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Cas Database

Name	Chromium	EINECS	231-157-5
CAS No.	7440-47-3	Density	7.20℃
PSA	0.00000	LogP	0.00000
Solubility	Insoluble in water	Melting Point	1890 ºC
Formula	Cr	Boiling Point	2200 ºC
Molecular Weight	51.996	Flash Point	50 °F
Transport Information	N/A	Appearance	silver-gray solid
Safety	Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Powder will explode spontaneously in air. Ignites and is potentially explosive in atmospheres of carbon dioxide. Violent or explosive reaction when heated with ammonium nitrate. May ignite or react violently with bromine pentafluoride. Incandescent reaction with nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide. Incompatible with oxidants. See also CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS.
Analytical Methods:		For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125G or NIOSH: Chromium, 7024; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300.	Risk Codes	R40
Molecular Structure		Hazard Symbols
Synonyms	Alpaste RRA030; Alpaste RRA 050; Chrome; Chromium element	Article Data	422

Chromium Synthetic route

: chromium(III) oxide

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With acetylen soot redn. at 1120°C;	100%
With acetylen soot redn. at 1120°C;	100%
With calcium carbide; potassium chloride byproducts: K2CrO4; forming vapour of K at 600°C; reaction temp. ca 400°C; K2CrO4 dissolving with water; purity: 99.5-99.8% Cr;	90%

: 10025-73-7
chromium(III) chloride

: 7439-95-4
magnesium

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium chloride; sodium chloride byproducts: MgCl2; 12 kg CrCl3, 3.5 kg Mg, 17.6 kg KCl and 12.4 kg NaCl mixed then heated in electric furnace at 800°C; formed MgCl2 dissolved and filtrated, remainder washed with water twice then with dild. HNO3;	94.2%
With potassium chloride In ethanol; water equimolar amts.; heating to melt; leaching with water, boiling with dild. aq. HNO3; purity: 99.55% Cr;	75%
With KCl In ethanol; water equimolar amts.; heating to melt; leaching with water, boiling with dild. aq. HNO3; purity: 99.55% Cr;	75%

: chromium(III) oxide

Ce(45),La(20),Nd(15),Pr(15),Y(0),Gd(0),Sm(0) (X%): Ce(45),La(20),Nd(15),Pr(15),Y(0),Gd(0),Sm(0) (X%)

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
ignition in Mg-pot; 16g of Cr2O3, 20g of the alloy;	90%

: 27303-69-1
tris(η3-allyl)chromium

A: 74-98-6
propane

B: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In further solvent(s) High Pressure; in perhydrocumol at 100 at;;	A 89% B n/a
With H2 In further solvent(s) High Pressure; in perhydrocumol at 100 at;;	A 89% B n/a

: chromium(III) oxide

: 7429-90-5
aluminium

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
equimolar amts.; Al content: 0.5%;	82%
equimolar amts.; Al content: 0.5%;	82%
110% of the theoretically necessary Al; Al content: 5%;	73%

: Eisen(II)-chromit

: 12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8
copper

: 7439-95-4
magnesium

: 7429-90-5
aluminium

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
chromium iron ore reduced with Al in presence of 0.1-20 % of Cu and 2 % of Mg; molten metal has great fluidity and small surface tension because of Mg and Cu so sepn. between metal and slag simple;	82%
chromium iron ore reduced with Al in presence of 0.1-20 % of Cu and 2 % of Mg; molten metal has great fluidity and small surface tension because of Mg and Cu so sepn. between metal and slag simple;	82%

: chromium(III) oxide

: 7440-70-2
calcium

: 7429-90-5
aluminium

A: tricalcium aliminate

B: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
60.9g of Cr2O3, 24g of Ca, 10.8g of Al;	A n/a B 74.3%
60.9g of Cr2O3, 24g of Ca, 10.8g of Al;	A n/a B 74.3%

: chromium(III) oxide

: 1304-29-6
barium peroxide

: 7429-90-5
aluminium

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 80% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <0.1%;	74.3%
96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 80% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <0.1%;	74.3%
96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 30% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <.1%;	65%
96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 30% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <.1%;	65%

: 7440-23-5
sodium

: 10025-73-7
chromium(III) chloride

: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
heating in a steel bomb; purity 99.86%;	57%
heating in a steel bomb; purity 99.86%;	57%
With hydrogen CrCl3 free from H2O; H2 flow and introducing of Na vapour; in china pot;
With H2 CrCl3 free from H2O; H2 flow and introducing of Na vapour; in china pot;

: 15604-50-9
CrCl2(tetrahydrofuran)2

: 75-24-1
trimethylaluminum

: 563-43-9
ethylaluminum dichloride

A: [((HN(C2H4SC6H11)2)Cr(methyl)(μ-Cl))2](Al2(CH3)6Cl)2

B: 7440-47-3
chromium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene soln. of Cr-complex and amine stirred at 22 °C to give blue suspn., Al(CH3)3 added; soln. filtered, stand at -35 °C for 1 h, mother liquor removed, crystals washed (hexane), dried (vac.); elem. anal.;	A 32% B n/a

Chromium Chemical Properties

IUPAC Name: Chromium
Molecular Formula: Cr
Molecular Weight: 51.996100 g/mol
EINECS: 231-157-5
Classification Code: Growth Substances; Micronutrients; Mutation data; Trace Elements; Tumor data
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with carbonates, strong bases, mineral acids, lithium, sulfur dioxide, strong acids.
Heat of fusion: 21.0 kJ·mol^-1
Heat of vaporization: 339.5 kJ·mol^-1
Melting Point: 4 °C
Density: 7.19 g/cm³
Flash Point: 50 °F
Boiling Point of Chromium (CAS NO.7440-47-3): 2671 °C

Chromium Uses

Chromium (CAS NO.7440-47-3) was used as a pigment, and after the discovery that the mineral chromite also contains chromium this latter mineral was used to produce pigments as well. Chromium was regarded with great interest because of its high corrosion resistance and hardness. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding chromium to form stainless steel. This application, along with chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) are currently the highest-volume uses of the metal.

Chromium Production

Approximately 4.4 million metric tons of marketable chromite ore were produced in 2000, and converted into ~3.3 million tons of ferro-chrome with an approximate market value of 2.5 billion United States dollars.The largest producers of chromium ore have been South Africa (44%) India (18%), Kazakhstan (16%) Zimbabwe (5%), Finland (4%) Iran (4%) and Brazil (2%) with several other countries producing the rest of less than 10% of the world production.The two main products of chromium ore refining are ferrochromium and metallic chromium.

Chromium Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
rat	LD50	unreported	27500ug/kg (27.5mg/kg)		Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 37(10), Pg. 27, 1972.

Chromium Consensus Reports

Chromium and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Chromium is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Chromium Safety Profile

Powder will explode spontaneously in air. Ignites and is potentially explosive in atmospheres of carbon dioxide. Violent or explosive reaction when heated with ammonium nitrate. May ignite or react violently with bromine pentafluoride. Incandescent reaction with nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide. Incompatible with oxidants.
Hazard Codes: F, Corrosive C, Harmful Xn
Risk Statements: 11-20/21/22-34-40-23
R11:Highly flammable.
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R34:Causes burns.
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R23 :Toxic by inhalation.
Safety Statements: 16-26-36/37/39-45-36/37-27
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
RIDADR: UN 2924 3/PG 2
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: GB4200000
HazardClass: 4.1
PackingGroup: III

Chromium Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 1 mg/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.5 (Cr)mg/m³; Not Classifiable as a Carcinogen

Chromium Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125G or NIOSH: Chromium, 7024; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300.

Chromium Specification

Chromium (CAS NO.7440-47-3), its Synonyms are Chrom ; Chrome ; Chromium metal ; Chromium compounds . It is very hard gray solid with a metallic luster.

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