1313-82-2 Usage
Uses
Used in Dye Industry:
Sodium sulfide is used as a raw material for the production of sulfur dyes, specifically sulfur green and sulfur blue. It is also used as a facilitator agent for dissolving sulfur dyes in the printing and dyeing industry.
Used in Paper Industry:
In the paper industry, sodium sulfide is used as a cooking agent in the production of high-grade paper. It is also used as a depressant and for collector desorption in non-metallic flotation.
Used in Tanning Industry:
Sodium sulfide is used for the hydrolysis of hair removal of raw skin and for the preparation of sodium polysulfide to help accelerate soaking and softening of dry skin.
Used in Fiber Textile Industry:
In the fiber textile industry, sodium sulfide is used for the denitrofication of artificial fiber textile, the reduction of nitration, and as a mordant for cotton fabric dyeing.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Sodium sulfide is mainly used for the production of antipyretic drugs such as phenacetin.
Used in Chemical Industry:
Sodium sulfide is used for making sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, and sodium polysulfide. It is also used as an analysis reagent and leather depilatory.
Used in Metallurgy:
Sodium sulfide is used in the oxidation process of gold, lead, and copper metal ores.
Used in Agriculture:
Sodium sulfide is used as a sheep dip.
Used in Miscellaneous Applications:
Sodium sulfide is used for H2S therapy to study its effect on the prevention of diabetes in animals. It is also used as a depilatory for leather, digestion auxiliary in paper-making, and in the textile, pigment, and rubber industries.
Industrial Uses:
Sodium sulfide is used as a depressant for quartz in the iron-activated and non-activated quartz flotation process. It is also used in the flotation of monazite, pyrochlore, zircon, and microcline, acting as a depressant and for the desorption of fatty acids.
Sodium sulfide
Sodium sulfide is also known as smelly soda and stinky base. At room temperature, the pure product is colorless or slightly purple prismatic crystal. The industrial sodium sulfide often exhibits pink, reddish brown or yellowish brown color for containing impurities. It has rotten egg smell and is corrosive and toxic. Its density is 2.427. It will be subject to decomposition at 920 ℃. It is soluble in cool water and easily soluble in hot water with dissolving in water almost fully being hydrolyzed into sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulfide (at 10 ℃, the solubility is 15.4; while the solubility is 57.2 g at 90 ℃). The aqueous water exhibits strongly alkalinity and is corrosive on copper, wood, skin, etc. It is slightly soluble in ethanol but insoluble in ether. When being encountered strong acid, the sodium sulfide will release hydrogen sulfide. It will be subject to deliquescence in air and is easily oxidized into sodium thiosulfate. Sodium sulfide is mainly used as the raw materials of hides depilatories, pulp cooking agent, and sulfur dye, the reducing agents of dye intermediates, fabric dyeing mordant, and ore flotation agent. It can also be used as viscose fiber desulfurizer and the raw material for production of sodium hydrosulfide and sodium polysulfide.
The sodium sulfide in our county was originated in the 1830s. The production of it was earliest started from a chemical plant in Dalian, Liaoning in small-scale. Upon entering into the mid-1980s to the 1990s, with the vigorous development of the international chemical industry, the domestic industry had undergone a fundamental transformation with both the number and scale of production being dramatically increased with rapid development. The production area of sodium sulfide centered in Shanxi Yuncheng has quickly expanded to a dozen of other provinces or cities including Yunnan, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Shaanxi. The national annual production capacity has increased from the value of 420,000 tons by the end of the 80s to a value of 640,000 tons in mid-1990s. The region with the fastest growing includes Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Xinjiang region at northwest of China. The production capacity has reached 200,000 tons in Inner Mongolia, which has become the largest production base of sodium sulfide in China.
Figure 1 is a picture of yellow flaky sodium sulfide
The above information is edited by the lookchem of Dai Xiongfeng.
Industrial sodium sulfide
Industrial sodium sulfide is generally a mixture with different numbers of crystalline water; the molecular formula is Na2S ? nH2O; it exhibits as yellow or reddish-brown massive, flaky and granular and is mainly used in paper, dyes, mineral processing, printing and dyeing industries.
GB/T 10500-2000 standard has classified the industrial sodium sulfide products into three categories: Category 1 is ordinary sodium sulfide (commonly known as red base); Class 2 is low-iron sodium sulfide (commonly known as the yellow base); Class 3 is sodium sulfide of high content.
Figure 2 the reference quality indicators of industrial sodium sulfide
Packing, storage and shipping: sodium sulfide belongs to alkaline corrosive substances, classification: GB 8.2 class, number:82011. It is packed with a tight leakproof iron drums with the net weight per barrel being 25.50 kg or 100 kg. The packaging should contain obvious "drugs" and "corrosive substance" signs. It should be stored in a dry, airy shed asbestos with the container must be intact. It can’t be stored and shipped together with acidic materials and oxidizing agents.
Toxicity
Sodium sulfide is strongly corrosive to the skin. Worker subjecting to contact with a solution of sodium sulfide has their hand skin get ruffling and redness. During the operation, you should note that: upon inadvertently contact with skin, you should rinse with water. After the sodium sulfide droplets or small pieces falling into eyes, immediately wash with water for 15 min and send to hospital for treatment. To protect the skin, it is recommended to wash hands with a weak acetic acid solution and then coated with oily ointment. Pay attention to the protection of eye.
Preparation of polyarylene sulfide
We can take industrial sodium sulfide and poly-halogenated aromatic compounds as raw materials; apply multi-component composite catalyst or additive and carry out segmented poly-condensation at normal pressure in high-boiling polar organic solvent (such as hempa) for generating linear high molecular weight polyarylene sulfide. The reaction conversion rate is high with the product being white granular and with excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties and thermal processing stability. Additionally supplement of a certain amount of cross-linking agent can generate higher molecular weight branched or cross-linked polyarylene sulfide.
Production method
Pulverized coal reduction method: put mirabilite and coal powder in a mixing ratio of 100: (21 to 22.5) (weight ratio) for calcination and reduction at 800~1100 ℃. The resultant after cooling is molten into a liquid. After standing for clarification, the upper portion of the alkaline solution was concentrated to obtain a solid sulfide. The flake (or granules)-like sodium sulfide is made through the transition tank and flaking. The reaction equation is as below:
Na2SO4 + 2C → Na2S + 2CO2
Absorption method: use 380~420 g/L sodium hydroxide solution to absorb H2S> 85% containing hydrogen sulfide waste gas; the resulting product was concentrated by evaporation to obtain sodium sulfide products. Its reaction equation is as below:
H2S + 2NaOH → Na2S + 2H2O
Barium sulfide method: use sodium sulfide and barium sulfide for cross-metathesis reaction to get precipitated barium sulfate. During this process, we can get the byproduct sodium sulfide. The reaction formula is as below:
BaS + Na2SO4 → Na2S + BaSO4 ↓
Gas reduction method: in the presence of iron catalyst, put hydrogen (or carbon monoxide, coal gas, methane gas) into boiling furnace for reaction with sodium sulfate, we can obtain high-quality anhydrous granular sodium sulfide (containing Na2S: 95%~97% ). Its reaction equation is:
Na2SO4 + 4CO → Na2S + 4CO2
Na2SO4 + 4H2 → Na2S + 4H2O
Refined method using the byproduct (4% of sodium sulfide) during the production of precipitated barium sulfate as raw material, pump it into dual-effect evaporator for concentration into 23%; it further enters into the mixing tank for removing iron as well as carbon; pump it into the evaporator (manufactured by pure nickel material) to evaporate the lye into a certain concentration and further send it into the roller squeezing apparatus for flaking and further obtain the finished product after screening and packaging.
Pulverized coal reduction method is the traditional production method for making sodium sulfide. During the manufacturing process, improve the equipment and materials and increase the iron removal process so that the products can meet standards.
Toxicity grading
highly toxic
Acute toxicity
oral-rat LD50: 208 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 205 mg/kg
Hazardous characteristics of explosive
it is explosive upon heating and collision.
Flammability and hazard characteristics
it release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas upon acids; anhydrous sodium sulfide is flammable; heating can release toxic fumes of sulfur oxides
Storage characteristics
Treasury: ventilation, low-temperature and dry; store it separately from oxidants and acids
Extinguishing agent
water, sand
Preparation
Sodium sulfide is prepared by heating sodium bisulfate with sodium chloride and coal above 950°C. The product mixture is extracted with water and the hydrated sulfide is obtained from the solution by crystallization: NaHSO4 + NaCl + 2C → Na2S + 2CO2↑ + HCl↑Sodium sulfide also is produced from its elements in liquid ammonia: Na + 2S → Na2S.
Air & Water Reactions
Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide when exposed to air slowly convert to sodium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate. The crystalline form upon exposure to air forms hydrogen sulfide and sodium carbonate [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
Reactivity Profile
SODIUM SULFIDE is a white to yellow crystalline material, flammable. Can explode on rapid heating or when shocked. Violent reaction with carbon, charcoal, diazonium salts, N,N-dichloromethylamine, strong oxidizers, water. On contact with acids Sodium sulfide liberates highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. When heated to decomposition Sodium sulfide emits toxic fumes of sodium oxide, and oxides of sulfur [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1729].
Hazard
Flammable, dangerous fire and explosion
risk. Strong irritant to skin and tissue, liberates toxic
hydrogen sulfide on contact with acids.
Health Hazard
Caustic action on skin and eyes. If ingested may liberate hydrogen sulfide in stomach.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating sulfur dioxide is produced in fire.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
A poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Unstable and can explode on rapid heating or percussion. Reacts violently with carbon, diazonium salts, n,n-dichloromethylamine, onitroaniline diazonium salt, water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O. See also SULFIDES
Purification Methods
Some purification of the hydrated salt can be achieved by selecting large crystals and removing the surface layer (contaminated with oxidation products) by washing with distilled water. Other metal ions can be removed from Na2S solutions by passage through a column of Dowex ion-exchange A-1 resin, Na+-form. The hydrated salt can be rendered anhydrous by heating it in a stream of H2 or N2 until water is no longer evolved. (The resulting cake should not be heated to fusion because it is readily oxidised.) Recrystallise it from distilled water [Anderson & Azowlay J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans 469 1986]. Note that sodium sulfide hydrolyses in H2O to form NaHS + H2O, and is therefore alkaline. A 0.1N solution in H2O is 86% hydrolysed at room temperature. Its solubility in H2O is 8% at 0o, 12% at 20o and 30% at 50o. The anhydrous salt is obtained by allowing it to stand in a vacuum over conc H2SO4 or P2O5 at 45o to start with, then at 30-35o when the salt contains 4% of water. The last traces of water are removed by heating to 700o in a glass or porcelain tube in a stream of H2 to give pure H2S. [Fehér in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 358-360 1963.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1313-82-2 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,3,1 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1313-82:
(6*1)+(5*3)+(4*1)+(3*3)+(2*8)+(1*2)=52
52 % 10 = 2
So 1313-82-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2Na.S/rNa2S/c1-3-2
1313-82-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Hinz, Dirk
, p. 1004 - 1011 (2000)
Green plate-like crystals of Na9[Cr(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O (triclinic, P1?, a = 872.9(1) pm, b = 1142.0(1) pm, c = 1166.0(1) pm, α = 74.27(1)°, β = 87.54(1)°, γ = 70.69(1)°) are obtained upon slow cooling of a hot saturated solution of CrIII in cone. NaOH (50 wt%) at room temperature. In the presence of chloride or disulfide the reaction yields green prismatic crystals of Na4[Cr(OH)6]Cl · H2O (monoclinic, C2/c, a = 1138.8(2) pm, b = 1360.4(1) pm, c = 583.20(7) pm, β = 105.9(1)°) or green elongated plates of Na4[Cr(OH)6](S2)1/2 · H2O (monoclinic, P21/c, a = 580.8(1) pm, b = 1366.5(3) pm, c = 1115.0(2) pm, β = 103.71(2)°), respeclively. The latter compounds crystallize in related structures. All compounds can be described as distorted cubic closest packings of the anions and the crystal water molecules with the cations occupying octahedral sites in an ordered way. The thermal decomposition of the compounds was investigated by DSC/TG or DTA/TG and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements. In all cases the final decomposition product is NaCrO2.
Fellner,Korenko,Ambrová,Danielik,Thonstad
, p. 87 - 91 (2004)
The freezing point depression of cryolite (Na3AlF6) by the addition of Al2S3 and FeS was investigated. It was found that for contents of up to 10wt.% Al2S3, it brings into the melt three new species. X-ray analysis of solidified melts of the system Na3AlF6-Al2S3 showed that it contained chiolite, Na5Al3F14 and Na 2S. Chiolite originates from a reaction between Na 3AlF6 and AlF3. This suggests that the system Na3AlF6-Al2S3 is a part of the reciprocal system NaF, AlF3//Na2S, Al2S 3. The solubility of FeS in cryolite melt is so low that it cannot be determined by the thermal analysis. When FeO is added to the Na 3AlF6-Al2S3 melt, Fe2+ cations and S2- anions react under the formation of solid FeS. A similar reaction was observed for Ni2+ and S2- ions.
Li, Shu-Fang,Jiang, Xiao-Ming,Fan, Yu-Hang,Liu, Bin-Wen,Zeng, Hui-Yi,Guo, Guo-Cong
, p. 5700 - 5708 (2018)
To circumvent the incompatibility between large nonlinear optical (NLO) efficiencies and high laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) in mid-infrared NLO materials, a new strategy for designing materials with both excellent properties is proposed. This strategy involves narrowing the band gap for large NLO efficiencies and reducing the thermal effect for a high LIDT. To support these proposals, a series of isostructural chalcogenides with various tetrahedral center cations, Na2Ga2MQ6 (M = Ge, Sn; Q = S, Se), were synthesized and studied in detail. Compared with the benchmark AGS, these chalcogenides exhibit significantly narrower band gaps (1.56-1.73 eV, AGS: 2.62 eV) and high NLO efficiencies (1.6-3.9 times that of AGS at 1910 nm), and also outstanding LIDTs of 8.5-13.3 × those of AGS for potential high-power applications, which are contrary to the conventional band gap view but can be attributed to their small thermal expansion anisotropy, surmounting the NLO-LIDT incompatibility. These results shed light on the search for practical IR NLO materials with excellent performance not restricted by NLO-LIDT incompatibility.
Rao, Rayavarapu Prasada,Chen, Haomin,Wong, Lee Loong,Adams, Stefan
, p. 3377 - 3388 (2017)
Electrolytes in current Na-ion batteries are mostly based on the same fundamental chemistry as those in Li-ion batteries-a mixture of flammable liquid cyclic and linear organic carbonates leading to the same safety concerns especially during fast charging. All-solid-state Na-ion rechargeable batteries utilizing non-flammable ceramic Na superionic conductor electrolytes are a promising alternative. Among the known sodium conducting electrolytes the cubic Na3PS4 phase has relatively high sodium ion conductivity exceeding 10?4 S cm?1 at room temperature. Here we systematically study the doping of Na3PS4 with Ge4+, Ti4+, Sn4+ and optimise the processing of these phases. A maximum ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10?4 S cm?1 is achieved for Na3.1Sn0.1P0.9S4. Utilising this fast Na+ ion conductor, a new class of all-solid-state Na2+2δFe2?δ(SO4)3|Na3+xMxP1?xS4 (M = Ge4+, Ti4+, Sn4+) (x = 0, 0.1)|Na2Ti3O7 sodium-ion secondary batteries is demonstrated that is based on earth-abundant safe materials and features high rate capability even at room temperature. All-solid-state Na2+2δFe2?δ(SO4)3|Na3+xMxP1?xS4|Na2Ti3O7 cells with the newly prepared electrolyte exhibited charge-discharge cycles at room temperature between 1.5 V and 4.0 V. At low rates the initial capacity matches the theoretical capacity of ca. 113 mA h g?1. At 2C rate the first discharge capacity at room temperature is still 83 mA h per gram of Na2+2δFe2?δ(SO4)3 and at 80 °C it rises to 109 mA h per gram with 80% capacity retention over 100 cycles.
Rangan, Krishnaswamy K.,Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
, p. 4036 - 4044 (2004)
The mesostructured lamellar phases with the general formula [C nH2n + 1NH3]4Ge4S 10 (n = 12, 14, 16, 18) were synthesized by metathesis of alkyl ammonium chloride surfactants and Na4Ge4S10 in aqueous medium. The crystal structures of the phases with n = 12 and 14 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; [C12H 13NH3]4Ge4S10 crystallizes in monoclinic C2/c space group (a = 16.149(3), b = 46.576(9) c = 9.147(2) ?, β = 97.13(3)° and Z = 4) and [C14H 29NH3]4Ge4S10 in the triclinic P1? space group (a = 9.1280(6), b = 16.1992(1), c = 26.971(2) ?, α =73.370(1)°, β = 88.307(1)°, γ = 82.825(1)° and Z = 2). These compounds possess layers of adamantane [Ge 4S10]4- anions separated by layers of deeply interpenetrated long chain alkylammonium molecules. Strong hydrogen bonding is observed between the terminal sulfur atoms of the [Ge4S 10]4- clusters and H atoms of the NH3 groups of the surfactant molecules. Spectroscopic and thermal characterization of these compounds is reported.
Takata, Toshikazu,Saeki, Daisaku,Makita, Yoshimasa,Yamada, Nobuo,Kihara, Nobuhiro
, p. 3712 - 3714 (2003)
Sodium disulfide and monosulfide were selectively formed via the direct reaction of sulfur and an equimolar amount of sodium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 70 °C in the presence of a catalytic amount of aromatic hydrocarbons and ketone.
Jones, C. H. W.,Kovacs, P. E.,Sharma, R. D.,McMillan, R. S.
, p. 774 - 779 (1991)
57Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the intermediates formed at the FeS2 cathode during room-temperature discharge in the LiLiClO4-propylene carbonateFeS2 cell.Moessbauer spectra recorded at 4.2 K provided evidence for the formation of Li3Fe2S4 and another lithiated phase, similar to but not exactly the same as Li2FeS2.Small particles of superparamagnetic iron were also formed early in the discharge.When LiAsF6 was the electrolyte, no intermediates were detectable and rapid reduction to small particles of iron occured.Chemical lithiation of FeS2 with n-BuLi in hexane produced a mixture of reduction products similar to that observed for the LiLiClO4-propylene carbonateFeS2 cell.
Svirskaya,Lupeiko,Pakhomov,Medvedeva
, p. 762 - 765 (2011)
A procedure was developed for preparation of lithium and sodium hypothiophosphates from the corresponding alkali-metal and phosphorus sulfides in ethanol. The possibility was explored for preparation of tin(II) hypothiophosphate in an alcoholic solution by an exchange reaction between sodium hypothiophosphate and tin(II) chloride.
De Boer,Haije,Veldhuis
, p. 3 - 19 (2002)
Structural, thermodynamic and phase properties in the Na2S-H2O system for application in a chemical heat pump have been investigated using XRD, TG/DTA and melting point and vapour pressure determinations. Apart from the known crystalline phases Na2S·9H2O, Na2S·5H2O and Na2S a new phase Na2S·2H2O has been proven to exist. Na2S·1/2H2O is not a phase but a 3:1 mixture of Na2S and Na2S·2H2O, presumably stabilised by very slow dehydration kinetics. The vapour pressure-temperature equilibria of the sodium sulphide hydrates have been determined and a consistent set of thermodynamic functions for these compounds has been derived. XRD measurements indicate the topotactic character of the transitions between the hydration states.
Itoh, Mitsuru,Kozuka, Tetsuya Yamamoto Zensaku
, (1988)
EMF measurements of the cell Na(l)/ beta prime -alumina/Na//2S plus Ag//2S plus Ag were carried out in the temperature range 463. 4 to 843. 7 K. The results are represented by the equation E/V ( plus or minus 0. 00057) equals 1. 75793( plus or minus 0. 00
