12672-70-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Indium trichloride is used as a starting compound for the synthesis of other inorganic and organic indium compounds, such as tri-methyl indium (TMI), which is the most widely used metal-organic precursor for indium.
Used in Alkaline Batteries:
Indium trichloride is used as an additive in alkaline batteries to reduce outgassing and improve operational efficiency when under electrical load.
Used in Semiconductor Component Manufacturing:
Indium trichloride is utilized in the manufacturing of semiconductor components, playing a crucial role in the production of electronic devices.
Used in LEDs and Lighting Industry:
Indium trichloride is employed in the production of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and other lighting technologies, contributing to energy-efficient and long-lasting lighting solutions.
Indium trichloride is available as an anhydrous powder and as a solution up to its solubility limit, catering to a wide range of applications across various industries.

InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.In.H2O/h3*1H;;1H2/q;;;+3;/p-3

Upstream product

• 7440-74-6 indium 
• 10025-82-8 indium(III) chloride 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 61816-90-8 InCl₃*NH₃ 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 7440-55-3 gallium 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 22398-80-7 indium(III) phosphide 

Downstream Products

• 22398-80-7 indium(III) phosphide 
• 132319-88-1 InCl(P(C₆H₅)3)(Co(CO)3(P(C₆H₅)3))2 
• 87654-60-2 (benzoato)dichlorobis(pyridine)indium(III) 
• 444085-15-8 [HC(CCH₃N(C₆H₃(CH(CH₃)2)2))2InCl]2 
• 1036739-19-1 [InCl(N,N'-Priso)]2 
• 1263600-11-8 InCl(4-methylpyridine)2(benzoato)2*4-methylpyridine 
• 6249-80-5 1-phenylbut-3-en-1-one 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Mass-spectrometric study of (indium + chlorine)(g). Enthalpies of formation of InCl(g), In2Cl2(g), In2Cl4(g), InCl3(g), and In2Cl6(g)

The gaseous phase in equilibrium with InCl(s or l), InCl2(s or l), or InCl3(s) was analysed by the Knudsen-cell mass-spectrometric method.InCl3(g) and In2Cl6(g) are the main species vaporizing from InCl3(s); InCl(g), In2Cl2(g), In2Cl4(g), and InCl3(g) from InCl(s or l); and In2Cl4(g), InCl3(g), InCl(g), In2Cl6(g), and In2Cl2(g) from InCl2(s).The gas-phase analysis was performed by studying the ionization-efficiency curves and ionic-intensity ratios as a function of the temperature of vaporization and chemical composition in (indium + chlorine) for every InxCly+ ion (x = 1, 2 and y = 0 to 5).Enthalpies of formation were deduced from vaporization and gas-phase equilibria: ΔfH0m(InCl3, g, 298.15 K) = -(375.7 +/- 5.0) kJ * mol-1, ΔfH0m(In2Cl6, g, 298.15 K) = -(883.7 +/- 10.0) kJ * mol-1, ΔfH0m(InCl, g, 298.15 K) = -(68.2 +/- 4.6) kJ * mol-1, ΔfH0m(In2Cl4, g, 298.15 K) = -(573.2 +/- 12.6= kJ * mol-1.A lower bound was calculated for InCl2(g): ΔfH0m(InCl2, g, 298.15 K) >/= -201 kJ * mol-1.

Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy of InF, InCl, and InBr, prepared using laser ablation

High-resolution rotational spectra of InF, InCl, and InBr have been measured with a pulsed jet cavity Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. Samples were prepared by vaporizing In with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, and reacting the vapour with a precursor gas entrained in the Ne backing gas of the jet. Precise rotational and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been obtained for all these molecules, along with the first nuclear spin-rotation constants of InCl and InBr. The hyperfine coupling constants are discussed in terms of the electronic structures of the molecules.

Chemical vapor transport for the control of composition of low-volatile solids: II. the composition control of indium sulfides: Technique of the charge dilution

Considering chalcogenide transport processes with a participation of indium and indium sulfides in the closed system it was found that non-isothermal conditions are insufficient for a noticeable reversible indium transfer. The main reason for this fact was considered as a deficiency of indium halides with a high oxidation degree of indium which are in the equilibrium in the vapor with condensed indium or its lower sulfides. To provide chemical transport that is impossible in the usual experimental conditions a new way was proposed and applied implying dilution of a charge (source or getter of indium) with inactive diluent. One of the probable diluents is gold. The probability of reversible and selective chemical transport was proved for indium in the system indium sulfides - vapor of In chlorides - (Au-In) charge . Conditions for performing the non-destructive composition control of indium sulfides in the non-destructive chemical transport were determined.

Detection and characterization of gas-phase InCl using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization

This paper presents an experimental observation of the Rydberg states of gaseous InCl, and hitherto unknown electronic states on the basis of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra between 330 and 490 nm. An adiabatic ionization potential is determined by extrapolating the Rydberg series for improved thermochemical calculations for InCl and InCl+. It is shown that REMPI spectroscopy is a sensitive technique (109 molecules cm-3 (laser pulse)-1 at 365.14 nm.

The preparation and vapour pressures of the indium(I) halides and the standard molar Gibbs free energy change for formation of InX from In(g) and X2(g), (X = Cl, Br, or I)

The syntheses of high-purity InCl, InBr, and InI from the elements are outlined.The vapour pressures above the liquid indium(I) halides have been measured by the quasistatic method over the ranges: InCl, 528 to 914 K; InBr, 569 to 950 K; and InI, 646 to 9

Selective chemical vapor transport as a means of varying the composition of nonstoichiometric indium sulfides

Investigation of halide vapor transport with the participation of indium and indium sulfides in a closed system indicates that applying a temperature gradient is insufficient for quantitative spontaneous indium transfer from the lower indium sulfides or for the transport of elemental indium. A major reason for this is that the vapor phase over indium and its lower sulfides is dominated by monohalides. Impossible under conventional experimental conditions, chemical vapor transport can be achieved by diluting indium with an inert substance, e.g., gold. Our results indicate that the vapor transport of indium is possible in systems of the form indium sulfide-indium chloride vapor-charge (Au-In) and that chloride vapor transport can be used to nondestructively control the composition of indium sulfides. The transport process is shown to be selective and reversible. Conditions are determined for nondestructive chemical transport control over the composition of indium sulfides.

Recovery of indium from In2O3 and liquid crystal display powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride

Indium (In) was recovered from indium oxide (In2O3) and liquid crystal display (LCD) powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the chlorination agent. The recovery of In from In2O3

Reaction of decamethylsilicocene with group 13 element halides: Insertions, rearrangements, and eliminations

In the reaction of decamethylsilicocene (1; (Me5C5)2Si) with halides or organohalides of trivalent boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium, quite different and sometimes very complex pathways are observed which include adduct formation, 1,2-halide or -alkyl shifts, 1,2-dyotropic rearrangements, and reductive elimination and oxidative addition reactions. Cp*BCl2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), BCl3, and BBr3 reacted with 1 to form the pentacarba-nido-hexaboronium salts [Cp*SiCl2BCp*]+[Cp*BCl3]- (3a) and [Cp*SiX2BCp*]+-[BX4]- (3b, X = Cl; 4, X = Br). A second product (5b) of composition Cp*3Si2Br4B with an arachno-cluster framework was isolated from the reaction with BBr3. With AlCl3 and AlBr3 metathesis reactions gave the ionic compounds [Cp*2Al]-[AlX4]- (6a,b, X = Cl, Br), respectively. The formation of 6a,b is the result of a Lewis-base-catalyzed dismutation of Cp*AlX2 in which 1 is the base, as proved by separate experiments. The compound Cp*Al-(Me)Cl (7) was formed in the reaction of 1 with Me2AlCl. Silicocene 1 functioned as a dehalogenating agent in its reactions with GaCl3, GaBr3, Cp*GaBr2, InCl3, and InBr3, giving the corresponding monovalent, metastable ( GaCl , GaBr ) or stable (Cp*Ga, InCl, InBr) species. All new compounds were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 11B, 29Si) and mass spectrometry. The solid-state structures of 3a and 5b were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.

N,N′-Dialkyldithiocarbamate chelates of indium(III): Alternative synthetic routes and thermodynamics characterization

Alternative synthetic routes to prepare N,N′-dialkyldithiocarbamate complexes of indium(III), In(S2CNR2)3 (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, n-C4H9 and i-C4H9) from the metallic element and from indium monohalides, InX(X = Cl, Br and I) were established. The proposed mechanism of reaction involving InX considering a ligand redistribution reaction of XIn(S2C-NR2)2 initially produced, which could be derived from the insertion of InX into sulfur-sulfur bond of the tetralkylthiuram disulfide. The thermal decomposition of the In(S2CNR2)3 (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, n-C4H9 and i-C4H9) compounds was investigated by the thermogravimetric technique, where two pathways were detected, depending on the dialkyldithiocarbamato ligand. The first step leads to indium metal, or alternatively In2S3, as the final residue for R = C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C4H9 and for R = CH3, i-C3H7, n-C4H9, respectively. The corresponding standard molar enthalpies of sublimation of all compounds were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and methods of estimation.

Direct electrochemical synthesis of X2InCH2X compounds (X = Br, I) and a study of their coordination chemistry

The electrochemical oxidation of indium in CH2X2/CH3CN media (X = Cl, Br, I) gives InX. Indium(I) chloride disproportionates, but InBr or InI react with CH2X2 to give X2InCH2X (X