2050-99-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Syntheses and properties of zinc and calcium complexes of valinate and isovalinate: Metal α-amino acidates as possible constituents of the early Earth's chemical inventory
Strasdeit, Henry,Buesching, Insa,Behrends, Sabine,Saak, Wolfgang,Barklage, Walter
, p. 1133 - 1142 (2007/10/03)
We have studied the ligand behavior of racemic isovalinate (iva-) and valinate (val-) towards zinc(II) and calcium(II). The following solid metal amino acidates were obtained from aqueous solutions: Zn3Cl2(iva)4 (1). Zn3Cl2(val)4 (2), Zn(val)2 (3). Zn(iva)2 2H2O (4). Zn(iva)2 3.25H2O (5). Zn-(iva)2 (6), Ca(iva)2 x H2O (7), and Ca-(val)2 H2O (8). Except for complex 3, these were hitherto unknown compounds. The conditions under which they formed, together with current ideas of the conditions on early Earth, support the assumption that α-amino acidate complexes of zinc and calcium might have belonged to early Earth's prebiotic chemical inventory. The zinc isovalinates 1. 4. and 5 were characterized by X-ray crystal structure analyses. Complex 1 forms a layer structure containing four- and five-coordinate metal atoms, whereas the zinc atoms in 4 and 5 are five-coordinate. Compound 5 possesses an unprecedented nonpolymeric structure built from cyclic [Zn6(iva)12] complexes, which are separated by water molecules. The thermolyses of solids 1, 3, and 8 at 320°C in an N2 atmosphere yielded numerous organic products, including the cyclic dipeptide of valine from 3 and 8. Condensation, C-C bond breaking and bond formation, aromatization, decarboxylation, and deamination reactions occurred during the thermolyses. Such reactions of metal-bound α-amino acidates that are abiotically formed could already have contributed to an organic-geochemical diversity before life appeared on Earth.
Novel Routes to Enol Ethers, Unsymmetrical Ketones, α-Bromoalkyl Ketones, 1,4-Diketones, 2-Ethoxy-2-cyclopenetenones, and α-Keto Enamines
Katritzky, Alan R.,Zhang, Guifen,Jiang, Jinlong
, p. 7605 - 7611 (2007/10/03)
Highly regioselectve SN2' reactions of adducts 6 (readily prepared by reactions of halides with the allyl anion 12 of 11) with Grignard reagents gave enol ethers 13, which were converted (in one-pot reactions from 11) into ketones 14 and α-bromoalkyl ketones 15 in good yields.The monoprotected 1,4-diketone derivative 16 (prepared by Michael addition of the allyl anion 12 with methyl vinyl ketone) was converted both into 1,4-diketones 18 and into protected γ-hydroxyalkyl ketone 20 by propenoyl, or to both functionalities.The allyl anion 12 with α-substituted acetic esters gave α-acylated adducts 24, which underwent in situ unfavored endo-trig cyclization upon treatment with NaH and secondary amines, to give 2-ethoxy-2-cyclopenetenones 27 and 28 and α-keto enamines 25 in good yield.The mechanism for the cyclization is discussed.
IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF ALIPHATIC KETONES BY THE REACTION OF ALKYLMERCURIC BROMIDES WITH NICKEL CARBONYL IN THE PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM IODIDE
Ryu, Ilhyong,Ryang, Membo,Rhee, Ilsong,Omura, Haruo,Murai, Shinji,Sonoda, Noboru
, p. 1175 - 1180 (2007/10/02)
An improved and convenient procedure for symmetrical aliphatic ketone synthesis is described, which employs the reaction of alkylmercuric bromides with nickel carbonyl in the presence of potassium iodide.
