10.1002/cssc.201500053
The research focuses on the development and evaluation of a Pd/Nb2O5/SiO2 catalyst for the direct hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived compounds into liquid alkanes under mild conditions. The study involves the conversion of model compounds such as 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (derived from furfural and acetone), palmitic acid, tristearin, and diphenyl ether, which represent microalgae oils, vegetable oils, and lignin, respectively. The experiments utilize a Pd-loaded Nb2O5/SiO2 catalyst prepared via a sol-gel method, aiming to achieve high yields of alkanes with minimal C-C bond cleavage. The catalyst's performance is assessed through batch reactions in a stainless-steel autoclave under controlled temperature (170°C) and pressure (2.5 MPa H2), with product analysis conducted using GC-MS to quantify the liquid products against an internal standard. The research also includes characterization of the catalyst using techniques like XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, TEM, and EDAX atomic mapping to understand its structure and active sites. The study demonstrates that the Pd/10%Nb2O5/SiO2 catalyst is highly effective, achieving over 94% yield of alkanes under the specified mild conditions, and exhibits excellent stability and activity, making it a promising candidate for biomass conversion to liquid alkanes.
10.1039/c39870001373
The study investigates a new method for preparing diphenyl ethers by displacing an aromatic nitro group with phenoxides. It involves using substituted nitrobenzenes (2a-d) and various phenoxides, including sodium phenoxide and 2,6-disubstituted phenoxides, in dry dimethyl sulphoxide at 90°C for 16 hours. The nitrobenzenes act as the substrates, while the phenoxides serve as nucleophiles to displace the nitro group, forming diphenyl ethers. The study highlights that this method is particularly effective for synthesizing hindered diphenyl ethers from weakly nucleophilic phenoxides. The results show that the yield of diphenyl ethers is affected by the reaction temperature and the specific phenoxide used. Additionally, the study provides insights into the reaction mechanism, suggesting a radical nature rather than an anionic nucleophilic displacement mechanism in certain cases.
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