-drop microextraction (SDME), cloud-
point extraction (CPE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) are most convenient and efficient
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approach for preconcentration-separation of metal ions from different environmental, water, food and
biological samples prior to their instrumental analysis. However, these techniques suffer some
disadvantages including high cost, long processing time and the use of large volume of toxic reagents.
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques are one of the most powerful procedures for purification
purposes and significant reducing interferences, while possess most of these advantages [10, 23-25].
Solid phase extraction (SPE) is superior to liquid-liquid extraction by reducing analyze time, easy
manipulation, less consumption of organic solvent, higher concentration factor and recoveries, no
miscibility problem or phase separation is widely used for separation and preconcentration of metal
ions [18, 26-31].
The best figures of merit are correspond to preconcentration approach based on bear or modified
material by immobilization of chelating agent on support viz. alumina [32, 33] and silica gel [34]
which are associated with improvement of repeatability and lifetime and also regeneration of
sorbents. The design of selective solid phase sorbents for metal ions preliminary preconcentration
highly related to the nature of solid support, its surface area, porosity and their reactive center [35].
The other important factors including the structure of the immobilized organic compound, the nature
of the incorporated donor atoms (O, N, P and S), interior core and porous structure and the steric
requirements of the complex formed [36]. The most successful solid phase extractors for metal ions
are those immobilized basically, sulfur and nitrogen or phosphorous containing compounds [37-40].
One of the most efficient and versatile cleating agent are based on modification of different support
via loading the surface by Schiff base agent. These well-known chelating agent have unique ability to
trap and complex the metal ion in their interior core via binding to reactive center like OH, nitrogen or
probably through non localized π electrons.
In the presented work, a simple preconcentration procedure based on the modification of Pt-NP-AC or
AC by new chelating agent (BCBEN) is efficiently applied for trace metal enrichment of Pb2+, Cu2+,
Cd+2, Co+2 and Zn2+ ions.
2. Experimental
2.1.Instruments
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The metal content determination has been carried out with a Perkin-Elmer 603 (Norwalk, CT, USA)
atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a flame burner using single element hollow cathode
lamp for each element at respective wavelengths using an air-acetylene flame and deuterium lamp as
background corrector, while the instrumental parameters was set according to manufacturer
recommendation. The morphology and electron diffraction pattern of the Pt nanoparticle were
determined by a Hitachi H-800 TEM at an operating voltage of 200 kV. The shape and surface
morphology of the Pt nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi
S4160) under an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. A digital pH meter (pH/Ion meter Metrohm model-691
was used to measure the pH of the solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was collected with an
automated Philips X'Pert X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation (40 kV and 30 mA) for 2θ values
over 10-80º.
2.2.Reagent and Solutions
Acids, bases and nitrate salts of all metals and PtCl4, sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7·2H2O) and NaBH4
with analytical grade purity was purchased from Merck (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and their
solution in doubly distilled deionized water was prepared daily. The pH was adjusted using a pH/meter
model 692 Metrohm by addition of dilute nitric acid and/or potassium hydroxide.
2.3.Preparation of Bis(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine(BCBEN)
For the synthesis of BCBEN (Scheme 1) was synthesized as follow: 5 mmol of ethylenediamine in 25
mL ethanol was added to 10 mmol of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde to in 25 mL ethanol and the mixture was
severely stirred for 4 h till white crystalline precipitate powder was achieved. IR (KBr, cm-1):
3424(m), 3022(w), 2915(m) , 2854 (m), 2361(m), 1909(w), 1803(w), 1643(vs), 1951(m), 1568(m),
1484(s), 1404(m), 1370(m), 1279 (m), 1215(m), 1168(m), 1083(s), 1013(vs), 978(m), 863(m), 819(s),
701(m). UV-Vis [(DMF), λ (nm) (ε, M-1cm-1)]: 265(14110). 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)(ppm): 8.29(bs,2H),
7.67( bs, 4H), 7.44(bs,4H), 4.04 (s, 4H). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): 161.72, 136.06, 135.7, 130.30,
129.60, 61.57. M.P. (°C): 135-137
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2.4.Preparation of Pt-NP-AC
The carbon-supported Pt nanoparticle (Pt-NP-AC) was prepared according to literature [41] as
follows: 5 mL solution (0.056 g of PtCl4 salt dissolved in HCl (37% w/w)) added into 800 mL of
deionized water and stirred vigorously. Then, 10 mL of solution containing 100 mg of sodium citrate
(Na3C6H5O7·2H2O), 30 mg NaBH4 and 100 mg sodium citrate was added quickly and stirred for 1h.
Then, 1.2 g activated carbon was added to mixture and stirred for 48 h and subsequently stand for 24
h. Finally, the Pt-NP-AC was precipitated and washed with distilled water and dried in an oven at
80ºC.
2.5.Test Works
250 mL of 0.2 µg mL-1 of understudy sample solutions in the pH range of 4.0-8.0 was passed through
0.5 or 0.1 g of modified AC or Pt-NP-AC to completely uptake the under study as sorbent so that the
metal ions are retained on these new sorbents. Finally, the retained ions efficiently eluted with 5 mL of
4 mol L-1 of HNO3 for AC and 5 mL of 2 mol L-1 HCl for Pt-NP-AC and target metal ion content in
the eluent were accurately determined by FAAS.
2.6.Pretreatment of real samples
Grape, Banana, Spinach and Noodle samples (purchased from Firozabad, Iran) was homogenously
scrabbled and places to very small parts. Then, 40 g of sample was heated (in silica crucible) for 3 h
on hot plate till sample completely be charred and the residue was transferred to furnace for overnight
while heating at 650 ºC. After cooling, the residual sample was treated by addition of 10.0 mL
concentrated nitric acid and 3 mL (30% w/w) H2O2 and again kept in furnace for 2 h at the same
temperature. The final residue was treated with 3 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 2–4 mL
perchloric acid (70% w/w) and evaporated to fumes. Following this procedure, all metallic contents
efficiently changed to ions and respectively was diluted and their pH was adjusted on 7.0 following
dilution on 450 mL and described above procedure has been carried out.
3. Results and Discussion
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3.1.Characterization of adsorbent
The SEM images of the Pt-NP-AC (Fig. 1a, b) shows a size distribution of 12–50 nm, which is
confirmed by the TEM micrograph (Fig. 1c). To clarify the exact crystal structure of the Pt
nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out and results are shown in Fig. 1d. The
diffraction rings of the Pt nanoparticles efficiently confirm the crystalline planes of the cubic
structured Pt and nanocrystalline nature of Pt nanoparticles. The rings in electron diffraction pattern
can be assigned to the (1 1 1), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1) crystal planes of a face-centered-cubic (FCC) lattice
structure of platinum nanoparticles, respectively.
It was reported in our previous study that the Schiff base chelating agents with two active nitrogen
atom and reactive hydroxyl group in its structure are suitable and efficient for quantitative
complexation of some heavy and transition metal ions. In this research, a new Schiff base chelation
agent simply with high yield has been synthesized and applied as efficient chelating agent for solid
phase extraction of understudy metal ions and in this regard the influence of effective variables
including pH, amount of sorbent, eluting solution condition on metal ions recoveries was optimized.
3.2.Influences of pH
The pH is one of the most effective parameters in SPE procedure that significantly influences the
metal ion nature or chelating agent. The effect of solution pH on the ions uptake by AC and Pt-NP-AC
in the pH range of 4.0-8.0 was investigated and respective results are presented in Fig. 2. As it can be
seen for both sorbents in acidic medium probably competition of proton with metal ions for binding to
reactive center of chelating agent lead to strong and significant reduction in the metal ions recoveries.
On the other hand, by raising pH till 5.0 for AC and 6.0 for Pt-NP-AC at the potential of active sites of
ligand for metal ion binding and their uptake by solid phase improved and lead to increasing the
recoveries of under study metal ions. At pH higher than these values, due to formation of metal ion
hydroxide as precipitate or change complex formation cause reduction in recoveries significantly
which this pH was selected for subsequent experiments.
3.3.Effects of amounts of BCBEN
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Investigation of the influence of amount of BCBEN on the recoveries of understudy metal ions by
these new sorbents was conducted as follow: set of similar experiments using 0.5 g of AC and 0.1 g of
Pt-NP- AC impregnated by various amount of ligands in the range of 10-50 mg was undertaken and
results are shown in Fig. 3. The results show that modification of AC and Pt-NP-AC w‎ ith 50 and 20
mg lead to increase in recoveries and further rising the extent of chelating agent for Pt-NP-AC cause a
decrease in extraction efficiency of understudy metal ions. Due to significant role of complex ‎nature
to attain high extraction percentages reveal that at higher amount of ligand, probable formation of
charged species is associated with diminish in the extraction efficiency of these ions. It was seen that
among various applied amount of modified AC and Pt-NP-AC, the best recoveries for all understudy
metal ions was obtained using 0.1 and 0.5 g of modified Pt-NP-AC and AC, respectively. At higher
amount of solid phase for both sorbent probably due to in sufficiently of eluent and at smaller value
because of non-sufficiency of reactive centers for metal ions binding lead to significant reduce
recoveries.
3.4.Choice of eluent
Investigation of the influence of pH on metal ions recoveries (Fig. 2) shows that under study metal
ions have low recoveries in acidic pH that encourage researchers to apply acidic eluent for efficient
elution of target analytes. Therefore various solvents and/or solution according to Table 1 were used to
elute the retained metal ions and it was seen that maximum recoveries of these ions were observed
using 4 mol L-1 HNO3 and 2 mol L-1 HCl for AC and Pt-NP-AC, while in the presence of other eluent
lower recoveries for all ions was achieved. In further experiment, condition of eluents such as their
volume and concentration on the recoveries of the analytes was studied using various volume of 4 mol
L-1 HNO3 and 10 mL of different concentration of HNO3 and various volume of 2 mol L-1 HCl and 5
mL of different concentration of HCl for AC and Pt-NP- AC, respectively (Table1). It was found that
maximum recoveries were obtained using 10 mL of 4 mol L-1 HNO3 and 5 mL of 2 mol L-1 of HCl for
modified AC and Pt-NP-AC that these values were selected for subsequent work and optimization of
variables.
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3.5.Matrix Effects
Interference and concomitant ions may interfere in preconcentration step efficiency either by
complexation with chelating agent or binding to target metal analysis or may interfere in blank value
that all stage effect the accuracy of determination. The possible interference of other metal ions and a
few anions on the recovery of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd+2, Co+2 and Pb+2 ions was investigated and tolerance limit
was expressed as concentration of interfering ions which not lead to a relative error of more than 5%
and results are shown in Table 2. It was found that at given level no significant interference was
observed in the determination of these ions that indicates that these ions content successfully high
concentration of matrix salts can be preconcentration and determined in the presence Table 2. The
reusability of the solid phase was tested by carrying out described preconcentration/elution procedure
on the same solid phase and it was found that the uptake capacity of proposed sorbents do not change
significantly after 5 times (less than 5%).
3.6.Analytical features
Model preconcentration protocol for all target analytes at various concentration at optimum
experimental conditions has been conducted and each elements linear range was recorded and pointed
out in Table 3. Then characteristics performance such as enrichment factor and the preconcentration
factor (initial volume sample of 450 mL) to the final volume of eluent (5 mL), the limit of detection
(LOD) based on three times the standard deviation (SD) of the blank (n=5) and limit of quantifications
were calculated and all results are presented in Table 3.
The enrichment factor was defined as the ratio between the slopes of calibration curve after
preconcentration to respective one before preconcentration [42]. The preconcentration factor was
defined as the ration between volume of the eluent and the volume of the aqueous sample.
V
eluent
(1)
Preconcentration factor =
V
aq
where, Veluent and Vaq are the volume of the eluent and the volume of the aqueous sample, respectively.
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Adsorption capacity of these proposed sorbents which efficiently show the applicability of a fixed
amount of sorbent for enrichment of very low quantity of each element was calculated by batch
method. In this view, 450 mL of 100 μg mL-1 of these understudy metal ion was stirred with the 0.1
and 0.5 g of Pt-NP-AC and AC, respectively at 300 rpm for 60 min and subsequently the non-
adsorbed metal ion was determined by FAAS. According to difference among initial and final
concentration of each analyte was applied for calculation of adsorption capacity. The adsorption
capacity was found to be 100-200 µg g-1 for AC and 500-1000 µg g-1 for Pt-NP-AC. The amount
adsorbed (qe) in (mg g-1) is calculated using the following relationship.
(C0 -Ce )V
(2)
qe =
W
C0 and Ce be the initial and final concentrations (mg L-1) of dye respectively, V (L) is the
volume of the solution ‎and ‘W’ be the mass of activated carbon (mg L-1).
3.7.Accuracy of the method
The applicability and accuracy of the proposed sorbent for preconcentration and determination of
these ions in various food samples were carried out, while the reliability and the recoveries of the
target compounds were evaluated by combination of spiking and standard addition method. These
proposed sorbents and SPE has been carried out for analyzing real samples such as grape, Spinach,
Noodle and results are presented in Table 4. As the results show the satisfactory recovery of spiked
samples and low and reasonable RSD indicates the capability of the proposed method for the
determination of target analytes in this real samples with complicated matrices.
4. Conclusion
The solid phase extraction method is simple, accurate with low cost is applicable for the determination
of Pb+2, Cu+2, Cd+2, Co+2 and Zn+2 ions in environmental samples. The system reveal high
reproducibility and reliability in analytical data with R.S.D. lower than 5% (N=3). Solid phase
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composed of 0.5 g modified AC or 0.1 g Pt-NP-AC can be used for as least 5 replicate experiments
without significant loss in its sorption and recovery behavior. The system was successfully applied for
preconcentration of analytes from large sample volume (450 mL). The proposed preconcentration/
separation method could be applied to the highly saline samples and the samples contain some
transition metals at mg L-1 levels. The method is relatively rapid as compared with previously reported
solid phase extraction procedures for the enrichment of metal ions at trace levels. The presented
procedure was successfully applied for preconcentration of analyte ions in various environmental
samples. It was seen that by addition of Pt-NP-AC to the AC by reducing the amount of reagent the
extraction efficiency and characteristic performance of method significantly will be increased.
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Scheme 1. a) The structure of the ligand and b) Formation of ML and/or ML2.
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Fig. 1. a, b) Typical SEM of the Pt-NPs-AC, (c) TEM of the Pt-NPs and d) X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Pt-NPs-AC.
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Fig. 2. Effect of pH on metal ions recoveries, a) AC and b) Pt-NP- AC. The error bars represent the
RSD% (N=3).
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Fig. 3. Effect of amount of ligand on metal ions recoveries, a) AC and b) Pt-NP-AC. The error bars
represent the RSD% (N=3).
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Table 1. Condition of eluent on analytes ion recovery
AC
Condition of eluent
Cu2+
90.8
82.3
89.5
83.2
82.9
90.4
89.8
87.6
85.4
93.8
90
Zn2+
90.8
86.3
93.4
80.5
70.7
87.5
93.1
89.4
72.3
89.4
93.5
80.4
Co2+
87.6
88.3
92.2
78.7
80.8
86.6
92.6
93.5
83.4
89.3
92.3
82.5
Cd2+
86.5
90.3
89.6
67.5
84.4
85.2
89.7
90.1
78.3
90.4
89.8
85.6
Pb2+
92.6
83.4
90.9
78.5
65.8
85.6
91.5
90.8
80.4
90.9
91.9
78.9
10 mL of HCl (4.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of H2SO4 (4.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HNO3 (4.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of CH3COOH (4.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HNO3 (1.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HNO3 (2.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HNO3 (4.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HNO3 (6.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of HNO3 (4.0 mol L-1)
8 mL of HNO3 (4.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HNO3 (4.0 mol L-1)
15 mL of HNO3 (4.0 mol L-1)
86.4
Pt-NP- AC
5 mL of HCl (2.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of H2SO4 (2.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of HNO3 (2.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of CH3COOH (2.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of HCl 2.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of HCl (4.0 mol L-1)
5mL of HCl (6.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of HCl (8.0 mol L-1)
5 mL of HCl (2.0 mol L-1)
10 mL of HCl (2.0 mol L-1)
15 mL of HCl (2.0 mol L-1)
20 mL of HCl (2.0 mol L-1)
94.2
81.2
88.6
97.3
94.1
92.8
95.1
84.6
94.2
89.2
85.1
79.3
89.4
87.5
87.9
81.6
89.6
87.6
83.6
87.9
89.6
88.5
87.3
87.7
89.8
81.7
89.1
85.2
89.8
85.8
90.4
78.6
90.4
92.6
87.5
88.6
95.2
48.7
85.5
90.8
95.4
93.4
86.1
81.4
95.2
96.4
89.4
76.6
93.5
84.4
83.6
97.3
92.9
90.7
91.3
82.4
93.4
92.5
90.4
83.2
17

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Table 2. Effects of the matrix ions on the recoveries of the examined metal ions for both sorbent.
Ion
Tolerance Limit mg L-1
Na+
1000
1000
1000
1000
750
750
500
500
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Cd2+
Bi2+
Ag+
Mn2+
18

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Table 3. Specification of presented method at optimum conditions for each element
AC
Parameters
Cu2+
0.01-0.7
2.08
0.8
200
Zn2+
0.01-0.8
2.20
1.4
Co2+
0.02-0.7
1.96
1.5
200
90
25.1
Cd2+
0.01-0.8
1.80
1.3
200
Pb2+
0.01-0.7
1.68
1.2
Linear Range (µg mL-1)
Detection Limit (ng mL-1)
RSD (reproducibility) (%)
Loading capacity (mg g-1)
Preconcentration factor
Enrichment factor
100
200
28.7
30.6
29.7
21.6
Pt-NP-AC
Linear Range (µg mL-1)
Detection Limit (ng mL-1)
RSD (reproducibility) (%)
Loading capacity (mg g-1)
Preconcentration factor
Enrichment factor
0.01-0.8
1.72
1.31
0.01-0.8
1.68
0.96
0.01-0.9
1.63
1.38
1000
90
24.9
0.01-0.9
1.85
1.67
0.02-0.8
1.53
1.16
1000
1000
500
1000
28.2
29.9
30.1
22.1
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Table 4. Levels of analyte ions in real samples
Grape
Pt-NP- AC
Found
AC
Ion
Added
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
RSD %
Recovery %
---
101.4
---
101.1
---
102.6
---
97.4
---
96.4
Found
1.86
11.92
1.55
RSD
Recovery%
value
value
1.81
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.3
3.6
3.2
3.6
3.2
3.3
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.4
3.1
---
100.6
---
88.8
---
98.2
---
97.9
---
98.3
Pb2+
11.95
1.64
Cd2+
Cu2+
Zn2+
Co2+
11.75
11.63
21.89
24.35
34.09
4.82
10.43
11.48
21.30
24.25
34.04
4.89
14.56
14.72
1.96
12.04
2.14
3.9
3.5
4.2
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.7
4.1
3.6
---
100.8
---
98.9
---
104.1
---
102.5
---
101.5
2.04
12.09
2.03
3.3
3.0
3.2
2.7
3.1
2.6
3.0
2.2
3.4
3.1
---
100.5
---
98.9
---
101.5
---
95.1
---
101.7
12.03
15.20
25.61
29.13
39.40
5.04
11.92
13.03
25.18
29.29
38.80
5.15
15.19
15.32
Noodle
Pb2+
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
2.52
12.66
1.24
11.39
8.90
4.5
3.5
4.6
3.6
4.0
3.4
3.5
3.1
4.2
3.7
---
101.4
---
101.5
---
103.1
---
104.9
---
101.5
2.21
12.32
1.12
11.02
8.68
4.2
3.6
4.2
3.7
3.6
3.0
3.3
2.7
4.0
3.4
---
101.1
---
99
---
95.8
---
101.6
---
101.6
Cd2+
Cu2+
Zn2+
Co2+
19.21
16.96
27.45
6.81
18.26
16.59
26.75
6.56
16.96
16.72
Spinach
0
10
0.65
10.69
0.35
10.39
8.45
4.6
3.9
4.6
3.9
3.4
2.8
3.0
2.3
4.7
3.8
---
100.4
---
100.4
---
101.1
---
98.4
---
100.6
0.59
10.50
0.31
10.21
8.52
4.5
4
---
99.1
---
99
---
103
---
100.8
---
99.2
Pb2+
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
4.5
3.8
3.2
2.7
2.9
2.6
4.3
3.9
Cd2+
Cu2+
Zn2+
Co2+
18.56
13.68
23.52
0.72
18.82
13.79
23.87
0.68
10.78
10.60
The value are for solid samples is µg g-1 and for liquid.
20

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Graphical abstract
21

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Highlights
► Platinum nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon and activated carbon with a new
‎chelating agent ‎.
► Its characterization by TEM, XRD and SEM.
► It is highly selective and sensitive method for determination of trace metal ions.
► FAAS determination of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ ions in some water samples.
► A detection limit at ng mL−1 level was achieved with 450 mL of sample.
22